also for six boys. The boys now mend their own clothes upon the premises.

"The arrangement which the Committee have made respecting the choice of trades is as follows: each boy is allowed to select his trade, but having made the selection, he is not allowed to change it until he has acquired some considerable proficiency. It is found that by far the greater number prefer shoemaking.

"In addition to shoemaking and tailoring, some other minor industrial employments have been introduced: the master's wife has taught the knitting of stockings, an invaluable accomplishment for a labouring man, and some time has also been employed in netting.

"It is probable that other employments may be suggested as desirable, and may be introduced from time to time.

'During a part of the year some of the boys were employed in attending upon pigs, but the pigs were the private property of a member of the Committee, and have been disposed of. It is intended, however, as soon as possible, to introduce the keeping of pigs as a permanent part of the establishment, the Committee believing that the habit of tending these animals is one of very great advantage to a poor man.

"The time allotted in a school of this kind to intellectual cultivation is of course small. Nevertheless, sufficient opportunity is given to enable boys to refresh their memory of what they learned in the National School, or if they enter in a complete state of ignorance, to acquire, at least, the arts of reading and writing. In most cases, however, the boys have been previously in a National School, and though many of them have forgotten much of what they once knew, yet they are not in a complete state of ignorance. But this is not without exception; there have been cases in which the education has been entirely neglected.

"The Scriptures are read in the school every day, and apparently with great reverence and attention; several of the boys show much intelligence in answering questions propounded to them. The Church Catechism is taught regularly.

"A library has been established, from which books may be borrowed by the boys, and which is intended also to be useful in supplying occupation during the times allotted to recreation on such days as the weather compels the boys to remain within doors.*

"Hitherto no payments have been made to the boys; in the infancy of the institution, and without sufficient experience of the necessary expense of carrying on the school, the Committee have not felt themselves justified in allotting any of their funds for the purpose of remunerating the more useful of the boys for their work, beyond the daily meal supplied according to the rules of the school. The Committee feel, however, that it is extremely desirable to give some encouragement to those boys who show great zeal and activity in their occupations, especially when the garden crops give evidence (as it is trusted they soon will) of the energy with which the ground has been worked.† It is therefore their intention, in commencing the second year of the school, to set aside a certain sum of money to be disposed of in this manner, and they believe that the very best results may be anticipated from this expenditure."

* Small plots of ground have been allotted to several of the boys, upon which they are permitted to employ themselves during the time of recreation; the boys themselves have the advantage of any crops which they can raise upon these plots.

It is due to the master and to the boys to state, that the ground when first taken possession of by the Committee was in an incredibly foul condition, and has been brought into a tolerable state only by the greatest patience and perseverance. A great part of the land also is of a very stiff clayey character, very difficult for spade husbandry, especially when the spade is handled by mere boys.

The effect of the Industrial School up to the present time, is thus spoken of by the Committee who meet every Monday at the school, and have therefore been able to watch every movement which has taken place:

"There are two ways in which the effect of the school upon the boys must be estimated, namely, as it tends to make them useful and capable of gaining a livelihood, and as it affects their moral character. For the first of these the Committee are obliged partly to rely upon the testimony and opinion of the Master; but they have also had good opportunities of watching the boys at work, and have been much struck with the regularity and diligence of their operations, and they believe also that the appearance of the garden will be a sufficient evidence of the activity and skill of those who have converted it into its present state. It is to be noted also, that whereas at the first opening of the school the boys could by no means be trusted to proceed with their work when the master's eye was not upon them, they can now be depended upon to continue their work without his constant supervision. With regard to handicraft employments, there is scarcely a boy in the school who cannot either mend his own shoes or his clothes, and several have been able to turn their skill to profit in their evenings at home. Nevertheless the nature of the case prevents the committee from being able to give any very definite proofs of the actual practical utility of the system which has been adopted, such at least as they trust they will be enabled to give in future reports, when time shall have elapsed sufficient to exhibit the results of the training upon those who have left the school and have begun to earn their own livelihood; but they have no hesitation in saying, that the results are, to their own minds, quite as satisfactory as they could have anticipated, and that they feel as sanguine as ever concerning the soundness of the principles upon which the school has been founded.

"With regard to the moral effect of the school, the committee have had various opportunities of observing with great delight the influence for good which the master has been able to obtain over the minds of the boys. The complaints which the committee have had to consider have been extremely few, and in only one instance have they had to sentence a boy to expulsion, or rather to determine not to receive one who had twice before deserted the school, and been taken back again upon his expressing his repentance. The committee have been also glad to observe, that in several instances the attendance at the industrial school has led to attendance at the Sunday school, and at church. The intercourse which has been the result of the industrial school has likewise been the means of enabling the master and the members of the committee to bring before the boys the evil of various bad habits, such as the use of obscene and profane language, attendance at prizefights, &c., and it is believed that much good is being effected in this manner, which could not have been attempted without such an opportunity of moral influence as this school affords. Bearing in mind the rough nature of much of the material upon which they are endeavouring to operate, the committee do not desire to be too sanguine as to the palpable nature of the moral effect produced upon the boys; they have however been themselves as much surprised as delighted at some of the results which they have witnessed; but at least the docile character of the boys, which may be witnessed by any person who will take the trouble to visit the school, speaks for itself; and moreover the habits of scrupulous cleanliness, neatness, and order, which form a great feature of the management of the school, cannot fail to tell in the long run upon the moral habits, and character."

