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DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED IN HOUSE SCORE CARD

LIGHT-Light enough to read easily in every part.

GLOOMY-Not light enough to read easily in every part, but enough readily to see one's way about when doors are closed.
DARK-Too dark to see one's way about easily when doors are closed.

WELL VENTILATED—With window on street or fair-sized yard (not less than 12 ft. deep for a five-story tenement house not on
a corner), or on a "large," "well-ventilated" court open to the sky at the top: "large" being for a court entirely open on one side
to the street or yard in a five-story tenement, not less than 6 ft. wide from the wall of the building to the lot line; for a court
inclosed on three sides and the other on the lot line in a five-story tenement, not less than 12x24 ft., "well ventilated" meaning
either entirely open on one side to the street or yard, or else having a tunnel at the bottom connecting with the street or yard.
FAIRLY VENTILATED. - With window opening on a shallow yard or on a narrow court, open to the sky at the top, or else with
5x3 inside window (15 ft. square) opening on a well-ventilated room in same apartment.

BADLY VENTILATED- With no window on the street, or on a yard, or on a court open to the sky, and with no window, or a very
small window, opening on an adjoining room.

wainscoting, leaving large cracks.
IN GOOD REPAIR-No torn wall paper, broken plaster, broken woodwork or flooring, nor badly shrunk or warped floor boards or

IN FAIR REPAIR-Slightly torn or loose wall paper, slightly broken plaster, warped floor boards and wainscoting.

IN BAD REPAIR- Very badly torn wall paper or broken plaster over a considerable area, or badly broken woodwork or flooring.
to the condition.)
(Rooms not exactly coinciding with any of the three classes are to be included in the one the description of which comes nearest

SINKS: GOOD — Iron, on iron supports with iron back above to prevent splashing of water on wall surface, in light location, used
for one family. Water direct from city water mains or from a CLEAN roof tank.

BAD- Surrounded by wood rims with or without metal flushings, space beneath inclosed with wood risers; dark location, used by more
than one family; water from dirty roof tank.

FAIR-Midway between above two extremes. (Sinks not exactly coinciding with any of the three classes are to be included in the one
the description of which comes nearest to the condition.)

WATER-CLOSET: GOOD
abundant water flush.

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Indoor closet.

In well lighted and ventilated location, closet fixture entirely open underneath,

FAIR-Indoor closet, poor condition - badly lighted and ventilated location, fixture inclosed with wood risers, or poor flush.
POOR-Yard closet- separate water-closet in individual compartment in the yard.

BAD

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School sink

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sewer-connected privy, having one continuous vault beneath the row of individual toilet compartments.

have made up their minds that progressive deterioration is to be found among people generally." In regard to the facts which started the fear, the report says: (1) the evidence adduced in the director general's memorandum was inadequate to prove that physical deterioration had affected the classes referred to; (2) no sufficient material (statistical

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or other) is at present available to warrant any definite conclusions on the question of the physique of the people by comparison with data obtained in past times.

The topics dealt with in the report refer to only a partial list of conditions that need to be carefully studied before we can know what environment heredity we are preparing for those who follow us :

I. AS TO BABIES

Training of mothers, provident societies and maternity funds, feeding of infants, milk supply, milk depots, sterilization and

refrigeration of milk, effect of mother's employment upon infant mortality, still births, cookery, hygiene and domestic economy, public nurseries, crèches.

II. AS TO CHILDREN

Anthropometric measurements, sickness and open spaces, medical examination of school children, teeth, eyes, and ears, games and exercises for school children, open spaces and gymnastic apparatus, physical exercise for growing girls and growing boys, clubs and cadet corps, feeding of elementary school children, partial exemption from school, special schools for "retarded" children, special magistrate for juvenile cases, juvenile smoking, organization of existing agencies for the welfare of lads and girls, education, school attendance in rural districts, defective children.

III. AS TO LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS

Register of sickness, medical certificates as to causes of death, overcrowding, building and open spaces, register of owners of buildings, unsanitary and overcrowded house property, rural housing, workshops, coal mines, etc., medical inspection of factories, employment of women in factories, labor colonies, overfatigue, food and cooking, cooking grates, adulteration, smoke pollution, alcohol, syphilis, insanity.

IV. AS TO HEALTH MACHINERY

Medical officers of health, local, district, and national boards, health associations.

Scientists of the next generation will continue to differ as to heredity truths and heredity bugaboos unless records are kept now, showing the physical condition of school children and of applicants for work certificates and for civil service and army positions. The British investigators declared that "anthropometric records are the only accredited tests available, and, if collected on a sufficient scale, they would constitute the supreme criterion of physical deterioration, or the reverse. The school population and

the classes coming under the administration of the Factory Acts offer ready material for the immediate application of such tests." In addition to the physical tests proposed in other chapters, there is great educational opportunity in the records of private and public hospitals. Every nation, every state, and every city should enlist all its educational and scientific forces to ascertain in what respects social efficiency is endangered by physical deficiencies that can be avoided only by restricting parenthood, and the environmental deficiencies that can be avoided by efficient health machinery.

The greatest of all heredity truths are these: (1) the deficiencies of infants are infinitesimal compared with the deficiencies of the world with which we surround them; (2) each of us can have a part in begetting for posterity an environment of health and of opportunity.

CHAPTER XXXIV

INEFFECTIVE AND EFFECTIVE WAYS OF
COMBATING ALCOHOLISM

Wherever the Stars and Stripes fly over school buildings it is made compulsory to teach the evils of alcoholism. For nearly a generation the great majority of school children of the United States have been taught that alcohol, in however small quantities, is a poison and a menace to personal and national health and prosperity. Yet during this very period the per capita consumption of every kind of alcoholic beverage has increased. Whereas 16.49 gallons of spirituous liquors were consumed per capita of population in 1896, 22.27 gallons were used in 1906. Obviously the results of methods hitherto in vogue for combating alcoholism are disappointing.

Why this paradoxical relation of precept to practice? Why is this, the most hygiene-instructed country in the world, the Elysium of the patent-medicine and cocaine traffic? If we have only the expected divergence of achievement from ideal, then there is nothing for us to do but to congratulate ourselves and posterity upon the part played by compulsory legislation in committing all states and territories to hygiene instruction in all public schools. If, on the other hand, our disappointment is due to ineffective method, then the next step is to change our method.

The chief purpose of school hygiene has hitherto been not to promote personal and community health, but to lessen the use of alcohol and tobacco. Arguments were required against whisky, beer, cigars, and cigarettes. As the strongest arguments would probably make the most lasting impression upon the school child and the best profits for

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