By his order, Jehudi fetched and read it before him and his princes.Scarce was four or five pages read, when Jehoiakim in a rage, and contrary to the intercession of several princes, took it, cut it to pieces, and cast it into the fire. He gave orders to apprehend Jeremiah and Baruch; but they could not be found. Soon after, Baruch wrote another copy, more enlarged, at the mouth of the prophet. Baruch having lost all probable access to honour and wealth, and being in danger of his life, was extremely dejected. Inspired of God, Jeremiah chid him for his ambition after great things, when the ruin of Judah was at hand; and assured him of divine protection in every case, Jer. | xxxvi. and xlv.

In the 10th year of Zedekiah, Baruch, by Jeremiah's direction, carried his charter of the field of Hanameel, and put it in an earthen vessel, that it might remain safe, till after the captivity. After Jerusalem was taken, Nebuzaradan allowed Jeremiah and Baruch to remain in Judea with Gedaliah. After the murder of that good deputy, Johanan and other principal men, falsely blamed Baruch for enviously exciting Jeremiah to forbid their going to Egypt; and carried them both to that country. Whether Baruch, after the death of Jeremiah, removed from Egypt to Babylon, we know not. An APOCRYPHAL book is falsely ascribed to him, Jer. xxxii. 12-16. and xliii. 3, 6.

BARUCH, the son of Zabbai, under the direction of Nehemiah, earnestly repared a part of the wall of Jerusalem. Perhaps too, he scaled the covenant of reformation, and was the father of Maaseiah, Neh. iii. 20. and x. 6. and xi. 5.

BARULES, in church-history, certain heretics, who held, that the Son of God had only a phantom of a body; that souls were created before the world, and that they lived all at one time.

of Meholah, and father to Adril the husband of Merab, the daughter of Saul, 2 Sam. xxi. 8. 1 Sam. xviii. 19. (2.) A Gileadite of Rogelim, who plentifully supplied David and his small host with provisions, as they lay at Mahanaim, during the usurpa tion of Absalom. On David's return to his capital, and to take possession of his royal dignity, Barzillai, attended him to the passage of Jordan. David insisted that he should go and dwell with him at Jerusalem. Bar zillai pleaded his old age and unfitness for the court. His excuse was sustained, and king David dismissed him home with the kindest embraces; but, with his allowance, retained Chimham his son at court, 2 Sam. xvii. 27-29. and xix. 31, 40. (3.) A priest descended from the daugh ter of the former Barzillai, and head of a number of priests who returned from the Babylonian captivity, Neh. vii. 63.

BASE, a foundation or settle for pillars, or the like, to stand on. The bases of the altar, and lavers, might represent the perfections and purposes of God, whereby Christ is set up for our surety and purification; or the dispensation of the gospel, that lifts up and bears his name be fore the Gentiles, 1 Kings vii. 27. Ezra iii. 3. The visionary ephah, and woman in it, being established on her own base, in the land of Silinar, may signify, that the judgments of God should, in a just and proper manner, fall, and, from age to age, rest on Chaldea, where his people had been abused, and himself so dishonoured; or rather, that the wicked Jews, in their present dispersion, should not be favourably supported by the promises and kindness of God, but for the multitude of ages be fixed in misery, and loaded with due punishment, Zech. v. 11.

BASE; mean, contemptible; of the vile and rascal sort, Job xxx. 8. Acts xvii. 5. Many of God's chosen are BARZILLAI. (1.) A Simeoniteso in their outward condition, or be

Ency.

