the Federal authorities. During the civil war he was counsel for the Western Pacific Railroad Company, and spent much time in New York, San Francisco, and Paris. In 1876 he was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention that nominated Samuel J. Tilden, and also a State Senator; in 1878 and 1880 he was again elected to Congress; in 1883 was elected Governor of Maryland; and in 1885-'89 was United States minister to France. McReynolds, Andrew Thomas, soldier, born in Dungannon, Ireland, Dec. 25, 1806; died in Muskegon, Mich., Nov. 25, 1898. He came to the United States in 1830; lived for a time in Pittsburg, and, in 1833, removed to Detroit. In 1834 he served as major on the staff of Gen. Williams in the Toledo war, and was one of the organizers of the Brady Guards of Detroit. In 1838 he was elected alderman of Detroit; in 1839 was a delegate to the Whig National Convention at Harrisburg; and in 1840 was a representative in the Michigan Legislature. In the same year he was chosen the first captain of the Montgomery Guards, and he was also colonel of the 1st Michigan Militia from 1840 till 1851. From 1842 till 1845 he was Indian agent for Michigan, and in 1846-47 was State Senator from Detroit. He was commissioned a captain in the 1st United States Dragoons in March, 1847, and served in the Mexican War under Gen. Scott. He was first president of the Detroit Board of Education in 1852; prosecuting attorney of Wayne County in 1853-55; and candidate for circuit judge in 1857. He organized the first regiment of cavalry in the civil war (the Lincoln Cavalry), and was commissioned its colonel June 14, 1861. Subsequently he was in command of a brigade for two years, and of a division six months, and was honorably discharged Aug. 22, 1864. He removed to Grand Rapids in 1866, served as United States district attorney for western Michigan from 1866 till 1868, and was prosecuting attorney of Muskegon County from 1874 till 1876. Gen. McReynolds was for years president of the Michigan Mexican Veteran Association, and at one time was department commander, Department of Michigan, G. A. R.

Mallon, Isabel Allerdice (known as Bab and Ruth Ashmore), author, born in Baltimore, Md., July 13, 1857; died in New York city, Dec. 27, 1898. She was a member of the Sloan family of Harford County, Md., and at the age of sixteen married William T. Mallon, of Baltimore. With her husband she spent some years abroad, and at his death, obliged to support herself, she became a newspaper correspondent. In 1888 she began writing the "Bab" letters, which were widely copied and later were syndicated to various papers. She continued writing them till a few weeks before her final illness. Under the name of Ruth Ashmore she wrote a series of letters, entitled "Side Talks with Girls," for the "Ladies' Home Journal." A collection of these letters was published in book form in 1895. Just before her last illness she finished another book, "The Business Girl in Every Phase of Life" (1898).

Marcou, Jules, geologist, born in Salins, Jura, France, April 20, 1824; died in Cambridge, Mass., April 17, 1898. He was educated at the College of Besançon and that of St. Louis in Paris, and acquired a fondness for natural science while traveling in Switzerland for his health. Here he became acquainted with Jules Thurmann, whom later he assisted in the geological survey of the Jura mountains, and while engaged in this work he met the late Louis Agassiz. In 1846 he was appointed assistant in the mineralogical department of the Sorbonne, and also made a classification of fossils, and in 1847 was made traveling geologist for the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. Under the last commission

he first came to the United States, and accompanied Prof. Agassiz on his trip to the Lake Superior region in 1848. After six months of exploration he went to Cambridge, Mass., where he classified and sent to Paris a valuable collection of minerals. The year 1849 he spent in studying the geology of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, the Mammoth Cave, and the provinces of Canada. He returned to Europe in 1850, but was soon again settled in Cambridge. Entering the service of the United States in 1853, he was the first geologist that crossed the country, and made a section map of the thirtyfifth parallel from the Mississippi river to the Pacific Ocean. Impaired health led him to revisit Europe, and during 1855-59 he was Professor of Geology in the Zurich Polytechnic School. In 1861 he returned to Cambridge, where he was associated with Prof. Agassiz in founding the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in which he took charge of the division of paleontology for three years. From 1864 till 1875, when he re-entered the service of the Government, he applied himself closely to scientific research. He remained in the Government service till within a few years of his death. Besides many scientific memoirs and papers on the Taconic system of New York, he published "Recherches géologiques sur la Jura Salinois" (Paris, 1848): “Geological Map of the United States and British Provinces of North America" (2 vols., Boston, 1853); "Geology of North America" (Zurich, 1858): "Geological Map of the World" (Winterthur, 1861; 2d ed.. Zurich, 1875); "Origin of the Name America" (Boston, 1875; Paris, 1887); “ First Discoveries of California, and the Origin of its Name" (Washington, 1878); and "A Catalogue of Geological Maps of America" (Washington, 1884).

