Professor Smyth occupied for nearly half a century the important chair of Modern History in Cambridge, and was eminently successful as a teacher. It was his merit to guide and shape the historical studies of many generations of young men, who were thus taught to love and esteem him. The influence which he thereby wielded in the political spheres of England was very great. He was called "the pet of successive generations of English statesmen." His published Lectures are an admirable collection of suggestive ideas and correct judgments, as well as of scholarly research.

Sir Harris Nicolas.

SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS NICOLAS, 1799-1848, a native of Wales, was distinguished for his antiquarian researches.

He was intended for the navy, and appointed lieutenant, but abandoned the service for the law. His contributions to English archæology and to the study of early English literature are very numerous and valuable. Among those of interest to the general reader are the Notitia Historiæ, (the tabular extract from which was separately published under the title of the Chronology of History,) and the Battle of Agincourt. Sir Nicholas was also the author of Lives of Chaucer, Wyatt, Surrey, and several ther poets, prefixed to Pickering's Aldine Edition of their works. He began but did not finish A History of the British Navy. One of his most celebrated works is A History of the Orders of Knighthood of the British Empire.

HENRY JOHN TODD, lexicographer.

1845, was a prominent antiquarian and

Todd studied at Hertford College, and took orders in the Church of England. He is chiefly known by his edition of Johnson's Dictionary, published 1814-1818, which has been taken as the basis of Latham's work, recently completed. In addition to this, Todd is the author of The Life and Writings of Milton, contained in his edition of that writer's works; of Memoirs of Walton, Bishop of Chester; and of several controversial pamphlets on the authorship of Eikon Basilike. He considers Bishop Gauden the author. He also contributed some observations on the Metrical Versions of the Psalms, and on the authorized translation of the Bible, with many other miscellaneous works.

Lord Campbell.

JOHN, LORD CAMPBELL, 1779-1861, was a native of Scotland, and a son of Dr. George Campbell, the author of Philosophy of Rhetoric,

etc.

Lord Campbell attained great eminence as a lawyer and a statesman; was raised to the peerage, and made Lord Chancellor of England. He wrote The Lives of the Lord Chancellors, 7 vols., 8vo, and The Lives of the Chief Justices, 3 vols., besides several volumes of Law Reports. His Lives of the Chancellors and of the Chief Justices are regarded as of great historical value, besides being written in a pleasing and attractive style. "No one possesses better than Lord Campbell the art of telling a story; of passing one that is common-place; of merely suggesting what may be inferred; of explaining what is obscure; and of placing in strong light what is interesting."Ed. Review.

JOHN BRITTON, 1771-1857, was very eminent as an antiquarian.

His works are exceedingly numerous, 87 in all; a large proportion of them are superb quartos with costly engravings, by artists of celebrity, exhibiting the cathedral and other antiquities of England. "Mr. Britton is not a man of marked originality or great mental power; but, as a careful and diligent writer in a branch of literature which had been cultivated chiefly by minute antiquarians, he did excellent service in calling the attention of the educated public to the long neglected topographical and architectural antiquities of England; there can be little doubt that his elegantly illustrated works have been a chief exciting cause in bringing about the improved state of public feeling with reference to our national antiquities.” . Knight.

JOHN BURKE, 1786-1848, and BERNARD BURKE, father and son, are the authors of several works on genealogy.

These writers are, in Great Britain, the acknowledged authority on all subjects connected with family descent, and some of their works are enlivened with authentic anecdotes of a very entertaining kind, in regard to most of the ancient families in Great Britain. Works: Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire; The Extinct, Dormant, and Suspended Peerage; Knightage of Great Britain; Royal Families of Great Britain; Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders' Kin; Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the London Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland; Armory of Great Britain and Ireland; Heraldic Illustrations; Portrait Gallery of French Nobility; Anecdotes of the Aristocracy; Family Romance, etc., etc.

FRANCIS DOUCE, 1757-1834, was an antiquarian of great learning and exactness, and for some time keeper of the MSS. in the British Museum.

Mr. Douce published Illustrations of Shakespeare, 2 vols., 8vo; also, Dissertation on The Dance of Death. Dibdin and other competent critics are loud in their praises of Mr. Douce's work on Shakespeare. But Mr. Douce was so put out by a savage criticism in the Edinburgh Review, that he placed in a sealed box all his valuable MSS., and ordered them to be kept unopened in the British Museum till the year 1900.

THOMAS DUDLY FOSBROOKE, 1770–1842, was a clergyman of the Church of England, and an antiquary of good repute.