BASON, a small vessel for holding

fore conversion, 1 Cor. i. 28. Paul BASKET, a lignt vessel for carrywas represented by the false teachersing victuals, or the like, Exod. xxix. as such to those that saw him, 2 Cor. ||23. In a basket, Paul was let down x. I. Since the time of Ezekiel, E-over the wall of Damascus, that he gypt has been a base kingdom, and might flee for his life, 2 Cor. xi. 33. the basest of all kingdoms; being al- || In baskets, the noblemen of Samaria most always subject to the most sent 70 heads of Ahab's children to grievous oppression, under the Chal-Jehu at Jezreel, 2 kings x. 7. The deans, Persians, Greeks, Romans, three baskets seen by the Egyptian Saracens, Turks, and even Mam-baker in his dream, represented three luke slaves, Ezek. xxix. 14, 15.-days of life, Gen. xl. 16, 18. Basket Zech. x. 11. is put for the provision in it, Deut. BASHAN, or BATANEA, one of the xxviii. 5, 17. When our Saviour most fruitful countries in the world,feasted 5000 with five loaves, there relying eatward of Jordan and the seamained twelve baskets full of fragof Tiberias, northward of the riverments: when he fed four thousand Jabbok, westward of the mountains with seven loaves, there remained seof Gilead, and south of Hermon and ven baskets full. On both occasions, the kingdom of Geshuri. Besides much more bread was left than was villages, it contained sixty fenced ci-at the beginning, as a reward to the ties. It was peculiarly famous for disciples for their liberality, Matth. its rich pasture, excellent flocks and xiv. 20. and xv. 37. herds, and stately oaks. Moses took it from QG, and gave it to the half-water, or other liquids, to wash or tribe of Manasseh, Numb. xxxii. sprinkle with, John xiii. 5. The cereJosh. xvii. 1. 1 Chron. ii. 21-23.monial basons, which received the Deut. xxxii. 14. Amos iv. 1. Ezek. xxvii. 6. Bashan and Carmel are used to represent fertile countries, or the flourishing condition of a nation or church, Nah. i. 4. Jer. 1. 19. Mic. vii. 14. God's bringing his people from Bashan hill on the east, and the depths of the sea on the west, imports his re- BASTARD, a child begotten out covering the Jews from their capti-of a state of marriage. Perhaps the vity and dispersion, unto which they bastards, excluded from rule in the were driven by the Assyrians, and congregation of Israel, were such as Chaldeans, and others, on the east, and by the Romans and others on the west; and his redeeming his chosen from distress on every hand, Psalm The Jews lifting up the voice in Bashan, imported their mourning, as the Chaldeans made their noisy march through that country to ruin their kingdom, Jerem.hill in which God desireth to dwell. There

lxviii. 22.

xxii. 20.*

blood of sacrifices, or holy water for washing, might represent the ordinances of the gospel, that bring near to us the blood and Spirit of Christ, in their cleansing and sanctifying virtue, Exod. xii. 22. and xxiv. 6. 1 Kings vii. 40.

extraordinary property: So the cedars of civ. 16. In like manner, the Psalmist here Lebanon are called, trees of the Lord, Psal. admits that Bashan was a hill of God; that is, great and remarkable for its height. Bashan, however, and all other high hills were not to be compared with Zion, the

fore it was to be regarded by other hills, not as an object of contempt or envy, but rather of reverence and admiration. Some have observed that the Hebrew word ren

* Psal. lxviii. 15, 16. The hill of God isdered leap is used in the Arabic for obas the hill of Bashan; an high hill, as the kill of Bashan. Why leap ye, ye high hills? When the divine name, in scripture, is added to a substantive, it expresses some

serving and laying snares. The church of God, which was typified by Zion, has many enemies that regard her with pride, envy and hatred.

measure. Some think there was a common and sacred bath; the last containing a third more than the former; because in one place Solomon's brazen sea is said to contain 5000 baths, and in another 2000; but without supposing this, that vessel might or dinarily hold 2000, and at a stretch, when filled to the brim, hold 3000: or its foot might contain the third thousand, 1 Kings vii. 26. 2 Chron. iv. 5.

