"wherefore then serveth the law? it was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made." Hence to those who are not yet regenerate, the law of nature has the same obligatory force, and is intended to serve the same purposes, as the law of Moses to the Israelites. Rom. iii. 19. we know that whatsoever things the law saith, it saith to them that were under the law, that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God,' compared with i. 19. " that which may be known of God is manifest in them, for God hath showed them."

THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF THE PROMISED SAVIOUR. Hence Christ's invitation, Matt. xi. 28. "come unto me, all ye that labour, and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest,' "that is from the curse of the law. Hence also the conflict in the mind of Paul while under the curse of the law, and the thanks which he renders to God for the atonement of Christ; Rom. vii. 24, 25. " O wretched man that I am, who shall deliver me from the body of this death?" x. 4. "Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth." Gal. iii. 11. " that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it is evident, for the just shall live by faith." v. 13. "Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law," v. 21. "if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law. v. 22. "but the Scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by the faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe; concluded," that is, declared all guilty of sin. v. 24. "wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith." 2 Cor. iii. 6. "the letter killeth," that is, the letter of the law (elsewhere called the elements) killeth, in other words does not promise eternal life. Col. ii. 14. "blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us." Thus the imperfection of the law was manifested in the person of Moses himself; for Moses, who was a type of the law, could not bring the children of Israel into the land of Canaan, that is, into eternal rest; but an entrance was given to them under Joshua, or Jesus.5 Hence Peter testifies that eternal salvation 5.Therefore shall not Moses, though of God Highly beloved, being but the minister Of law, his people into Canaan lead;

was through Christ alone under the law, equally as under the gospel, although he was not then revealed: Acts xv. 10, 11. why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? but we believe that through the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they." Heb. xiii. 8. "Jesus Christ the same yesterday, and to-day and for ever." For although, under the law, as many as were able to keep all the commandments were justified, the promise extended only to happiness in this life: Deut. vi. 24, 25. "Jehovah commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear Jehovah our God, for our good always, that he might preserve us alive, &c. .... and it shall be our righteousness if we observe to do all these commandments." But what neither the law itself nor the observers of the law could attain, faith in God through Christ has attained, and that even to eternal life.

CHAP. XXVII.-OF THE GOSPEL AND CHRISTIAN LIBERTY. THE GOSPEL is THE NEW DISPENSATION OF THE COVENANT OF GRACE, FAR MORE EXCELLENT AND PERFECT THAN THE LAW, ANNOUNCED FIRST OBSCURELY BY MOSES AND THE PROPHETS, AFTERWARDS IN THE CLEAREST TERMS BY CHRIST HIMSELF, AND HIS APOSTLES AND EVANGELISTS, WRITTEN SINCE BY THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THE HEARTS OF BELIEVERS," AND ORDAINED TO CONTINUE EVEN TO THE END OF THE

6

But Joshua, whom the Gentiles Jesus call,
His name and office bearing, who shall quell
The adversary serpent, and bring back

6

Through the world's wilderness long-wandered man

Safe to the eternal Paradise of rest.

Paradise Lost, XII. 307.

Thy great Deliverer, who shall bruise

The Serpent's head; whereof to thee anon

Plainlier shall be revealed. 149.

The Woman's seed, obscurely then foretold,

Now amplier known thy Saviour and thy Lord. 543.

7 He to his own a Comforter shall send,

The Promise of the Father, who shall dwell!

His Spirit within them, and the law of faith

Working through love, upon their hearts shall write. 486.

WORLD, CONTAINING A PROMISE OF ETERNAL LIFE TO ALL IN EVERY NATION WHO SHALL BELIEVE IN CHRIST WHEN REVEALED TO THEM, AND A THREAT OF ETERNAL DEATH TO SUCH AS SHALL NOT BELIEVE.

THE NEW DISPENSATION.

Jex. xxxi. 31-33, compared with Heb. viii. 8. 9. "I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah, not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers." It is called the new testament," Matt. xxvi. 28. Mark xiv. 24. Luke xxii. 20. 1 Cor. xi. 25. 2 Cor. iii. 6. But the word διαθήκη, in the Hebrew 72 is generally used by the inspired writers for avvenn, covenant, and is rendered in Latin by the word pactum, 2 Cor. iii. 14. Gal. iv. 24. veteris pacti. The Gospel is only once called testament in a proper sense, and then for a particular reason which is subjoined. Heb. ix. 15, 16, &c. "for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament that by means of death for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance; for where a testament is, there must also of necessity be the death of the testator."

MORE EXCELLENT AND PERFECT THAN THE LAW.