Marsland, Edward, engineer, born in New Castle, Westchester County, N. Y., Oct. 5, 1829; died in Sing Sing, N. Y., June 25, 1898. He entered the Allaire Iron Works, in New York city, as an apprentice in 1847, and four years afterward engaged with the Collins line of steamships, rising to the rank of first assistant engineer in a service of six and a half years. Early in 1858 he was selected as second engineer to go out on the Russian steam corvette "Japanese," which had been built by William H. Webb in New York. On arriving with the vessel at Nikolaefsk, on the Amoor river, he was asked to enter the service of the Russian Government, and was commissioned chief engineer of the "Japanese." Subsequently he was placed in charge of some complicated machinery at Nikolaefsk, and was promoted to the rank of fleet engineer of the Russian squadron in Chinese waters. In August, 1860, he resigned his Russian commission and was given hearty testimonials of his professional skill and personal character. On returning to New York he was appointed chief engineer of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. In August, 1861, he offered his services to the United States Government, and was appointed first assistant engineer in the navy. He was assigned to the "Unadilla," the first gunboat placed in commission for the war. Impaired health caused his retirement from the navy after a service of three years, and he resumed connection with the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. Later he took the Italian frigate " Redon Luigi de Poetogallo" to Italy and the ironclad ram Dunderberg," which the United States had sold to France. to Cherbourg. He then entered the United States Engineer Corps, prepared the plans and specifications of the dredge boat "General McAllister," superintended her construction in New York, and took her to New Orleans, where he spent two years in Mississippi jetty work. He resigned from the Engineer Corps to become superintending engineer of the Roach shipyard at Chester, Pa., where he

remained three years. After this service he was employed professionally in New York city. Mason, Edwin C., military officer, born in Ohio, May 31, 1831: died in St. Paul, Minn., April 20, 1898. He was appointed a captain in the 17th United States Infantry from civil life, May 14, 1861; was transferred to the 35th Infantry, Sept. 21, 1866; and to the 20th Infantry, Oct. 14, 1869; was promoted major, 21st Infantry, Sept. 5, 1871; lieutenant colonel, 4th Infantry, May 19, 1881; and colonel, 3d Infantry, April 24, 1888; and was retired May 31, 1895. In the volunteer service he was appointed a captain in the 2d Ohio Infantry, April 29, 1861, and was commissioned colonel of the 7th Maine Infantry, Aug. 22, 1861, and of the 176th Ohio Infantry, Sept. 23, 1864. He was brevetted major, Dec. 13, 1862, for gallantry at Fredericksburg; lieutenant colonel, May 6, 1864, for the battle of the Wilderness; colonel, May 10 following, for Spottsylvania; brigadier general of volunteers, June 3, 1865, for faithful services during the war; and brigadier general United States army, Feb. 27, 1890, for services in action against the Indians in the lava beds, Cal., April 17, 1873, and at Clearwater, Idaho, July 11, 12, 1877.

Massett, Stephen, author and actor, born in London, England, in 1820; died in New York city, Aug. 22, 1898. He came to America in 1837 on a sailing vessel, and made his début as an actor in Buffalo, N. Y. In 1841 he was engaged for singing parts in the drama by the manager of the Charleston, S. C., Theater, where he quickly won popularity both as an actor and as a good ballad singer. His singing of "The Light of Other Days" and "Oh, would I were a Boy again" were especially admired. After one season in Charleston, where he had played under the name of Stephens, he was engaged for Mitchell's Olympic Theater, and made his first appearance, under the name of Mr. Raymond, as the count in the opera of Amalie," Oct. 2, 1842. In the summer of 1843 he made a voyage to the Mediterranean, returning to Boston in 1844. The discovery of gold in California attracted him to that country, and in June, 1849, he arrived in San Francisco. Here he inaugurated his career as an entertainer by giving a concert in a schoolhouse, June 22, 1849, the first public entertainment ever given in the city. He had for some time been engaged in writing humorous sketches for the press under the name of Jeems Pipes. He continued this work on the Pacific coast, and, having acquired some lots among the sand hills on the outskirts of the town, he built himself a shanty and gave his estate the name of Pipesville. He remained for several years on the Pacific coast, and made a small fortune by his amusing musical and humorous concerts. From California he made a tour of the world, going to Australia, India, and the Cape of Good Hope. He was well received in England, and made a great many friends in London. His wit and vivacious conversation made him a desirable acquisition to the best circles of literary and artistie life. He returned to the United States in the early '70's, and thenceforward made his home in New York, where he lived quietly in retirement. Even to his last days he continued his favorite work of song composition. He published his autobiography under the title "Drifting About" (New York, 1863).

