these payments in his literary settlements with Goldsmith. The first quarterly payment had become due on the 24th of March 1763; and on that day the landlady's claim of £12. 10s., made up to £14 by 'incidental expenses,' was discharged by Newbery. It stands as one item in an account of his cash advances for the first nine months of 1763, which characteristically exhibits the relations of bookwriter and bookseller. Mrs. Fleming's bills recur at their stated intervals; and on the 8th of September, there is a payment of £15 to William Filby the tailor. The highest advance in money is one (which is not repeated) of three guineas; the rest vary, with intervals of a week or so between each, from two guineas to one guinea and half a guinea. The whole amount is little more than £96; about £60 of which Goldsmith had meanwhile satisfied by copies of different kinds,' when on settlement day he gave his note for the balance.

What these copies' in every case were, it is not so easy to discover. From a list of books lent to him by Newbery, a compilation on popular philosophy appears to have been contemplated; he was certainly engaged in the revision of what was meant to be a humorous recommendation of female government entitled Description of Millenium Hall, as well as in making additions to four juvenile volumes of Wonders of Nature and Art; and he had more to do with another book, the System of Natural History by Dr. Brookes (the author of the Gazetteer), which he thoroughly revised, and to which he not

only contributed a graceful preface, but several introductions to the various sections, full of picturesque animation. He was to have received for this labour eleven guineas in full,' but it was increased to nearly thirty. He had also some share in the Martial Review, or General History of the late War, the profits of which Newbery had set apart for his luckless son-in-law, Kit Smart: and in a memorandum furnished by himself to the publisher, he claims three guineas for Preface to Universal History (a rival to the existing publication of that name, set on foot by Newbery and edited by Guthrie); two guineas for Preface to Rhetoric, and one for Preface to Chronicle, neither of these last now traceable; three guineas for Critical and Monthly, presumed to be contributions to Newbery's magazines ; and twenty-one pounds on account of a History of England. A subsequent receipt acknowledges another twenty-one pounds which with what I received before, is in full 'for the copy of the History of England in a series of 'Letters, two volumes in 12mo.'

This book, which was not published till the following year, claims a word of description. Such of the labours of 1763 as had yet seen the light, were not of a kind to attract much notice. When we write anything,' said Goldsmith, I think the public make a point of not know'ing anything about it.' So, remembering what Pope had said of the lucky lines' that had a lord to own them, the present book was issued, doubtless with Newbery's glad concurrence, as a History of England in a series of

Letters from a Nobleman to his Son. It had a great success in that character; passed through many editions ; and was afterwards translated into French by the wife of Brissot, with notes by the Revolutionary leader himself. The nobleman was supposed to be Lord Chesterfield, so refined was the style; Lord Orrery had also the credit of it; but the persuasion at last became general that the author was Lord Lyttleton, and the name of that grave good lord (placed also, in consequence of its success in this instance, to a catchpenny Collection of Letters written by the author of Doctor Syntax) is still seen affixed to it on the bookstalls. The mistake was never corrected: it being the bookseller's interest to continue it, and not less the author's as well, when in his own name he subsequently went over the same ground. But it was not concealed from his friends; copies of the second edition of the book were sent with his autograph to both Percy and Johnson; and a zealous acquaintance, after his death, eagerly informed. the Gentleman's Magazine not only that he had really written it in his lodgings at Islington, but how and in what way he did so. In the morning, says Mr. Urban's correspondent, he would study the period on which he was engaged, in Rapin, Carte, Kennett's Collection, and the recent volumes of Hume; then, having made the notes he thought necessary, he would set forth on country walk, all the more happily if a friend accompanied him; and not till after his temperate dinner, on return, would he begin to write. If the friend stayed to partake, and

a

a 'cheerful evening' intercepted work, some hours were still 'seized from sleep,' to write as much as he had contemplated by the studies of the morning.

One may clearly trace these 'cheerful evenings,' I think, in Mrs. Fleming's incidental expenses.' The good lady was not loath to be generous at times, but is careful to give herself the full credit of it; and a frequent item in her bill is a gentleman's dinner, nothing.' Four gentlemen have tea, for eighteen-pence; wines and cakes' are supplied for the same sum; bottles of port are charged two shillings each; and one Doctor Reman' is such a special favourite, that three elaborate cyphers (£0. Os. Od.) follow his teas as well as his dinners. Redmond was his real name. He was a young Irish physician who had lived some years in France, and was now disputing with the Society of Arts on some alleged discoveries in the properties of antimony. Among Mrs. Fleming's anonymous entries, however, were some that related to more distinguished visitors.

His

The greatest of these I would introduce as he was seen one day in the present year by a young and eager admirer, passing quickly through Cranbourne Alley. He might have been on his way to Goldsmith. He was a bustling, active, stout little man, dressed in a sky blue coat. admirer saw him at a distance, turning the corner; and, running with all expedition to have a nearer view, came up with him in Castle Street, as he stood patting one of two quarrelling boys on the back, and, looking steadfastly

at the expression in the coward's face, was saying in very audible voice, 'Damn him, if I would take it of him! at 'him again!' Enemy or admirer could not better have seen William Hogarth. He might see, in that little incident, his interest in homely life, his preference of the real in art, and his quick apprehension of character; his love of hard hitting, and his indomitable English spirit. The admirer, who, at the close of his own chequered life, thus remembered and related it, was James Barry of Cork; who had followed Mr. Edmund Burke to London with letters from Doctor Sleigh, and whose birth, genius, and poverty soon made him known to Goldsmith.

Between Goldsmith and Hogarth were many reasons of sympathy. Few so sure as the great, self-taught, philosophic artist, to penetrate at once, through any outer husk of disadvantage, to discernment of an honest and loving soul. Genius in both took side with the homely and the poor; and they had personal foibles in common. No man can be supposed to have read the letters in the Public Ledger with heartier agreement than Hogarth; no man so little likely as Goldsmith to suffer a sky blue coat, or conceited, strutting, consequential airs, to weigh against the claims of the painter of Marriage à-la-Mode. How they first met has not been related, but they met frequently. In these last two years of Hogarth's life, admiration had become precious to him; and Goldsmith was ready with his tribute. Beside, there was Wilkes to rail against, and Churchill to condemn, as well as Johnson to praise and

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