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shipwreck and his discovery of certain islands in the Caribbean Sea. Like De Foe's Account of the Plague, it was a complete fiction, and yet so like a veritable narrative as to mystify completely both readers and reviewers.

Thaddeus of Warsaw and the Scottish Chiefs are as widely known as any books of their class in the language. They are read by every school-boy and school-girl in the sentimental period of life, and call forth a perennial outburst of tears or enthusiasm. Neither work is distinguished for historical accuracy or profound insight into human nature. Yet the two are unique, and will be read and enjoyed by each successive generation of youth by reason of their sweet style and sentiment. The Scottish Chiefs suggested to Sir Walter Scott the idea of his Waverly Novels; Miss Porter, then, may claim the honor of having led the way to the great field of historical novel-writing. Besides these principal works, Miss Porter was associated with her sister, Anna Maria Porter, in several publications, and also contributed largely to the magazines.

ANNA MARIA PORTER, 1780-1832, sister of the more celebrated Jane Porter, was the author of many popular stories and novels, the best of which perhaps are the Hungarian Brothers, Lake of Killarney, Don Sebastian, Fast of St. Magdalen. She was also associated with her sister in publishing the series known as Tales Round a Winter's Hearth.

SIR ROBERT KER PORTER, 1780-1842, was a younger brother of Miss Jane Porter. Sir Robert began his studies in painting under Benjamin West, and rose to distinction, being appointed historical painter to the Emperor of Russia. Among his celebrated battle-pieces are The Storming of Seringapatam. The Siege of Acre, The Death of Sir Ralph Abercromby, etc. He accompanied Sir John Moore's disastrous expedition, travelled extensively in the East, and was for a number of years British consul in South America. Besides his paintings, Sir Robert is the author of several works of travel in Sweden, Russia, Portugal, Spain, a sketch of the French campaign in Russia, and travels in Georgia, etc. These volumes do not appear to possess any special merit of style, and the information they impart is not always new or valuable.

Miss Pardoe.

MISS JULIA PARDOE, 1808-1862, daughter of an English officer, travelled extensively, and wrote a number of sketches and tales which were favorably received.

Among Miss Pardoe's prominent works are Traits and Traditions of Portugal, The City of the Magyar, The City of the Sultan, The Romance of the Harem, all based upon her own personal observations in travel. She also published several novels, Reginald Lyle, The Jealous Wife, The Rival Beauties, and others, as well as numerous historical sketches, The Court of France in the Seventeenth Century, The Memoirs of Marie de Medici.

MRS. S. C. HALL, 1804, has a deservedly high reputation as a delineator of Irish character, and a writer on Irish subjects in general.

The following are Mrs. Hall's principal works: Sketches of Irish Character; Lights and Shadows of Irish Life; Tales of the Irish Peasantry; Ireland, its Scenery, Character, etc., a large illustrated work in which she had the assistance of her husband; Pilgrimage to English Shrines; Chronicles of a School-Room; The Buccaneer, a Novel ; The Outlaw, a Novel; Uncle Horace, a Novel, etc., etc. "In her Irish stories, Mrs.

Hall excels. Her rustic maidens are copied from the cottage; nothing can be more faithful and lively; nor are her hinds and husbandmen anything inferior. We nowhere see the Irish character more justly, or so pleasantly, represented. She sees nature in her proper dimensions: there is fancy, but no exaggeration, and life always.” -Allan Cunningham.

SAMUEL CARTER HALL, 1800, husband of the preceding, has long been known as the editor of the London Art Journal and of several illustrated works of a high character, The Book of Gems, The Book of British Ballads, etc.

JULIA KAVANAGH, 1824 —, is a native of Ireland, and the writer of a number of novels and tales which are widely read. The favorite ones are Madeleine, Nathalie, and Grace Lee. Miss Kavanagh also published, in 1850, Woman in France in the Eighteenth Century, a biographical sketch. Her writings are characterized by ease of style and sharp delineation of character, both male and female.

MRS. KATHERINE THOMSON, 1862, the wife of Anthony Todd Thomson, M. D, was the author of a large number of volumes, partly novels and tales, and partly historical works. Among the latter may be named her lives of Wolsey, Sir Walter Raleigh, the Duchess of Marlborough, Viscountess Sundon, The Duke of Buckingham, The Court of Henry the Eighth, Memoirs of the Jacobites of 1715 and 1745. Among her novels, each in 3 vols., are Constance, Rosabel, Lady Anabella, Anne Boleyn, Widows and Widowers, Rayland Castle, White Monk, Chevalier, Lady of Milan, Court Secrets, Faults on Both Sides, etc.