Matt.

xiii. 17. " many prophets and righteous men have desired to see those things which ye see, and have not seen them, and to hear those things which ye hear, and have not heard them." 2 Cor. iii. 11, &c. "if that which was done away was glorious, much more that which remaineth is glorious. Seeing then that we have such hope, we use great plainness of speech; and not as Moses." Heb. vii. 18-20, 22. 'the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did, by the which we drew nigh unto God: and inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest; for those priests were made without an oath, but this with an oath.... by so much was Jesus made a surety of a better covenant." viii. 6, &c. by how much more also he is the mediator of a better cove8 Beza's Translation. Testamentum Vetus. Tremellius. Veteris testamenti. Vulgate. Notandum, quod Berith verbum Hebraicum, Aquita, ovveŋkv, id est, pactum interpretatur: LXX. semper dialŋŋv id est, testamentum: et in plerisque scripturarum locis testamentum non voluntatem defunctorum sonare, sed pactum viventium.' Hieron. in Malach. cap. ii. quoted by Lardner, History of the Apostles and Evangelists.

nant, which was established upon better promises, &c. . . . . I will put my laws into their mind." James i. 25. "whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and continueth therein, he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed.” 1 Pet. i. 10, &c. “of which salvation the prophets have inquired and searched diligently, who prophesied of the grace that should come unto you.... with the Holy Ghost sent down from heaven; which things the angels desire to look into." The Gospel is also called "the ministry and word of reconciliation," 2 Cor. v. 18, 19. whereas on the contrary "the law.worketh wrath," Rom. iv. 15. BY MOSES AND THE PROPHETS. John v. 39. "they are they which testify of me." v. 46. "had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me, for he wrote of me;" namely Gen. iii. 15. xxii. 18. xlix. 10. Deut. xviii. 15. Luke xxiv. 27. "beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures, the things concerning himself." Acts xvii. 11. " searching the scriptures daily, whether those things were so." xxvi. 22, 23. "saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come." Rom. iii. 21. "being witnessed by the law and the prophets." 1 Pet. i. 10. "who prophesied of the grace which should come unto you.'

وو

WRITTEN IN THE HEARTS OF BELIEVERS. Isai. lix. 21; as for me, this is my covenant with them, saith Jehovah. My Spirit which is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouht, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith Jehovah, for henceforth and for ever." Jer. xxxi. 31-33. "behold the days come.... but this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith Jehovah, (a declaration particularly worthy of attention, as it specifies in what respect the new covenant is more excellent than the old) I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts-" compared with Heb. viii. 10, &c. "this is the covenant.... I will put my laws into their mind.... and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people." Joel ii. 28. "it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh

and also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my Spirit." To these may be

added, from the chapter of Jeremiah quoted above, v. 34. "they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them." Joel ii. 28. "your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions." Compare Acts ii. 16-18. For although all real believers have not the gift of prophecy, the Holy Spirit is to them an equivalent and substitute for prophecy, dreams, and visions. 2 Cor. iii. 3. "ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God, not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart." v. 6. "ministers of the new testament, not of the letter, but of the spirit; for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life." James i. 21. "receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls."

BY THE HOLY SPIRIT, the gift of God, and peculiar to the gospel. John vii. 39. "the Holy Ghost was not yet given, because that Jesus was not yet glorified." xiv. 26. "the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things." See also Luke xii. 12. Acts i. 8. " ye shall receive power after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you." See also ii. 1, &c. v. 38. repent, &c. .... and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost." Rom. v. 5. "by the Holy Ghost which is given unto 1 Cor. ii. 13. " in words which the Holy Ghost teacheth." 2 Cor. xiii. 14. "the communion of the Holy Ghost." 1 Thess. iv. 8. "who hath also given unto us his Holy Spirit." See also Rom. viii. 9. 1 Cor. xii. 3. 1 Pet. i. 12. 1 John iv. 13.

66

us."

ORDAINED TO CONTINUE EVEN TO THE END OF THE WORLD. 2 Cor. iii. 11. " much more that which remaineth is glorious." Eph. iv. 13. "till we all come.... unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ."

A PROMISE OF ETERNAL LIFE. Mark xvi. 15, 16. “go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel.... he that believeth and is baptized shall be saved." Rom. i. 16. " the power of God unto salvation."

TO ALL WHO SHALL BELIEVE.

John iii. 15, 16. "whoso

ever believeth in him," &c. Rom. i. 16, 17. "to every one that believeth." 1 John ii. 25. "this is the promise that he hath promised us, even eternal life." See other passages to the same effect above, in the chapter on faith and its objects.

VOL. IV.

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