Mather, Margaret, actress, born near Toronto, Canada, Oct. 21, 1859; died in Charlestown, W. Va., April 7, 1898. She was the daughter of a Scotch ship carpenter named John Finlayson, and took the name of her mother's family for professional use. Her childhood was passed in great poverty in Detroit, Mich., where her father and mother kept a sailor's boarding house, and where even as a

child she contributed to the meager income of the family by selling newspapers in the street. When twelve years old she attended a public school in New York city for a few months from the house of an elder sister. In 1877 she began to study for the stage, and filled an engagement with a traveling company under the name of Miss Bloomer. In 1878 she was engaged in the company supporting George Edgar, and made her first appearance therewith as Cordelia in "King Lear," in_ Providence, R. I., under the name of Margaret Mather. In June, 1881, she made the acquaintance of J. M. Hill, an enterprising manager, who, after witnessing her work, engaged her on a six-year contract, one of the conditions of which was that she was to retire from the stage and devote herself to study for a year at her manager's direction and expense. She spent that year in reading and preparation at the house of John Habberton, the author, near New York. On Aug. 28, 1882, Miss Mather made her début as a star under Mr. Hill's management as Juliet at McVicker's Theater, Chicago. Her success was rather the result of general curiosity than the effect of personal talents; it was some time before the crudeness of her methods became toned to smoothness of expression. After two seasons of touring, during which Miss Mather added Pauline in "The Lady of Lyons," Leah in "Leah the Forsaken," Juliana in "The Honeymoon," and Rosalind in "As You Like It," to her repertoire, Mr. Hill leased the Union Square Theater in New York city for the season of 1885-'86, and opened it on Oct. 13, 1885, with a sumptuous revival of "Romeo and Juliet,' with Miss Mather as Juliet. The play was kept on the stage there seventeen weeks, at a loss of $22,532.95 (according to Mr. Hill's subsequent testimony in court); but the investment was good, as the country for several seasons paid liberally to see what had infatuated New York-according to the advertisements. In January, 1886, Miss Mather played Leah at the Union Square, closing her engagement at that house in February with Juliana in The Honeymoon.' She then began a very profitable succession of engagements "on the road." On Feb. 15, 1887, in Buffalo, N. Y., she married Emil Haberkorn, a musician, leader of the orchestra at the Union Square Theater, in New York. She then continued her tours, sometimes under her husband's management, and again under that of others. On Jan. 1, 1889, she made her first appearance as Peg Woffington at Niblo's Garden, New York. The Columbus Theater, One Hundred and Twentyfifth Street, New York, was opened by her Oct. 11, 1890, with a performance of "Romeo and Juliet.' On Nov. 24, 1890, she first played Imogen in "Cymbeline" at the same house. An adaptation of Jules Barbier's "Jeanne d'Arc," which Bernhardt was then playing in Paris, was produced by her at the Fifth Avenue Theater, Dec. 8, 1890. Her performance of the heroic Joan did not satisfy the metropolitan taste, but she kept the play in her "road" repertoire. She married, on July 26, 1892, Gustave Pabst, son of a wealthy Milwaukee brewer. and on Dec. 10 of the same year retired from the stage to reside with her husband and his family in Milwaukee, She was divorced from Mr. Pabst in October, 1896, and in January, 1897, returned to the stage as Imogen in a fine production of "Cymbeline" at Wallack's Theater, New York. While playing that part, on the stage of the theater, she was stricken with her fatal illness.

