many and Russia. 20. Organic Remains of the Permian Se-

ries. 21. Invertebrata of the Permian. 22. Fishes of the

Permian, 23. Reptiles of the Permian. 24. Reptiles. 25.

Chelonians or Turtles. 26. Crocodiles. 27. Enalio-saurians

or Marine Reptiles. 28. The Plesiosaurus. 29. Pterodactyles,

or Flying Reptiles. 30. Ophidians and Batrachians. 31. Re-

view of the Age of Reptiles. 32. Objections considered. 33.

Concluding Remarks.

4. LECTURE V1.-

-ON ZOOPHYTA AND CRINOIDEA

PACE

593-669

1. Introductory. 2. Organic and Inorganic Bodies.
3. Dis-

tinction between Animals and Vegetables. 4. Nervous Sys-

tem and Sensation. 5. Diversity of Animal Forms. 6. Zoo-

phytes. 7. Animal nature of Zoophytes. 8. Cilia, or vibratile

organs. 9. Hydræ, or Fresh-water Polypes. 10. Elementary

organic structure. 11. Analogy not Identity. 12. The Bryozoa.

13. Food of Zoophytes. 14. Nature of Zoophytes. 15. Corals

or Polypifera. 16. Sertularian Zoophytes. 17. Actinoidea or

Corallaria. 18. Caryophyllia and Turbinolia. 19. Madre-

pore. 20. Fungia. 21. Astræa, Pavonia, &c. 22. Mæan-

drina cerebriformis. 23. Alcyonarian Zoophytes: Gorgonia.

24. The Red Coral. 25. Tubipora. 26. Geographical Distri-

bution of Corals. 27. Appearance of living Corals. 28. Coral

Reefs. 29. Coral Reef of Loo-Choo. 30. Coral Islands.

31. Formation of Coral Islands. 32. Montgomery on Coral

Islands. 33. Fossil Zoophytes. 34. Ventriculites. 35. Zoo-

phytes of the Oolite and Lias. 36. Corals of the Paleozoic

Formations. 37. Coralline Marbles. 38. The Crinoidea.

39. Structure of the Crinoidea. 40. Encrinites and Penta-

crinites. 41. Derbyshire Encritinal Marble. 42. The Lily-

Encrinite. 43. Pear-Encrinite of Bradford. 44. Pentacrinites

and Actinocrinites. 45. Pentremites and Cystidea. 46. Con-

cluding Remarks.

5. LECTURE VII.-THE CARBONIFEROUS SERIES

670-778

1. Introductory. 2. The Carboniferous Series. 3. The Coal-

measures. 4. Coalfield of Derbyshire. 5. Coalbrook Dale.

6. Nature of Coal-deposits. 7. Mode of Deposition of the

Coal-measures. 8. The Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia.

9. Erect Trees in the Carboniferous Deposits. 10. Upright

Trees at Wolverhampton and St. Etienne. 11. Upright Trees

in the Coal-measures of Nova-Scotia and Cape Breton. 12.

Coal-shales and Vegetable Remains. 13. Millstone Grit.

14. Carboniferous Limestone. 15. Derbyshire Lead-mines.

16. Carboniferous Rocks of Devonshire, 17. Trap-rocks and

Trap-dykes of the Carboniferous Series. 18. Faults in the

Coal-measures. 19. Geographical distribution of the Carboni-

ferous Strata. 20. Carboniferous Rocks of North America.

21. Organic Remains of the Carboniferous Series, 22. Or-

ganization of Vegetables. 23. Climate and Seasons indicated

by Fossil Wood. 24. Microscopical examination of Fossil

Trees. 25. Nature of Coal. 26. Liebig on the formation of

Coal. 27. Bitumen, Petroleum, and Naphtha. 28. The

Diamond. 29. Anthracite, Plumbago, &c. 30. Petrifaction

of Vegetables. 31. Artificial Vegetable Petrifactions. 32. Si-

licification of Vegetables. 33. Fossil Plants of the Coal.

