H. W. WILEY, Chemist and Chief of Bureau. F. L. DUNLAP, Associate Chemist. W. D. BIGELOW, Assistant Chief. M. W. TAYLOR, Librarian. Division of Foods, W. D. BIGELOW, Chief. Food Inspection Laboratory, L. M. TOLMAN, Chief. Food Technology Laboratory, E. M. CHACE, Chief and Assistant Chief of Division. Oil, Fat, and Wax Laboratory. [Not appointed.] Division of Drugs, L. F. KEBLER, Chief. Drug Inspection Laboratory, G. W. HOOVER, Chief. Pharmacological Laboratory, WM. SALANT, Acting Chief. Chief Food and Drug Inspector, W. G. CAMPbell. Water Laboratory, W. W. SKINNER, Chief. Cattle-Food and Grain Laboratory, J. S. CHAMBERLAIN, Chief. Contracts Laboratory, P. H. WALKER, Chief. Dairy Laboratory, G. E. PATRICK, Chief. Food Research Laboratory, M. E. PENNINGTON, Chief. Sugar Laboratory, A. H. BRYAN, Acting. Special Investigations: Physiological Chemistry (Animal), F. C. WEBER, in Charge. Physiological Chemistry (Vegetable), J. A. LE CLERC, in Charge. Bacteriological Chemistry, G. W. STILES, in Charge. Enological Chemistry, W. B. ALWOOD, in Charge. Food and Drug Inspection Laboratories: Boston, B. H. SMITH, Chief. Buffalo, W. L. DUBOIS, Acting. Chicago, A. L. WINTON, Chief. Denver, A. E. LEACH, Chief. Detroit, H. L. SCHULZ, Acting. Galveston, T. F. PAPPE, Acting. Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, R. A. DUNCAN, Acting. Kansas City, Mo., A. V. H. MORY, Acting. Nashville. [Not appointed.] New Orleans, C. W. HARRISON, Chief. New York, R. E. DOOLITTLE, Chief. Omaha, S. H. Ross, Acting. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY-BULLETIN No. 120. H. W. WILEY, Chief of Bureau. THE FEEDING VALUE OF CEREALS, AS CALCULATED FROM CHEMICAL ANALYSES. By JOSEPH S. CHAMBERLAIN, Chief, Cattle-Food and Grain Laboratory, Miscellaneous Division. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY, Washington, D. C., October 23, 1908. SIR: I have the honor to transmit for your inspection and approval a manuscript containing the results of a chemical study of the feeding value of certain cereals, especially oats, wheat, and barley, recently completed in the Cattle-Food and Grain Laboratory of this Bureau in collaboration with the Bureau of Plant Industry. I recommend that this report be published as Bulletin No. 120 of the Bureau of Chemistry, its strictly chemical nature suggesting this arrangement, which has the approval of the Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry. Respectfully, H. W. WILEY, Chief of Bureau. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary of Agriculture. LETTER OF SUBMITTAL. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY, MISCELLANEOUS DIVISION, Washington, D. C., October 1, 1908. SIR: I submit herewith a report on the feeding value of cereals, by Joseph Chamberlain, Chief of the Cattle-Food and Grain Laboratory of the Miscellaneous Division, acknowledgments being due to Mr. H. W. Houghton, assistant chemist, who performed the analytical work on a portion of the samples examined, and to Mr. T. C. Trescot, in charge of the Nitrogen Section of the Bureau of Chemistry, who made the nitrogen determinations. The work was done in collaboration with the Office of Grain Investigations of the Bureau cf Plant Industry, having been begun there by the author prior to his transfer to the Bureau of Chemistry. The report discusses the relation between the chemical composition of cereals and their nutritive value, as well as the comparative value of certain varieties of cereals recently introduced. Respectfully submitted. Dr. H. W. WILEY, J. K. HAYWOOD, Chief, Miscellaneous Division. Chief, Bureau of Chemistry, CONTENTS. Introduction... Nutrients on which the feeding value is based.. Proteins...... Fats..... Carbohydrates..... Classification of all separations.. Factors used in calculating food values.. Coefficient of digestibility..... Calorific value and metabolizable energy. Production value...... Comparative nutritive value and nutritive ratio. Plan of the present investigation......... Method of estimating the relative food values of grains. Description of material examined........ Discussion of results.. Oats (Avena sativa).. Comparison of domestic and foreign oats.. Page. 5 6 6 7 8 10 13 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 Production value and nutritive ratio as a basis for exact valuation. 26 30 Emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and einkorn (Triticum monococcum). Proso (Panicum miliaceum) and sorghum (Andropogon sorghum).... Page. TABLE I. Digestibility of oats for horses and cattle........... II. Coefficients of digestibility.... III. Total and digestible nutrients...... IV. Metabolizable energy of nutrients per pound. 9 9 10 11 V. Metabolizable energy....... 12 VI. Comparison of metabolizable energy and production value of VIII. Production value of various foods expressed according to three 14 IX. Comparative nutritive value and nutritive ratio of grains. XVI. Group values for digestible nutrients, production value, and 21 XVII. Comparison of domestic and foreign grown oats of the same varieties 22 24 XIX. Comparison of oats and maize as typical energy-producing and fat- XX. Different varieties of domestic oats compared with foreign oats.... XXII. Emmer and einkorn analyses-average results.... 27 29 31 31 XXIII. Wheat-digestible nutrients, production value, and nutritive ratio. 32 33 XXV. Rye-total and digestible nutrients, production value, and nutri- 34 XXVI. Rye analyses-average results.... XXVII. Comparison of barley analyses by groups, domestic and foreign.... XXVIII. Barley-digestible nutrients averaged by groups, domestic and foreign...... 35 36 XXIX. Comparison of domestic and foreign barley, averaged by varieties.. XXXII. Group averages of total and digestible nutrients of proso, sorghum, and maize... 41 XXXIII. Proso, sorghum, and maize analyses-average results for the United States... XXXIV. Maize-digestible nutrients averaged by groups. XXXV. Oat group-digestible nutrients.... XXXVI. Wheat group-digestible nutrients XXXVII. Maize group-digestible nutrients.. XXXVIII. Oats-individual analyses.... XL. Einkorn-individual analyses. |