VIII. ON PRONOUNS. 1. Every animal has its distinct character, or somed characteristic feature which we exclusively and especially attribute3 to it. i 2. Give every man his own." 3. Germany did not possess a second man like" Luther, and no other nation of modern times" has his like to show.e 4. He is mischievous who rejoices at the loss d which another has sustained.e a с 5. All the countries inhabited by Germans on the left of the Rhine had been incorporated into the Romand Empire, and the same fates threatened also those between the Elbe and Rhine. h с 1. a jeder, e, es. b bestimmt. Character, m. dirgend ein. ef characteristic feature Characterzug, m. welcher or der. b 2. jeder. my own is das Meine or das Meinige. ausschließ= 3. a wie. bno other fein andrer, keine andre, kein andres. say, of the modern neuer. d take the singul. my like is in German a Genitive, meines Gleichen, which means of my like, from the Nominative mein Gleiches my like, my equal. 4. he who is a) derjenige welcher when it refers to a certain individual, but b) when it refers to mankind in general, he is not translated, and who is expressed by wer. bfchadenfroh. fich freuen über, Acc. a Schaden, m. e leiden. d e с с das linke Ufer. ein= derselbe, dieselbe, dasselbe. «Schick 5. say, which were inhabited bewohnen. schließen. römisch. Herrschaft. fal, n. drohen with Dat. ider, die, das, Pron. Demonstr., which is used to avoid the repetition of a Substantive before mentioned. j die Elbe. 6. The hair of queen Christina of Sweden was her greatest ornament, but she bestowed no care upon it. 7. We are all creatures a of the same God. a с d 8. Humble is he who regards all his gifts as voluntary and undeserved' presents & from the hand of Providence.i g b 9. Only those animals speak by signs, to wich d living sound has been denied. e d 10. The tongue even of some birds is formed to be able to repeat human words, the sense of which they however do not comprehend.h 11. Do you know the name of that a man, whose heroismb consisted in the bold confessiond of truth, whose sword was the word, whose armours his confidence in God, whose pride his poverty *? 12. There are great countries on the earth, in which the weather is, the whole year through, so mild, or a b с e 6. Haar, n. say, of the. Schmuck, m. a verwenden. Sorgfalt, f. fmark, when the pronouns der, die, das, or er, fie, es, are joined in their neuters to prepositions, they are changed into the Adv. da, and placed before the proposit., and when the latter begins with a vowel an r is inserted, as durch das, dadurch; auf das, darauf. 7. a Geschöpf, n. (pl.—e). с 8. a bescheiden. bcf. note 4a. Betrachten. funverdient. a Gabe f. e freiwillig. i с 9. a derjenige or der. durch. Zeichen, n. a welcher order; the latter, a relative Pronoun, has dessen, deren, dessen in Gen. Sing.; deren in Gen. Pl., and denen in Dat. Pl. lebendig. Laut, m. versagen. fof 10. a Zunge, f. schon. machen. ahersagen. Sinn, m. which is to be put before the sense, and the article, of course, omitted. Doch. begreifen. h f b 11. ajener. Heldenthum, n. kühn. a Bekenntniß, n. e Wahrheit. 1 Schwert, n. «Rüftung. hi Gottvertrauen, n. ¡Stolz, m. *Armuth, f. 12. a es giebt with Acc. Witterung. hindurch. b с k perhaps even hot, that their inhabitants need neither fuel, nor buildings', nor clothing as protection' against the frost.m 13. In the lives of most b men there are far more healthy days, than days, in which they are ill. b 14. There are far more years, in which the harvests thrive well, than of those in which we have to complain of real failure.g d с 15. Who often associates b with bad men, him wed shall soon take for their companion. a 16. He who knows from experience what illness d is, knows and feels the bliss of health far more vividlye than he who never was indisposed.h 17. Who in former times a suffered from want ofd the necessities of life, him the enjoyment of his present prosperity renders far more happy than a mani who from his youth up has lived in abundance.* f 1 h i dauch wohl. heiß. Bewohner. bedürfen. Feuerung. Gebäude, n. j Kleidung. zu with the Def. article. Schuß, m. mFrost, m. 13. Take the Singular. die allermeisten. To be expressed with sein. Take the Genitive. 