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Matthews. Claude, politician, born in Bethel, Ky., Dec. 14, 1845; died in Indianapolis, Ind., Aug. 28, 1898. He was graduated at Center College, Danville, Ky., in 1867, and in 1869 went to Vermilion County, Ind., where he devoted his time to farming and cattle raising. He organized the first

Moebius, Bernard, metallurgist, born in Hartha, Saxony, in 1852; died at sea in May, 1898. He studied chemistry and metallurgy under the best German teachers, and was engaged in mining in Germany, Austria, Spain, and Mexico before settling in the United States, of which he became a citizen. In 1884 he discovered a method of extracting gold and silver from their ores by electricity, which he perfected in 1895. The electrolytic process of parting and refining the precious metals, which bears his name, is now in use in the United States, Mexico, and Europe.

Morrill, Justin Smith, Senator, born in Strafford, Vt., April 14, 1810; died in Washington, D. C., Dec. 28, 1898. His early life was spent on his father's farm, and he was educated in the common schools and academies near his home. He engaged in mercantile pursuits till 1848, when he turned his attention to agriculture. Without seeking a nomination, he was unanimously named for the national House of Representatives in 1854, and on Dec. 3, 1855, began his long career in Congress. He was re-elected for the five succeeding terms, and was then transferred to the Senate as a Republican, taking his seat March 4, 1867. From that time his service was continuous, and he had the longest unbroken term in the history of the Senate. For this reason he was known as "the Father of the Senate." In 1855 he delivered a speech in the House of Representatives in opposition to the admission of Kansas as a slave State. He opposed the tariff bill pending in 1857 because it failed to care properly for the agricultural interests; and in 1861 he came into national prominence through the Morrill tariff, a measure prepared largely by his own labors. At that time he was the leading working member of the Committee on Ways and Means and chairman of the Sub-Committee on Tariff and Taxation. When he became Senator, in 1867, he was almost immediately made a member of the Committee on Finance, and a few years later its chairman, which place he held until his death. He also served on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Education and Labor, Census, and Revolutionary Claims, and on the Select Committee on Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress. He took part in every important controversy over either tariffs or coinage, and his speeches against the remonetization of silver are noted. His literary labors were confined almost entirely to the preparation of bills and reports to be submitted to Congress. He published one book, however, "The Self-consciousness of Noted Persons" (1886). Senator Morrill was for years a trustee of the University of Vermont and the Vermont State Agricultural Society, and he received the degree of LL. D. in 1874. He also received the degree of M. A. from Dartmouth College in 1857, and LL. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1884.

Morse, Elijah Adams, manufacturer, born in South Bend, Ind., May 25, 1841; died in Canton, Mass., June 5, 1898. He was of New England ancestry, and when eleven years old accompanied his father to Massachusetts. He was educated in the public schools of Massachusetts and at Onondaga (N. Y.) Academy, and engaged in manufacturing in Canton. In 1860 he enlisted in the 4th Massachusetts Volunteers as a private. He served three months under Gen. Butler in Virginia and a year under Gen. Banks in Louisiana, and was taken prisoner at the capture of Brashear City, La. On returning home he resumed manufacturing. In 1876 he was elected to the State House of Representatives; in 1877 to the Governor's Council: in 1886 and 1887 to the State Senate; and in 1888, 1890, 1892, and 1894 to Congress as a Republican. Both in the Legislature and in Congress he earnestly

advocated the cause of free public schools, restriction of immigration, additional naturalization requirements, and safeguards for the ballot. (See GIFTS AND Bequests.)

Mueller, Louis, clergyman, born in Bavaria, Germany, March 23, 1819; died in Charleston, S. C., April 14, 1898. His father was a royal forester. The son received his preparatory training in the gymnasium of Zweibruecken, Bavaria, and in the University of Utrecht, Holland, where he became distinguished as a scholar. In 1842 he emigrated to New York and was licensed as a minister in the Lutheran Church. After serving congregations in New York and Brooklyn for six years, he was constrained by failing health to seek a milder climate and in February, 1848, he removed to Charleston, S. C., where he entered on his duties as pastor of the congregation which he served to the end of his life. He received the degree of D. D. from Newberry College, South Carolina. Dr. Mueller was a distinguished scholar, a critical master of the principles of music and art, and an eloquent speaker.