THE BARONESS TAUTPHEUS, originally Miss Montgomery, a native of Wales, England, and married to the Chamberlain of the King of Bavaria, has written several novels of a high order of merit: The Initials, At Odds, Quits, and Cyrilla.

ELIZABETH S. SHEPPARD, 1830-1862, a native of Blackheath, England, and a daughter of an English clergyman, had a special passion for music, and wrote several art-novels of a highly imaginative character, intended to illustrate her favorite theme: Charles Auchester, the principal character in it, being intended for Mendelssohn; Counterparts, or the Cross of Love; My First Season; The Double Coronet; Rumor.

Catherine Sinclair.

CATHERINE SINCLAIR, 1800-1864, was the author of a large number of novels.

Miss Sinclair was the daughter of Sir John Sinclair; she was amanuensis to her father, and for many years wrote from five to six hours daily to his dictation. Notwithstanding this heavy tax upon her energies, she found time and courage for literary work, and produced a large number of original and attractive volumes. Without rising to the rank of a first-class writer, she yet attained great excellence, and is most deservedly popular. Her works, as quoted by Allibone, are twenty-six in number, and many of them are in two and three volumes each. The following are some of those best known: Charlie Seymour, Modern Accomplishments, Modern Society, Modern Flirtations, Jane Bouverie, Lord and Lady Harcourt, Beatrice, Holiday House, Nursery Plutarch, Memories of the English Bible, etc.

Elizabeth Sewell.

ELIZABETH M. SEWELL, 1815

sister of the Rev. William Sewell, is the author of a large number of works, -- between thirty and forty, — on a great variety of subjects.

The following are the titles of some of her best known novels: Amy Herbert; Margaret Percival; The Earl's Daughter; Katherine Ashton. A uniform edition of her Tales and Stories has been published in 9 vols., 8vo. She has written also a considerable number of school-books: Child's First History of Greece; Child's First History of Rome; Dictation Exercises; besides an elaborate work, The Principles of Education, drawn from Nature and Revelation, and applied to Female Education in the Upper Classes, 2 vols., 8vo. Another large class of her writings are those of a religious cast, such as, Readings for Every Day in Lent; Readings for a Month Preparatory to Confirmation; Thoughts for the Holy Week; Preparations for the Holy Communion, etc.

MISS CATHERINE MARSH, 1820 ——, a native of Colchester, has written several books which have had a powerful influence both on the opinions and the practice of the religious world. Among these may be named English Hearts and English Hands, or The Railway and the Trenches; and Memorials of Capt. Hedley Vicars.

Miss Yonge.

MISS CHARLOTTE MARY YONGE, 1823 by her novel, The Heir of Redclyffe.

first attained celebrity

Miss Yonge is the daughter of an English army officer, W. C. Yonge, who was also a magistrate for Hampshire. Her novels are of the religious cast, inculcating High Church principles. Her leading characters are clearly individualized, and she has considerable dramatic power. Her chief defect as an artist is her want of condensation. Her stories lose power by being too much spun out. She began publishing in 1848, and has kept up a pretty regular stream of books ever since. The number of her publications is over fifty, many of them 3 vol. novels. The following are some of those best known: The Heir of Redclyffe, Daisy Chain, The Clever Woman of the Family, Hopes and Fears, Heartsease, The Two Guardians, etc. None of them are equal to the first. She has written also numerous historical works, Cameos from English History, etc.

Mrs. Wood.

MRS. HENRY WOOD (Miss Ellen Price), 1820 prolific as a writer of novels.

has been very

She has been a contributor to many magazines and periodicals, among them Bentley's Miscellany, Good Words, Once a Week, etc., and published a large number of novels which are read both in her own country and in the United States. Some, indeed, have been translated into French. Mrs. Wood's place is among those authors who write for the average reader, and who, consequently, produce nothing above the average style. The best known of her works, perhaps, are Danesbury House (a prize temperance-novel), East Lynne (which has been frequently dramatized), Trevlyn Hold, St. Martin's Eve, Orveth Cottage, Red Court Farm, etc.

Mrs. Wood was born in Worcester, and is the daughter of the late Thomas Price, a leading manufacturer of that place. She was early married to Mr. Henry Wood, a gentleman connected with the shipping trade.

MRS. MARGARET OLIPHANT, 1820 -, a native of Scotland, has written several popular works: Miss Majoribanks, Madonna Mary, Minister's Wife, Katie Stewart, The Perpetual Curate, The Quiet Heart, Zaidee, Magdalen Hepburn, The Athelings, Adam Graeme, Lilliesleaf, The Rose of Merkland, Sundays, Orphans, Passages in the Life of Mrs. Margaret Maitland, The Days of my Life, an Autobiography, Life of Edward Irving, etc.