14. a Cf. Note 12 a. b с Frucht. gerathen. aflagen. eüber, A. fcigentlich. & Mißwachs, m. 15. a Cf. Note 4a. bumgehen. eder, and mark, this Pronoun demonstrative, when standing after wer, can be omitted; but only, when both occur in the Nominative case. dexpress by one man. ehalten. f Gesell, m. (Gen.—en). a b d 16. a aus. Erfahrung. ©what as the Pronoun of the direct or indirect question is always mas. Kranksein. e Glück, n. Gesundheit. lebhaft. unpaß. h с h 17. ehemals. bleiden to suffer from, Perfect. c Mangel. dan, Dat. Lebensbedürfniß, n. (pl.—e). Genuß, m. «jezig. a Wohlstand, m. (Gen.—es). derjenige. von Jugend auf. Ueberfluß, m. (Gen.—cs). k с b 18. Among millions of human beings there is perhaps only a single person who is able so to exert his mind that it yields all that it can yield. 19. The idea of that which the world requires e was early formed in the mind of Göthe. 20. "Thou art", said Solon to rich; but that which thou askest d с Croesus, "mightily a of me I cannot tell thee till I have first learned that thou hast happily reached the end of thy life." с a 21. King Conrad the Second established a peace b in Germany, such as was unknown to that extent since immemorable times. a f 22. That is the most open", instructive, and unreserved discourse which passes between two persons who are familiars and intimate friends. 23. The best a father is heb who teaches his children what is good and just. b 18. unter. Mensch, m. (Gen.-en.) einzig, in masculine. d anstrengen. ehergeben. faller, e, es. g the relative that, when referring to something general, is either das or was. 19. Vorstellung. von. ebedürfen. d take the reflective form, sich bilden. in the mind of express through bei. a e b 20. gewaltig. which is, according to note 185, das or was; now, to ask is fragen um, and it is to be observed, that when a relative neuter is combined with a Preposition, the Pronoun is changed into the relative Adverbs da or wo, and put before the Preposition, as durch was, wodurch, dadurch. When the Preposition begins with a vowel, an r is inserted, as aus was, woraus; however, before um it is not wo, but wa, and um was is warum or darum. efragen, with Accusative of the person. say, not. e erfahren, n. Ende, n. d b 21. a befestigen. Friede, m. wie er, wie sie, wie es. take the Perfect. unbekannt. fin. Ausdehnung. hundenklich. 22. a that when an indefinite subject is das. boffenherzig. lehrreich. dzutraulich. Unterhaltung. Statt finden. say, hearty bosom friends. f 23. abest. turn it so, that is the best father, and cf. Note 22a. 24. The lark, in the corn-fields, raises and with it she rises d a b her song, high in the air up to the clouds. 25. The cultivation of one's own ground creates and strengthens the attachment towards it." e b 26. People can lessen many an evil, when a numberd of them, with united' energy, struggle against it.i 27. Every untractable a man, at variance with fortune, wreaks here injuries on his own heart. a f e 28. I am more afraid of my virtues than of my errors; the first easily mislead latter teach me humility." me to pride, the с 29. The object of an idyllic poem is always the situation, that of an epic, the actions of a man; the first is always descriptiveh, the latter thoroughly1 narrative. 24. a erheben. Lied, n. derselbe, for it is to be remarked, that the cases of es it are not used when a Preposition precedes, and the compound Pronoun demonstrative derselbe is used instead. asich selbst erheben. take the plural. fbis an, Acc. 25. a Anbau, m. d bsay, the. Boden, m. erzeugen. everstärken. Liebe, f. say, towards the same. de g 26. aplural of der Mensch. Þvermindern. ©mancher, e, es, many a. say, many of them, and put of them before many. fvereinigt. Kraft, f., and take the plural. harbeiten. icf. Note 6o. 27. störrisch. bzerfallen. in German sein, because Glück с Glück, n. drächen. eher would be is neuter; this would be equivocal, since it might be referred to man. In such cases, the Pronouns Possessive his, her, its, their, are changed for the genitive of the Domonstrative Pronoun der, die, das. Unbilde, f. san, Dat. 28. a fich fürchten. bvor, Dat. Fehler, m. d the Pronouns dieser and jener are used to express the latter and the first. e verleiten. fStolz, m. Demuth, f. 29. a Gegenstand, m. bidyllisch. Note 5i. с d Gedicht, n. Zustand, m. e cf. fepisch. Handlung. beschreibend. durchaus. Jerzählend. g h |