Mundweiler, Fenton, clergyman, born in Germany about 1828; died in St. Meinrad, Ind.. Feb. 14, 1898. He was educated and became a Roman Catholic priest in his native country, came to the United States soon after his ordination, and was first assigned to missionary work among the Germans of Kentucky and Indiana. When the late Bishop Martin Marty (see "Annual Cyclopædia for 1896) erected St. Meinrad's priory in Spencer County, Ind., in 1865, and was made its first superior. Father Mund weiler was one of several German and Swiss priests whom he gathered there. In 1870 St. Meinrad's was raised to the rank of an abbey, the priests connected with it were organized into the Helveto-American congregation, and Dr. Marty was appointed a mitred abbot. A few years later Dr. Marty resigned his office to engage in missionary work among the Sioux Indians, and Father Mundweiler was appointed his successor as abbot. The work that Dr. Marty had projected both for the abbey and for the theological seminary he had established in connection with it was earnestly taken up by his successor, and was carried forward till his death with large results.

Munger, Albert A., manufacturer, born in Chicago, Ill., in 1845; died in Mackinac, Mich., Aug. 27, 1898. The system of elevators known as the Munger-Wheeler system was begun by his father, and he himself continued to operate them till 1890. He was a patron of the Art Institute of Chicago, and his pictures, which were on exhibition there at the time of his death, were valued at $300,000. One of them, "The Bathers," by Bougereau, which was Mr. Munger's favorite, cost $28,000. Another wellknown painting is "The Vidette," by Meissonier, which cost $36,000. Munkacsy's "The Wrestler's Challenge" and Gérôme's "The Grief of the Pasha" are also in the collection, which by Mr. Munger's will was bequeathed to the Art Institute. (See GIFTS AND BEQUESTS.)

Nash, Stephen Payn, lawyer, born in Albany, N. Y., Aug. 26, 1821; died in Bernardsville, N. J., June 4, 1898. He was a descendant of Thomas Nash, one of the original settlers of New Haven, Conn., and was educated at the Albany Academy and the French College at Chambly, Canada. He studied law in Saratoga, and assisted Judge Cowen and Nicholas Hill in their work in the voluminous "Cowen and Hills Notes to Phillips's Evidence." He was admitted to the bar in January, 1843, and returned to Albany to become a partner of Mr. Hill, then State reporter, whom he assisted in the later volumes of his reports. Two years afterward he settled in New York city. During his long profes

sional career he particularly distinguished himself in equity cases. He also became an expert on laws affecting religious corporations. Mr. Nash was a trustee of Columbia University and of the General Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, a former president of the New York Law Institute and of the Association of the Bar of New York city.

Neafie, Jacob G., manufacturer, born in Monmouth County, N. J., Dec. 25, 1815; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 16, 1898. In early life he went to New York city, where he acquired his education and business training. At the time of his death he was president of the Neafie and Levy Ship and Engine Building Company. Despite his age he continued to direct his extensive business till within a few days of his death. The firm operates a large plant on Delaware river, in Philadelphia, which was established in 1844 as the Penn Iron Works. During the Mexican War the firm built vessels for the Government, and during the civil war it constructed the engines for 120 naval vessels, some of them the largest in the service. (See GIFTS and BEQUESTS.) Newton, George Baxter, benefactor, born in West Hartford, Vt., Sept. 10, 1833; died in Tarrytown, N. Y., Feb. 11, 1898. In his infancy he was taken by his parents to Norwich, Vt., where he acquired his early education and began working. In 1851 he settled in Mauch Chunk, Pa., and engaged in coal mining. Two years afterward he removed to Philadelphia, and he continued in the anthracite coal business for thirty-six years, a large part of the time in association with the late Asa Packer. After retiring from business he established an elegant estate in Tarrytown. Among all the charitable and philanthropic objects of his aid his largest interest was in the Tarrytown Public Hospital, which he founded several years ago, and of which he was president. Every day he went to the hospital, visited each ward, and personally looked after the comfort of the inmates.