LADY GEORGIANA FULLERTON, 1814 a daughter of Earl Granville, and the wife of Capt. Alexander Fullerton, is one of the most successful of recent English novelists.

Her principal novels are the following: Ellen Middleton; Grantly Manor; Lady Bird; Too Strange not to be True; A Stormy Life; Mrs. Gerald's Niece. "The author is perhaps too elaborate in her diction, and is stirred too often by ambition for the superfine, to catch that flowing felicity of style which should be the aim of the novelist,-a style in which sentences should only represent thought or fact, and never dazzle away attention from the matter they convey. But with some faults of manner, and some blunders in plot, the novel evinces considerable dramatic power, and has a number of striking characters. The interest is well sustained, though rapidity of movement in the story is ever subsidiary to completeness of delineation in characters."Whipple.

Mrs. Gore.

MRS. CATHERINE GRACE GORE, 1799-1861, was one of the most voluminous novelists of her day.

Mrs. Gore's novels are mostly stories of fashionable life, and are pronounced by foreign critics to be fair representations of English society among the middle and upper classes. Her stories are interesting, involving always a pretty love affair, but are rarely tragical, and never fraught with the burden of any great human want or woe, She is not a reformer, or a propagandist, political or religious, but simply a writer of good, entertaining, harmless love-stories. She has written more than sixty of these regular three-volume novels, besides several volumes of plays and poems. The following are the titles of a few of her novels: Castles in the Air; Cecil, or The Adventures of a Coxcomb; Mothers and Daughters; Peers and Parvenues; Theresa Marchmont, or The Maid of Honor, etc., etc.

Marian Evans-"George Eliot."

- best known by her

MRS. MARIAN C. (EVANS) LEWES, 1820 assumed name of George Eliot, belongs to the first class of English novelists. Scarcely any works of fiction of the present day show greater originality, or power, or higher artistic finish.

Mrs. Lewes is the wife of the author, G. H. Lewes; she achieved, however, her great distinction as a writer before her marriage. Her principal works are: Adam Bede;

The Mill on the Floss; Romola; Felix Holt the Radical; Scenes of Clerical Life; Silas Marner; The Spanish Gipsy, a Poem.

Mrs. Gaskell.

MRS. ELIZABETH C. (STEVENSON) GASKELL, 1822-1866, was a resident of Manchester, the wife of a Unitarian minister.

Mrs. Gaskell was one of the best of the lady novelists of the present generation; and in her subjects, and the vigor of her delineations, came nearer than any other of them to her friend Charlotte Bronté. The following is a list of her works: Mary Barton, a Tale of Manchester Life; Ruth, a Novel; The Moorland Cottage; North and South; Crawford; Sylvia's Lovers; Cousin Phillis; A Dark Night's Work; My Lady Ludlow; Right at Last; Wives and Daughters; Life of Charlotte Bronté.

Miss Mulock.

MISS DINAH MARIA MULOCK, 1826

is the author of several

novels which have enjoyed a great and deserved popularity.

She is a native of England, and was married, in 1865, to Mr. George Lillie Craik. The scenes in her books are pre-eminently scenes of domestic life, and the characters are interesting and life-like. The descriptions are perhaps a trifle too much drawn out. The best of her works are: John Halifax, Gentleman; The Ogilvies; Olive; Agatha's Husband; The Woman's Kingdom; and A Brave Lady. Miss Mulock's forte lies in the development of her characters, showing how the same general events tend to invigorate a healthy mind and to crush the weak and self-indulgent.

III. WRITERS ON LITERATURE AND POLITICS.

Carlyle.

Thomas Carlyle, 1795, is pre-eminent among the writers of his generation for the independence and vigor of his thoughts, and for the air of supreme authority with which his opinions are uttered.

Mr. Carlyle is a native of Scotland. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and for some years engaged in teaching, but about the age of twenty-nine gave himself up wholly to literature and authorship.

Mr. Carlyle's first publications were contributions to Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopædia, for which he wrote the articles on Montesquieu, Montaigne, Nelson, Norfolk, and the two Pitts. About the same time he wrote an Essay on Joanna Baillie's Plays on the Passions, and a translation of Legendre's Geometry. His next work was a translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, which was followed by a Life of Schiller. The preparation of these two works seems to have given to his thoughts and studies that strong bent towards German ideas and modes of expression which have formed such a prominent feature in his writings ever since.

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