34. Equisetaceous Plants. 35. Fossil Ferns. 36. Sigillaria.

37. Stigmaria. 38. Lepidodendron. 39. Coniferous Trees

and Plants. 40. Flora of the Coal. 41. Atmospheric con-

ditions during the Carboniferous Period. 42. Formation of

Coal-measures. 43. Coal-measures originating in submerged

Lands. 44. Zoophytes and Echinoderms of the Carboniferous

Series. 45. Shells of the Carboniferous Series. 46. Crusta-

ceans and Insects. 47. Fishes of the Carboniferous Series.

48. Reptiles of the Carboniferous Period. 49. Climate of the

Palæozoic Ages. 50. Retrospect, and Botanical Epochs.

ΟΔΟΣ

6. LECTURE VIII. PART I.-THE DEVONIAN, SILURIAN, AND

779-837

CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS

1. Introductory. 2. The Devonian Series. 3. Subdivisions of

the Devonian Series,-Herefordshire and Ireland. 4. Devo-

nian Strata of Devonshire and Cornwall. 5. Devonian Strata

of Scotland. 6. Devonian Strata of the Continent and America.

7. Organic Remains of the Devonian Series,-Plants, Zoo-

phytes, Molluscs. 8. Devonian Crustaceans. 9. Devonian

Fishes and Reptiles. 10. The Silurian and Cambrian Rocks. 11.

Silurian and Cambrian Strata of the British Isles. 12. The

Longmynd or Bottom Rocks. 13. Silurian Strata of Stafford-

shire. 14. The Clent Hills. 15. The Wrekin. 16. The

Malvern Hills, &c. 17. Silurian and Cambrian Strata of

Europe and America. 18. Silurian Fossils,-Plant-remains.

19. Silurian Zoophytes, Echinoderms, and Annelides. 20.

Silurian Molluscs. 21. Silurian Crustacea. 22. Visual Or-

gans of Trilobites. 23. Silurian Fishes. 24. Slate-rocks.

25. Review of the Lower Palæozoic Series.

7. LECTURE VIII. PART II.- -THE VOLCANIC AND HYPOGENE

1. Introductory. 2. Nature of Volcanic Action. 3. Earthquakes.

4. Earthquake of Lisbon. 5. Phlegræan Fields, and the Li-

pari Isles. 6. Ischia and Vesuvius. 7. Structure of Volcanic

Mountains. 8. Volcanic Products. 9. Lava-currents, Dykes,

and Veins. 10. Eruptions of Vesuvius. 11. Herculaneum

and Pompeii. 12. Conservative effects of Lava-streams. 13.

Organic Remains in Lava. 14. Mount Etna. 15. Val del

Bove. 16. Volcano of Kilauea. 17. Mr. Stewart's visit to

Kilauea. 18. Volcano of Jorullo. 19. Submarine Volcanos.

20. Summary of Volcanic Phenomena. 21. Hypogene Rocks.

22. Mica-schist and Gneiss. 23. Contorted Crystalline Rocks.

24. Basalt or Trap. 25. Isle of Staffa. 26. Strata altered

from contact with Basalt. 27. Trap-dykes in the Isle of Skye.

28. Granite. 29. Granitic Eruptions. 30. Metamorphism of

Rocks. 31. Precious Stones. 32. Metalliferous Veins. 33.

Auriferous Alluvia. 34. Cupreous Deposits. 35. Transmu-

tation of Metals. 36. Review of the Hypogene Rocks. 37.

Organic Remains in Metamorphic Rocks. 38. Chronology of

Mountain-chains. 39. Systems of Elevation. 43. The Great

Caledonian Valley. 41. Structure of Ben Nevis. 42. Retro-

spect. 43. Successive changes in the Organic Kingdoms.

44. Geological effects of Dynamical and Chemical Action.

45. Strata composed of Organic Remains. 46. General In-

ferences. 47. The Ancient World. 48. Corollary. 49. Fi-

nal Effects. 50. Concluding Remarks.

8. VALEDICTION

9. APPENDIX to Vol. II.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES :-

A.-Mr. H. C. Sorby on the Microscopical Structure of Crystals;

p. 948.

