tions or other military matters relating to any part of the army or command with which they are serving, or to any auxiliary forces.

4. Personal and press messages may, under conditions not interfering with military business, be transmitted free over field military telegraph lines that are closed to the general public.

5. The use of any cipher is forbidden, except in communication to and from commanding officers and their superiors, or in cases of civil officers specially authorized. Personal and press codes, however, may be utilized for the economical transmission of dispatches upon filing a copy of the code with the central office and under such other regulations as may be formulated by the general commanding an army in the field.

6. The chief signal officer of an army operating in the field, or of a district under military control, in carrying out his general instructions will formulate necessary regulations for the management and operation of military telegraph lines under his control. General rules should be reduced to writing, be clearly defined, and impartially enforced.

7. For signal communication between the Army and the Navy the International Morse Code shall be adopted, transmitted by radio, visual, and sound signals whenever applicable to the means of communication employed, with the single modification that in the use of the Ardois night system numerals shall be spelled out and punctuation marks shall be eliminated. The use of the International Morse Code, however, shall not be understood as prohibiting the employment between the Army and the Navy of such other systems of signaling as may be useful under special conditions, such as the International Code, the two-arm semaphore system, pyrotechnics of any description, including rockets, the Very pistol, or any other method of communication not adapted to the dot and dash code, but which at times may become serviceable and which may be temporarily agreed to by the senior officers present of the two services.

8. The International Morse Code is announced as the general service code of the Army, and will be used for all visual signaling, radio telegraphy, and on cables using siphon recorders. The American Morse Code will be used on telegraph lines, on short cables, and on field lines.

1562. The department commander will cause the operations of the Signal Corps of the Army to be supplemented by such instruction in practice in military signaling as may be necessary for the military service. He will cause each troop, battery, and company commander to have at all times at least two available enlisted men able to exchange messages by means of the flag and the general service code (International Morse Code) at a speed equal to four combinations, of five mixed letters each, per minute at distances of not less than 2 miles.

1563. Whoever shall willfully or maliciously injure or destroy any of the works, property, or material of any telegraph, telephone, or cable line, or system, operated or controlled by the United States, whether constructed or in process of construction, or shall willfully or maliciously interfere in any way with the working or use of any such line, or system, or shall willfully or maliciously obstruct, hinder, or delay the transmission of any communication over any such line, or system, shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.

1564. Officers of the Army may purchase from the Signal Corps articles of signal corps equipment, provided the property is available. They will certify that the articles are for their personal use. The price to be paid by an officer for such property will be the cost price to the Government. Code cards and instructions for visual signaling will be furnished by the Chief Signal Officer of the Army upon application. Signal supplies will be furnished by the Signal

Corps to posts and such organizations as require them on requisitions approved by department commanders. All officers or other persons in the military establishment to whom signal supplies are issued will render accounts and returns therefor to the Chief Signal Officer of the Army on forms furnished for that purpose.

1565. Signal supplies will be issued to the Organized Militia of the several States, Territories, and the District of Columbia in accordance with the provisions of “An act to promote the efficiency of the militia, and for other purposes," approved January 21, 1903, as amended by the act of Congress approved May 27, 1908, upon proper requisition therefor.

1566. Telescopes, field glasses, telephones, and expensive electrical apparatus of the Signal Corps when unserviceable will not be submitted to an inspector for condemnation without previous authority of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army.

1567. Quartermasters will issue to signal parties serving in their vicinity, on the requisition of the officer in charge, such supplies from their respective departments as may be necessary for their proper equipment and subsistence.

1568. Electrical engineers and other technical employees of the Signal Corps shall, while serving on transports or other Government vessels used as cable ships, be entitled to subsistence in the same manner as employees of the Quartermaster Corps serving thereon.

ARTICLE LXXVIII.

UNIFORM.

1569. The uniform and equipments of officers and enlisted men will be prescribed in special regulations published by authority of the Secretary of War.

ARTICLE LXXIX.

MANUALS OF STAFF DEPARTMENTS AND BLANK FORMS.

1570. Manuals issued by the staff departments and approved by the Secretary of War, when not in conflict with any of the provisions of these regulations or of orders or bulletins of the War Department, will have equal force therewith. 1571. The standard blank forms used in army administration, with the notes and directions thereon, have the force and effect of Army Regulations. New forms or alterations will not be made without the authority of the Secretary of War, and the date on which a form or alteration was authorized will be printed on the form itself. All notes or directions on these blanks will, prior to their issue, be approved by the Secretary of War. These forms and lists of them will be furnished by the chiefs of the various bureaus and offices of the War Department. Requisitions therefor will call for them by number and name. 1572. The rendition of returns, rolls, certificates, and other documents in manuscript is prohibited when the proper printed forms therefor are on hand.

ARTICLE LXXX.

THE ARMY RESERVE.

[Established by the provisions of the second paragraph of section 2 of the Army appropriation act of August 24, 1912. (37 Stat., 590, 591.)]

1573. Regulations governing the Army Reserve are published in orders from the War Department (see G. O., No. 11, W. D., 1913).

