ried, it shall be placed on the left-hand side; such light or lights to be of sufficient illuminating power to be visible at a distance of 200 feet; said light or lights shall show white in front, but may be colored on the sides, excepting licensed truckmen. Every automobile shall exhibit during the same period two lamps showing white lights visible at a distance of 300 feet in the direction toward which the automobile is proceeding, and shall also exhibit a red light, visible in the reverse direction. The lamps shall be so placed as to be free from obstruction to light from other parts of said automobile. In the Borough of The Bronx, excepting south of Tremont avenue and One Hundred and Seventy-seventh street, east of Jerome avenue and west of The Bronx river, and in the Boroughs of Richmond and Queens, and in the Twenty-sixth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second Wards of the Borough of Brooklyn, every car or other vehicle between said hours, while moving on, along or standing upon the portion of streets in said boroughs or parts of boroughs, shall also carry a light or lights of such illuminating power as to be plainly visible 200 feet, both ahead and behind said car or vehicle. (Id., art. III, sec. 1.) § 459. Exceptions.- But this section shall not apply to any equestrian, or to any animal led or driven, not attached to any vehicle nor to the rider of a bicycle, tricycle or similar vehicle, whose light has become extinguished, or who is necessarily absent from his home, without a light, when going at a pace not exceeding six miles an hour, when a clearly audible signal is given as often as thirty feet are passed over. (Id., art. III, sec. 2.)

Article IV.- Improper Use of Streets.

§ 460. Coasting Forbidden to Bicyclists.- No bicycle shall be allowed to proceed in any street of the city by inertia or momentum, with the feet of the rider removed from the pedals. (Id., art. IV, sec. 1.)

§ 461. Trick Riding Forbidden.- No rider of a bicycle shall remove both hands from the handle-bars, or practice any trick or fancy riding in any street. (Id., art. IV, sec. 2.)

§ 462. Carrying Children on Bicycles.- No bicyclist in The City of New York shall carry upon his bicycle any child under the age of five years. (Id., art. IV, sec. 3.)

§ 463. Ages of Drivers.- Drivers or persons in charge of vehicles other than licensed vehicles shall not be less than sixteen years of age, unless provided with a permit from the Police Department. (Id., art. IV, sec. 4.)

§ 464. Riding on Back of Vehicles.- No person shall ride upon the back of any vehicle without the consent of the driver, and when so riding no part of the person's body must protrude beyond the limits of the vehicle. (Id., art. IV, sec. 5.)

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§ 465. Cruising" by Hacks, etc., Forbidden.- No public or private hack, while awaiting employment by passengers,

shall stand in or upon any public street or place other than at or upon public or private hack stands, respectively, designated by the Board of Aldermen; nor shall any hackman seek employment by repeatedly and persistently driving his hack to and from in a short space before, or by otherwise interfering with proper and orderly access to, or egress from, any theatre, hall, hotel, public resort, railway or ferry station, or other place of public gathering, but any hackman may solicit employment by driving through any public street or place without stops other than those due to obstruction of traffic, and at such speed as not to interrupt or impede traffic, and may pass and repass before any theatre, hall, hotel, public resort, railway or ferry station or other place of public gathering, provided that after passing such public place he shall not turn and repass until he shall have gone a distance of two blocks beyond such place. (Id., art. IV, sec. 6.)

Article V.- Use of Sidewalks.

§ 466. Driving on Sidewalks.- Except as provided in this article, no horse or vehicle shall be driven, backed, led or allowed to stand on any sidewalk which has been curbed, except that wares of merchandise in process of loading and unloading, shipment, or being received from shipment, may be transferred from trucks or other vehicles over the sidewalk by the use of skids, or by backing up trucks on the sidewalks in so doing, provided a passageway be kept open within the stoop line of buildings for the free passage of pedestrians. (Id., art. V, sec. 1.)

§ 467. Leading Bicycles.- Riders of bicycles, when dismounted, may lead their bicycles along the sidewalk in single file, and bicycles may be allowed to stand on the sidewalk, provided they are within the stoop line and cause no obstruction. (Id., art. V, sec. 2.)

§ 468. Riding on Sidewalks.- Bicycles may be ridden on the sidewalks of any street in the suburbs of the city, the roadway of which is not reasonably ridable for such vehicles. (Id., art. V, sec. 3.)

§ 469. Driving Across Sidewalks.― Nothing contained in this article shall prevent the riding or driving of horses or vehicles from private property directly across the sidewalks of any street to the roadway, or from the roadway back to such private property. (Id., art. V, sec. 4.)

Article VI.- General Rule Covering the Use of Streets.

§ 470. Reasonable Care to be Used.- Nothing contained herein or omitted herefrom shall be construed or held to relieve any person using, or traveling, or being upon any street, for any purpose whatever, from exercising all reasonable care to avoid or prevent injury through collision with all other persons and vehicles. (Id., art. VI, sec. 1.)

§ 471. Traffic Not to be Obstructed.- No vehicle shall be allowed to remain upon or be driven through any street of The City of New York so as wilfully to blockade or obstruct the traffic of that street.

No vehicle shall be so overloaded that the horse or horses are unable to draw it. (Id., art. VI, sec. 2.)

Article VII.- Powers of Police Department.