Northrop, Birdsey Grant, educator, born in Kent, Conn., July 18, 1817; died in Clinton, Conn., April 27, 1898. He was graduated at Yale in 1841, and at its divinity school four years later, and was ordained in the Congregational Church in Saxonville, Mass., in 1847. In 1857 he became agent of the Massachusetts State Board of Education, and in 1866 secretary of the Board of Education of Connecticut. While holding the last office he was intimately connected with the movement for furnishing an American education to Chinese and Japanese youth who were sent to the United States. When seventy-eight years old he went to Japan, where he was received with special honor and witnessed the outgrowth of his efforts. During the last years of his secretaryship he gave much time to village improvement and ornamental tree planting, and after his retirement from the office in 1882 he applied himself with enthusiasm to the promotion of these interests throughout the country. He originated and introduced the observance of Arbor Day in the schools, and was widely known as the Father of Village Improvement Societies." In 1863-64 he was a member of the Board of Visitors to the United States Military Academy; in 1864 '66 was president of the American Institute of Instruction; in 1866, president of the National Association of School Superintendents; and in 1873, president of the National Educational Association. It was also through his efforts that the late Daniel Hand, of Guilford, Conn., gave the American Missionary Association $1,500,000 for the benefit of the freedmen. Williams College gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1872.

O'Brien, Veronica (Mother HIERONYMO), born in Washington, D. C., April 19, 1819; died in Roches

ter, N. Y., Jan. 30, 1898. She entered the order of the Sisters of Charity at Emmittsburg, Md., at the age of twenty-two. In 1843 she began mission work in Pittsburg, was later sent on a mission to Norfolk, W. Va., and went to Buffalo, N. Y., to care for victims of the ship fever in 1856. She went to Rochester, N. Y., in 1857 and opened a hospital in a tworoom cottage, caring for many cases of typhoid fever. When the civil war began the quarters were enlarged, and 700 soldiers were there at a time, thousands in all receiving her care. From this grew the present St. Mary's Hospital, which was completed in 1865. Mother Hieronymo was sent on a mission to New Orleans in 1870, in 1871 returned to Rochester to Nazareth Convent, and soon afterward became Superior of St. Patrick's Orphan Girl's Asylum, where she remained till June, 1873. With the help of generous friends she established in that city a Home of Industry for young girls, where they might learn housework and receive a good Catholic education, and through her efforts a wellappointed building was erected for this purpose in 1888. Here she established an employment bureau, where no fee was charged those applying for situations, and all who were sent out had received careful training. Many young women working in the city whose homes were out of town boarded at the home, where their welfare and their pleasures were alike looked after. Mother Hieronymo was widely known and beloved by those of every creed. It was said that her only fault was that she gave credence to any who told of misery or want. A large company of those who had received benefits or admired her disinterested philanthropy assembled at her funeral.

Osborn, Thomas A., diplomatist, born in Meadville, Pa., Oct. 26, 1836; died there, Feb. 4, 1898. He received a common-school education, learned the printer's trade, studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Pontiac, Mich., in 1857. Removing to Topeka, Kan., to practice, he was elected attorney of Doniphan County in 1858, State Senator in 1859, President of the Senate and Lieutenant Governor of the State in 1862, and Governor in 1872 and 1874. He was also United States Marshal in 1864-'66. In May, 1877, he was appointed United States minister to Chili, where he served four years and conducted important negotiations between various South American gov ernments. On the expiration of his term he was appointed minister to Brazil, and he served there another four years. For special services to the empire, he received from the Emperor the highest honor that could be conferred on a foreigner, the Grand Cross of the Order of the Rose.

Packard, Silas Sadler, educator, born in Cummington, Mass., April 28, 1826; died in New York city, Oct. 10, 1898. In 1833 he removed with his father to Ohio, and at the age of twelve he began to teach, first in Ohio and then in Kentucky. A part of his work was the painting of portraits. In 1848'51 he was a teacher of penmanship in Cincinnati, He taught writing, bookkeeping, and drawing in Lockport, N. Y., in 1851-53. In the latter year he founded the "Niagara River Pilot," in Tonawanda, N. Y., and conducted it till 1856, when he became associated with the business college of Bryant & Stratton in Buffalo. After a brief engagement in Chicago he began his work in New York city in 1858, by establishing a business college in connection with Bryant & Stratton. In 1859-60 he prepared a series of text-books on bookkeeping, which were considered standard works. More recently he published "The Packard Manual of Bookkeep ing and Correspondence" and "The Packard Arithmetic." His scheme of instruction was copied by the business schools in Paris, Rouen, and Antwerp.