B. Dr. Paris on Rocking-stones; p. 951.

C.-Rev. J. B. Reade on Fossil Infusoria in Mica; p. 951.

D.-Mr. D. Milne on the Parallel Terraces of Lochaber and Glen

Roy; p. 953.

E.-Mr. Darwin on the Galapagos Archipelago; p. 955.

10. ADDENDA.

I. Elevation and Depression of the Land; p. 958.

II. Mastodon and Elephant; p. 963.

III. Possible Extension of the Crag-deposits over a part of the

South-east of England; p. 970.

IV. Extraneous Fossils, Pebbles, &c., in the Chalk; p. 972.

ΡΑΟΥ

946

948

11. GLOSSARY

12. CORRIGENDA

13. DIRECTIONS TO BINDER

14. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE V.

15. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VI.

16. GENERAL INDEX

975

984

LIST OF WOODCUTS

IN

VOL. I.

LIGN.

1.-The supposed appearance of the Earth, as seen from the Moon

2.-Diagram to illustrate the proportionate thickness of the Earth's

crust

8.-A twig incrusted with tufa

PAGE

32

35

41

..

43

45

46

62

75

82

85

87

88

95

106

113

127

130

9.-Ferruginous conglomerate, composed of beads and knife-
blades, from a stranded ship, off Hastings

10.-Section of the Cliffs at Guadaloupe

11.-Fossil human skeleton, from Guadaloupe, in the British Museum

12.—Human skeleton, from Guadaloupe, in the Museum at Paris

13.-Theoretical diagram of the Geysers of Ireland

14.-Remains of the Temple of Jupiter Serapis at Puzzuoli. (From

Sir C. Lyell's Principles of Geology)

15.-Elevated strata and beach at Brighton, east of Kemp Town

16.-The Apteryx of New Zealand

17.—The Dodo. (From a painting in the British Museum)

18.-Skull and horn-cores of Bison priscus

19.-Skull and horn-cores of Bos primigenius

20.-Skull and horn-cores of Bos longifrons

21.-Skull of the Bengal tiger (Felis tigris)

22.-Skull of a wild-cat (Felis Canadensis)

*24.-Skeleton of the Mammoth, or Elephas primigenius, which was

found imbedded in frozen gravel in Siberia

LIGN.

*25.-Tooth of the Great Mastodon, from the banks of the Hudson

PAGE

180

30.-Section of the entrance to Kirkdale Cave

31.--The right side of the lower jaw of a hyena, from Kirkdale Cave 181 32.-Teeth of a ruminant in osseous breccia, from Gibraltar 33.-Illustrative of stratification

34.-Diagram of the relative position of the rocks and strata in

186

198

England

35.-Tertiary basins of Paris, London, and Hants

36.-Section from Herts to Sens, in France

37.-Plan of the Artesian wells near London

38.-Alum Bay, Isle of Wight; from the west

Wight

39.-Section of Headon Hill and Alum Bay

40.-Fossil palm-leaf from the Bembridge Limestone (?), Isle of

41.-Marine eocene shells of the Paris Tertiaries 42.-Fresh-water shells of the Paris Tertiaries.

43.-Nautilus (Aturia) Ziczac, from the London Clay, Primrose Hill (in the cabinet of Mr. Wetherell) ..

44.-Nummulites from the Great Pyramid of Egypt

45.-Fossil shells from the London Clay, Primrose Hill..

46.-Fossil crab from Malta

47.-Inner view of the upper and lower mandibles of a Chimæroid fish 255

242

244

..

48.-Fragment of the upper jaw of the Alligator Hantoniensis

265

266

281

305

310

311

312

313

317

51.-Portion of the lower jaw of a monkey, from eocene sand, near

Woodbridge

52.-Fossil fish, from Aix. (Smerdis minutus)

53.-Fossil insects from the Tertiary strata at Aix, in Provence 54.-The Drachenfels

56.-The shell of a Rosalina, containing the fossilized body of the

60.-Diagram-section of the strata at Eastware Bay, near Folke

stone