...employment or office under the State and the relevant Articles are quoted here as under: — Art. 15. The State shall not .discriminate against any citizen...religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. Art. 16. (i) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens on matters relating to employment...

...the individual to equal treatment by the State irrespective of religion is found in Article 15(1) : 'The State shall not discriminate against any citizen...race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.' This specific guarantee follows the general provisions contained in Article 14 for equality before...

...grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. (2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to — (a) access to...

...Susman, "Distant Voices," 61-63. Article 15 of the constitution not only forbids discrimination "on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them," India Constitution, art. 15(1), but also specifies that its mandate against discrimination does not...

...grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. (2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or conditions with regard to(a) access to shops,...

...of all persons to the equal protection of the laws and a guarantee of nondiscrimination on the basis of "religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them." It is thus possible to hold that the personal laws were already rendered void by Article 13(1). See...

...protection of the laws within the territory of India.' 3 The relevant provisions of Article 15 are: 'A. 15. Prohibition of Discrimination on grounds of religion,...religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. (3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and...

...before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India." Article 15(1) states: "The State shall not discriminate against any citizen...race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them." 46. Mansfield, "Personal Law v. Uniform Civil Code," p. 140. 47. Saba Naqvi Bhaumik, "Surviving Friends,"...

...legally recognized as such). 38 What was ruled out was unjust discrimination. Article 1 5(1) reads, "The State shall not discriminate against any citizen...race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them." With regard to the separation of state and religion, Article 27 provided, "No person shall be compelled...

...have access to public places, including roads, public wells, shops, hotels, and restaurants. Moreover, "[t]he State shall not discriminate against any citizen...religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them" (Article 15). • Electoral empowerment. In the lower house of Parliament (Lok Sabha), 15 percent of...