Fosbrooke investigated particularly the early monastic life in England. His works are: On British Monachism, or Manners and Customs of the Monks and Nuns of England, 4to; The Economy of Monastic Life as it existed in England, a Poem, with Philosophical and Archæological Illustrations, 4to; Encyclopædia of Antiquities and Elements of Archæology, 2 vols., 4to; Treatise on Arts, Manners, Manufactures, and Institutions of the Romans; also various histories of particular localities or counties.

HENRY G. KNIGHT, M. P., 1786-1846, gave much time to antiquarian researches, and also to literary pursuits.

His chief publications are the following: Architectural Tour in Normandy; The Normans in Sicily; Saracenic and Norman Remains; Ecclesiastical Architecture of Italy; Hannibal in Bithynia, a Dramatic Poem; Tour in Spain; Europa Rediviva, a Poem; Ilderim, a Syrian Tale, in 4 cantos; Phrosyne, a Grecian Tale; Alashtar, an Arabian Tale; Eastern Sketches in Verse, etc.

SAMUEL WELLER SINGER, 1783-1858, was a well-known English antiquary and editor of rare works. Among his editions are Fairfax's Tasso, Sir Thomas More's Life of Richard III., Cavendish's Wolsey, etc. Mr. Singer published also two works of his own, entitled Some Account of the Book printed at Oxford in 1468, and Researches into the History of Playing-Cards.

Dibdin.

THOMAS F. DIBDIN, D. D., 1776–1847, was the prince of bibliographers.

Dr. Dibdin was nephew to the famous writer of Sea Songs, Charles Dibdin, and son of Captain Thomas Dibdin, the one celebrated in the song, " Poor Tom Bowling, the Darling of our Crew," written by Charles Dibdin, senior. Dr. Dibdin was born in Calcutta, and, being left an orphan at the early age of four, was sent to England to be educated, He selected at first the profession of law, but afterwards took orders in the church. He is especially celebrated for his bibliographical works. By his writings and publications in this line he contributed largely to the extensive bibliomania which prevailed in England in the early part of the present century.

Works.- Dr. Dibdin's first publication of much note was Bibliomania, issued in 1809. He next undertook a new and improved edition of Ames's Typographical Antiquities of Great Britain. He originated the idea of the Roxburghe Club, devoted to bibliography, and became its Vice-President. He prepared and published The Bibliotheca Spenceriana, a descriptive catalogue of the rare and curious books in the library of the Earl of Spencer. This work, with its supplements, extends to 7 vols., superroyal 8vo. In 1817, he published The Bibliographical Decameron, or Ten Days' Pleasant Discourse upon Illuminated Manuscripts, 3 vols., royal 8vo.

"The volumes exceed not only my expectation, but even my imagination. I could never have conceived any work so interesting for its decorations. It is surely without a rival in the whole history of typography." — D'Israeli.

"If the gods could read, they would never be without a copy of the Decameron in their pocket!"-G. H. Freeling. [N. B. Mr. Freeling's copy, enlarged with proofplates, etc., was in eleven portly volumes, which would have required rather a big pocket.]

A few years later, Dr. Dibdin made another book in the same line, A Bibliographical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Tour in France and Germany, 3 vols., 8vo. It was the fruit of nine months' exploration of the continental libraries, and the engravings alone cost £5000. Another work of the same kind, but not on such a magnificent scale of expenditure, was A Bibliographical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Tour in the Northern Counties of England and Scotland, 2 vols., 8vo. Besides these costly and luxurious works, Dr. Dibdin wrote several others of great value: Introduction to the Greek and Latin Classics; The Library Companion, a Guide in the selection of a Library; Bibliophobia; and Reminiscences of a Literary Life, 2 vols., 8vo, etc.

ROBERT WATT, M. D., 1774–1819, is known as the author of the Bibliotheca Britannica.

Dr. Watt was a native of Ayrshire, Scotland. He began life as a farm laborer, but worked his way up to high professional eminence. He graduated at Glasgow University; was admitted to practice in surgery and pharmacy; and became finally President

of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons at Glasgow. Besides several medical works, he prepared, in conjunction with his sons, the great work already named, Bibliotheca Britannica, or a General Index to British and Foreign Literature, 4 vols., 4to. The first two volumes contain the names of Authors, with a complete list of the works published by each. The last two volumes contain an alphabetical index of Subjects, with references to the authors and books where each is treated. It is a work of extraordinary value, and its preparation cost a prodigious amount of labor.

WILLIAM THOMAS LOWNDES, 1843, a bookseller of London, was noted as a bibliographer. Works: Bibliographer's Manual, 4 vols., 8vo; The British Librarian, not completed. He was a man very learned and useful in his line.