In alluding to the future prospects of the school, the report suggests that much good might be done by those who take an interest in it, if they would occasionally visit and inspect the work that is going on,

This suggestion appears to be especially deserving of attention, when we remember that if this school prove permanently successful, situated as it is at Cambridge, its beneficial effects can hardly fail of being multiplied a thousand-fold. The evil for which it is there sought to provide a remedy, exists in innumerable villages as well as towns throughout the kingdom. By visiting, during their residence at the University, the Cambridge Industrial School, and observing the experiment which is now being made there, those who are to become pastors and teachers from one end of the land to the other, will have abundant opportunities of becoming sufficiently familiar with its details to judge of its applicability as a remedy for a similar evil in the localities in which they may be settled.

The circumstance that the managing committee is composed of members both of the Town and University, is very favourable to the success of the experiment. This will ensure on the one hand a due proportion of men of practical and local knowledge, and on the other a succession of talented and energetic individuals, who will not fail to carry on the experiment with spirit, and to devise improvements in the mode of conducting it.

A desire is expressed by the committee to assist in clothing those who have been for some time in the school, and have shown diligence and earned a good character. With this view it is stated in the report that any cast-off garments will be acceptable, and for this excellent reason, "that as shoes and clothes are mended upon the premises, it is almost impossible that any article should be so much worn as not to be considered a useful contribution." We will only add, that we heartily wish the institution success, and shall be happy if the pages of the "English Journal of Education" can in any way be made subservient to the promotion of the important work in which the supporters of the Cambridge Industrial School are engaged.

PRACTICAL HINTS FOR THE SCHOOL-ROOM.
GEOGRAPHY.

(Continued from page 262.)

THE reader is referred to the last number of the Journal for explanation of the facts and observations subjoined. They are merely intended to aid a class in filling up the "Remarks" upon the different counties, according to the plan before laid down. What the pupils have to do, is simply to arrange these facts under the counties to which they severally relate, and to describe the distinguishing features in the writings and characters of these eminent men.

DISTINGUISHED ENGLISHMEN, POETS, DIVINES, &c.

1564

3. Benjamin Jonson .

Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, 1616, great dra

Westminster, 1574. Middlesex .

matic poet. 1637, dramatic poet.

1. Many Roman stations in the county of Durham.

2. Near Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, are the remains of a Roman military station.

3. School at Bury-St.-Edmunds, founded by Edward VI.

4. At Nevil's-Cross, near Durham, the English, under Queen Philippa, defeated the Scotch under David Bruce.

5. Near Wycomb, Bucks, an engagement took place between the Royalists and Roundheads, in which Hampden fell.

6. Near Woodstock, Oxfordshire, is Blenheim House, the seat of the Duke of Marlborough.

7. Winandermere Lake, Westmoreland, contains thirteen islands.

8. Queen Elizabeth founded Kirkby Stephen Grammar School, Westmoreland.

9. At Worstead, a town twelve miles N.E. of Norwich, a colony of Flemmings settled in Henry I.'s reign, and established a woollen manufactory.

10. Thetford, Norfolk, once contained twenty churches and eight monasteries.

11. Oxford Bishoprick, one of the five badly endowed by Henry VIII. 12. At Monmouth is an ancient castle.

13. Abergavenny Free School, founded by Henry VIII.

14. Matlock and Buxton, Derbyshire, famous for their mineral waters. 15. At Shrewsbury, Shopshire, a bloody battle was fought, A.D. 1403, between Henry IV. and Harry Hotspur, son of Duke of Northumberland, assisted by Earl Douglas and Owen Glendower. The rebel army was defeated, and Hotspur slain.

16. King John died at Newark, Notts.

17. The first mill for throwing silk was brought from Italy, and established at Derby.

18. Worcester Grammar School, founded by Henry VIII. Butler, author of Hudibras, was educated here.

19. At St. Albans, Herts, Boadicea massacred 70,000 Romans. Here St. Albanus suffered martyrdom, A.D. 303. During the wars of the roses, two great battles were fought at this place.

20. At Tutbury, Staffordshire, is a castle built in the time of William the Conqueror by Henry de Ferrars.

21. In the time of James II., the greater part of Essex was an extensive forest-parts remain called Epping and Hainault Forests.

22. About one mile from Matlock, Derbyshire, is Cromford, where Sir R. Arkwright erected his first spinning mill.

23. At Evesham, Worcestershire, a battle was fought, 1265, in which Prince Edward rescued his father Henry III. and defeated Simon de Montford. 24. At Worcester, Charles II. and the Scotch were defeated by the Parlia mentary army, A.D. 1651.

25. The choir of Worcester cathedral built in Henry III.'s reign.

26. Edward VI. founded the Grammar School of Louth, Lincolnshire.