ARTICLES OF WAR.

SECTION 1342, Revised Statutes. The armies of the United States shall be governed by the following rules and articles. The word officer, as used therein, shall be understood to designate commissioned officers; the word soldier shall be understood to include noncommissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates, and other enlisted men, and the convictions mentioned therein shall be understood to be convictions by court-martial.

ARTICLE 1. Every officer now in the Army of the United States shall within six months from the passing of this act, and every officer hereafter appointed shall, before he enters upon the duties of his office, subscribe these rules and articles.

ART. 2. These rules and articles shall be read to every enlisted man at the time of, or within six days after, his enlistment, and he shall thereupon take an oath or affirmation, in the following form: "I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the United States of America; that I will serve them honestly and faithfully against all their enemies whomsoever; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States, and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to the rules and articles of war." This oath may be taken before any commissioned officer of the Army.

ART. 3. Every officer who knowingly enlists or musters into the military service any minor over the age of sixteen years without the written consent of his parents or guardians or any minor under the age of sixteen years, or any insane or intoxicated persons, or any deserter from the military or naval service of the United States, or any person who has been convicted of any infamous criminal offense, shall, upon conviction, be dismissed from the service, or suffer such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.

ART. 4. No enlisted man, duly sworn, shall be discharged from the service without a discharge in writing, signed by a field officer of the regiment to which he belongs, or by the commanding officer, when no field officer is present; and no discharge shall be given to any enlisted man before his term of service has expired, except by order of the President, the Secretary of War, the commanding officer of a department, or by sentence of a general court-martial.

ART. 5. Any officer who knowingly musters as a soldier a person who is not a soldier shall be deemed guilty of knowingly making a false muster, and punished accordingly.

ART. 6. Any officer who takes money, or other thing, by way of gratification, on mustering any regiment, troop, battery, or company, or on signing muster rolls, shall be dismissed from the service, and shall thereby be disabled to hold any office or employment in the service of the United States.

ART. 7. Every officer commanding a regiment, an independent troop, battery, or company, or a garrison, shall, in the beginning of every month, transmit through the proper channels, to the Department of War, an exact return of the same, specifying the names of the officers then absent from their posts, with the

reasons for and the time of their absence. And any officer who, through neglect or design, omits to send such returns, shall, on conviction thereof, be punished as a court-martial may direct.

ART. 8. Every officer who knowingly makes a false return to the Department of War, or to any of his superior officers, authorized to call for such returns, of the state of the regiment, troop or company, or garrison under his command; or of the arms, ammunition, clothing or other stores thereunto belonging, shall, on conviction thereof before a court-martial, be cashiered.

ART. 9. All public stores taken from the enemy shall be secured for the service of the United States; and for neglect thereof the commanding officer shall be answerable.

ART. 10. Every officer commanding a troop, battery, or company, is charged with the arms, accouterments, ammunition, clothing, or other military stores belonging to his command, and is accountable to his colonel in case of their being lost, spoiled, or damaged otherwise than by unavoidable accident, or on actual service.

ART. 11. Every officer commanding a regiment or an independent troop, battery, or company, not in the field, may, when actually quartered with such command, grant furloughs to the enlisted men, in such numbers and for such time as he shall deem consistent with the good of the service. Every officer commanding a regiment, or an independent troop, battery, or company, in the field, may grant furloughs not exceeding thirty days at one time, to five per centum of the enlisted men, for good conduct in the line of duty, but subject to the approval of the commander of the forces of which said enlisted men form a part. Every company officer of a regiment, commanding any troop, battery, or company not in the field, or commanding in any garrison, fort, post, or barrack, may, in the absence of his field officer, grant furloughs to the enlisted men, for a time not exceeding twenty days in six months, and not to more than two persons to be absent at the same time.

ART. 12. At every muster of a regiment, troop, battery, or company, the commanding officer thereof shall give to the mustering officer certificates, signed by himself, stating how long absent officers have been absent and the reasons of their absence. And the commanding officer of every troop, battery, or company shall give like certificates, stating how long absent noncommissioned officers and private soldiers have been absent and the reasons of their absence. Such reasons and time of absence shall be inserted in the muster rolls opposite the names of the respective absent officers and soldiers, and the certificates, together with the muster rolls, shall be transmitted by the mustering officer to the Department of War, as speedily as the distance of the place and muster will admit.

ART. 13. Every officer who signs a false certificate, relating to the absence or pay of an officer or soldier, shall be dismissed from the service.

ART. 14. Any officer who knowingly makes a false muster of man or horse, or who signs, or directs, or allows the signing of any muster roll, knowing the same to contain a false muster, shall, upon proof thereof by two witnesses, before a court-martial, be dismissed from the service, and shall thereby be disabled to hold any office or employment in the service of the United States.

ART. 15. Any officer who, willfully or through neglect, suffers to be lost, spoiled, or damaged, any military stores belonging to the United States, shali make good the loss or damage, and be dismissed from the service.

ART. 16. Any enlisted man who sells, or willfully or through neglect wastes the ammunition delivered out to him, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.