§ 472. Police Department to Regulate Traffic. The Police Department shall have all powers and duties in relation to the management of vehicular traffic. (Id., art. VII, sec. 1.)

§ 473.- Police Department to See That Ordinances Are Posted. The Police Department shall see that these ordinances are posted in all public stables, and at the hack, cab and truck stands, and shall keep copies of them at all of its stations and issue them on application. (Id., art. VII, sec. 2.)

Article VIII.- Definitions.

§ 474. Definitions of Terms Used Herein.- The following terms, whenever used herein, except as otherwise specifically indicated, shall be defined to have and shall be held to include each of the meanings herein below respectively set forth; and any such term used in the singular number shall be held to include the plural:

Street. Every avenue, boulevard, highway, roadway, cartway, lane, alley, strip, path, square and place used by or laid out for the use of vehicles.

Roadway. That portion of any street which is included within the curbs or curb lines thereof and is designed for the use of vehicles.

Curb. The lateral boundaries of that portion of a street designed for the use of vehicles, whether marked by curbstones or not so marked.

Vehicle. Every wagon, carriage, omnibus, sleigh, pushcart, bicycle, tricycle and other conveyance (except baby carriages), in whatever manner or by whatever force or power the same may be driven, ridden or propelled, which is or may be used for or adapted to pleasure riding or the transportation of passengers, baggage or merchandise upon the street; and every draught and riding animal, whether driven, ridden or led, excepting that an animal or animals attached to any vehicle shall, with such vehicle, constitute one vehicle. (Id., art. VIII, sec. 1.)

Article IX.- Penalties for Violations.

§ 475. Penalties for Violations. Any person violating any provision or regulation hereof shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof by any magistrate, either upon confession of the party or by competent

testimony, may be fined for such offense any sum not less than one dollar and not exceeding ten dollars, and in default of payment of such fine may be committed to prison by such magistrate until the same be paid; but such imprisonment shall not exceed ten days. (Id., art. IX, sec. 1.)

CHAPTER 13.- MISCELLANEOUS ORDINANCES.

I. Official Bonds.

§ 476. Each and every officer or employee of The City of New York, whose office or duties correspond to those formerly exercised by officers or employees of the former corporation, the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of The City of New York, except the Comptroller, elected or appointed, shall, upon entering upon the duties of his office or employment, give a bond with sureties to The City of New York for the faithful performance of his duties in a corresponding form and in the same amount as bonds were required to be given by the corresponding officers or employees of the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of The City of New York by the Revised Ordinances of the said Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of The City of New York of 1897, the said bonds to be approved by the Comptroller of the said City of New York. (Ord. app. Jan. 3, 1898, sec. 1.) 8 477. The Comptroller of The City of New York shall give a bond in the sum of two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000) with a surety company or two or more sufficient sureties to justify in double the amount under oath before a Judge of the Supreme Court on notice to the Corporation Counsel, except that any bond heretofore given by the Comptroller elected at the election of 1897, and approved as herein before required by a Justice of the Supreme Court, shall be taken to be a sufficient bond to comply with this ordinance, provided that the same shall be immediately filed with the City Clerk by the said Comptroller. (Id., sec. 2.)

§ 478. Each Deputy Comptroller shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, execute a bond to the city, with one or more sureties to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $10,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. (R. O. 1897, sec. 37, with verbal changes.)

§ 479. Before entering upon the duties of his office the City Clerk shall execute a bond to the city, with one or more sufficient sureties to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $1,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. (Id., sec. 2, with verbal changes.)

§ 480. The Corporation Counsel shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, execute a bond to the corporation, with two sufficient sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller and filed in the office of the Comptroller, in the penal

sum of $5,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. (Id., sec. 103, with verbal changes.)

§ 481. The Supervisor of the City Record hereafter appointed shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, execute a bond to the city, with one or more sureties to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $5,000, conditioned upon the safe keeping of the money of the city in his charge and upon the faithful performance of the duties of his office; and the Deputy Supervisor of the City Record shall, after his appointment, and before entering upon the duties of his office, execute a bond to the city, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $5,000, conditioned upon the faithful performance of the duties of his office. (Id., sec. 7, with verbal changes.)

§ 482. Each Commissioner of Public Works, before entering on the duties of his office, shall execute a bond to the city, with at least two sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller and filed in the office of the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $10,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. (Id., sec. 136, with verbal changes.)

§ 483. The Water Register, before entering upon the duties of his office, shall execute a bond to the city, with two sufficient sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $15,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. (Id., sec. 151, with verbal changes.)

§ 484. The Collector of Assessments and Arrears, before entering upon the duties of his office, shall execute a bond to the city, with at least two sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller and filed in his office, in the penal sum of $20,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. (Id., sec. 38, with verbal changes.)

§ 485. The Collector of City Revenue and the Superintendent of Markets shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, execute a bond to the city, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $15,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. (Id., sec. 40, with verbal changes.)

§ 486. The Deputy Collectors of City Revenue shall, respectively, before entering upon the duties of their office, execute a bond to the city, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $2,000. (Id., sec. 41, with verbal changes.)

§ 487. Before entering upon the duties of his office, the Clerk to the Collector of City Revenue and the Superintendent of Markets shall execute a bond to the city, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $5,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. (Id., sec. 42, with verbal changes.)