WILLIAM ORME, 1787-1830, a native of Falkirk, Scotland, and a minister of the Congregational Church, obtained much celebrity by his writings, particularly by those on biblical literature. His chief work is Bibliotheca Biblica, a Select List of Books on Sacred Literature, with Notices Biographical, Critical, and Bibliographical. Besides this work, which is a standard authority in its line, he wrote copious Memoirs of Owen, Baxter, and Urquhart; Memoirs of the Controversy respecting the Heavenly Witnesses, 1 John v. 7; and, in connection with W. A. Thomson, A History of the Translation and Circulation of the Scriptures.

JAMES DARLING, 1797-1862, a bookseller of London, turned to valuable account his long and extensive acquaintance with books. He published Cyclopædia Bibliographica, a Library Manual of Theological and General Literature, 2 vols. Vol. 1 contains Authors and their works, alphabetically arranged; Vol. 2 contains an index of Subjects, referring to the authors and the works where each subject is discussed. The publication is one of uncommon accuracy and value. In theological literature it is particularly rich and full.

Sir John Barrow.

SIR JOHN BARROW, 1764-1848, is distinguished by his excellent accounts of travels and voyages.

Barrow was for forty years Under-Secretary to the Admiralty, and in that position had good opportunities for becoming acquainted with the results of geographical exploration, and also for assisting in planning and fitting out voyages of discovery. He was for a long time President of the Geographical Society. His principal publications were: Travels into the Interior of Africa, 2 vols., 4to; Travels in China, 4to; A Voyage to Cochin China, 4to; Life and Selections from the Unpublished Writings of Lord Macartney, 2 vols., 4to; History of Voyages to the Polar Regions, 8vo; Life of Lord Howe, 8vo; Life of Lord Anson, with an Outline of his Voyage Round the World, 8vo; Life, Voyages, and Exploits of Admiral Sir Francis Drake; Autobiography, 8vo.

JOHN BARROW, JR., son of Sir John Barrow, like his father, was a writer of voyages and travels. His chief publications, extending from 1835 to 1840, are the following: Memoirs of Sir John Barrow; Excursions in the North of Europe; Visit to Iceland; Tour Round Ireland; Tour in Austrian Lombardy. "Mr. Barrow's volume is shrewd and lively; his eyes are sharp, and what he sees he never fails to place in a clear and entertaining manner before us."- London Quarterly Review.

SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM BEECHEY, 1796-1856, was a distinguished English navigator

and explorer, whose published accounts of his observations form a valuable contribution to this interesting department of literature. They are Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait, 2 vols., 4to; Expedition to the Northern Coasts of Africa, 4to; A Voyage of Discovery towards the North Isle, 8vo.

CAPT. SIR EDWARD BELCHER, 1799, was a distinguished English navigator, and a contributor to the literature of the subject. Works: Voyage Round the World, 2 vols., 8vo; Voyage to the Eastern Archipelago, 2 vols., 8vo; The Last of the Arctic Voyages, 2 vols., 8vo.

Sir John Franklin.

SIR JOHN FRANKLIN, 1786-1847, a distinguished British navigator, perished in the frozen ocean near the north pole, in the attempt to make a northwest passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Before making his last fatal voyage, Franklin had made two others, the accounts of which were published, and constitute a part of the literature of this most interesting subject. They are Captain John Franklin's Narrative of a Journey to the North Polar Sea, 1819-22, 4to; Capt. John Franklin's Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea, 1825-27, 4to.

JAMES BAILLIE FRASER, 1783-1856, a native of Scotland, spent several years in wild adventure as a traveller in remote regions of Asia, and on his return home published an account of his travels in a series of exceedingly interesting volumes.

Works: Journal of a Tour through part of the Snowy Range of the Himalaya Mountains, 1820, 4to; Journey into Khorasan, 1821-22, 4to; Travels and Adventures in the Persian Provinces on the Southern Banks of the Caspian Sea, 1826, 4to; A Winter Journey from Constantinople to Tehran, in 1838, 2 vols., 8vo; Travels in Koordistan and Mesopotamia, in 1840, 2 vols., 8vo. Mr. Fraser published also a number of romances founded on his oriental experiences.

Capt. Hall.

CAPT. BASIL HALL, R. N., 1788-1844, a native of Edinburgh, was a writer of voyages and travels which had extensive circulation.

Hall entered the navy at the age of fourteen, and was in active service in many parts of the globe. His works are the following: Voyage to the West Coast of Corea; Travels in America; Journal on the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico; Fragments of Voyages and Travels; Occasional Poems, and Miscellanies, etc. Captain Hall's "Travels in America" produced at the time a great deal of irritation in the United States.

JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM, 1786-1855, was a man of no little celebrity as a writer, lecturer, traveller, and advocate of social reforms.

He was a Member of Parliament, and while there made earnest efforts for legislation against drunkenness, and other social and political evils. His chief works, however, are Travels, as follows: In Palestine, 2 vols.; Among the Arab Tribes, 4to; In Meso