had an accursed Canaanite for father || bats in Brazil, Madagascar, and Malor mother, Deut. xxiii. 2. Jephthah, dives, fasten upon persons whom they a bastard of extraordinary character, find sleeping with any member unwas deliverer and judge of Israel, covered, suck their blood, and leave Judg. xi. The bastard that dwelt in them bleeding to death.-Bats being Ashdod, might be Alexander the unclean under the law, might repreGreat, whom his mother declared sent persons fearful, unbelieving, igsuch, or rather, any foreigners who norant, and hypocritically wickedhad no right to the place, Zech. ix. 6. But some render the word Hatalaph, Bastards, or mother's children, in the a swallow, Lev. xi. 19. Deut. xiv. 19. family of God, are those who, in res- BATH, a measure for liquids, the pect of external prefession, have the same as the ephah for corn; it conchurch for their mother, but were tained almost 1748 solid inches, was never savingly adopted and begotten equal to above 17 Scotch pints, or of God, Heb. xii. 8. Song i. 6. three pecks, three pints, and some BAT, (called also by us lapwing, more than 12 inches of the Winchesand flittermouse, by the Latins vesper-ter measure; or seven gallons, four tilen,) a four-footed beast of the raven-and above an half-pint English wine ous kind. In its upper jaw it has six fore-teeth, acute and distant from each other: in the lower, six acute but contiguous. It has eight tusks, two above and two below, on each side. Every foot has five toes, and these of the fore-feet are connected with a membrane, and expand into a sort of wings. This animal has often been ranked with birds; but it has the mouth of a quadruped, not the beak of a bird; it is covered with hair, not feathers; it produces its young alive, BATHE; to steep in water or o not from eggs; and in general much ther moisture, Lev. xv. 5. God's resembles a mouse. [And in reality, sword is bathed in heaven, when his it only appears to be a bird by its fly-judgments are prepared for a terrible ing.] The female has two paps, and infliction, as swords are hardened for brings forth two young ones at a birth; slaughter; being steeped in liquor, while these are incapable to provide Isa. xxxiv. 5. for themselves, she flies about with them clinging to her paps, and sometimes hangs them on a wall. During the winter, bats cover themselves with their wings, and hang asleep in dry caves or old buildings. During the summer, they hide themselves in the day, and flutter about in the evening, catching moths, and other insects. Some bats have tails, and others have none: they can hardly be tamed, but feed on insects, oil, cheese, tallow, &c. Some bats in China are said to be as large as pullets, and some in Golconda larger than hens, and are eaten by the inhabitants. The large

BATHSHEBA, or BATHSHUA, the daughter of Eliam or Ammiel, perhaps granddaughter of Ahithophel and wife of Uriah the Hittite. While her husband was employed in the siege of RABBAH, she happened to bathe herself, it seems in her garden; David espied her from the top of his adjacent palace; and being informed who she was, sent for her, and lay with her. Falling with child, she informed king David thereof, that he might devise how to conceal their guilt. He sent directly for Uriah as if he had intended to learn the affairs of the siege; but the real design, was

||

mon. When by Adonijah's instiga tion she petitioned for his being allowed to marry Abishag his father's concubine, Solomon, however hon ourably he received her, did, with no small spirit, and with marks of displeasure, reject her petition, 1 Kings i. and ii. 13—25.

The battle is not to the

to give him an opportunity of being with his wife, and so be reputed the father of the child. Uriah came, and after a few trifling questions concerning the state and progress of the army, David ordered him home to his house, and sent a collation from his own table after him. Determined by Providence, and his own continence BATTLE, a warlike contest, or and bravery, Uriah thought it below engagement, Deut. xx. 3. The Jewhim to riot in pleasure, while his fel-ish wars are called the battles of the low-soldiers encamped on the field; || Lord, because fought by his people aand so slept with the guards at the pa-gainst his enemies; and he often exlace-gate. Informed hereof, David pressly directed, and gave signal vicnext day called him to his table, and tory therein, 1 Sam. xvii. 17. 2 to inflame his appetite, made him Chron. xxxii. 8. To turn the battle drink heartily, and then ordered him to the gate, is to fight valiantly, and home. Uriah again slept with the drive back the enemy, who hath got as guards, and excused himself to the it were, into the heart of the city, Isa. king, by alledging that it was impro- xxviii. 6. per for him to enjoy the embraces of his wife, while Joab and the army, nay the ark of God, were encamped in the open field. Vexed with this disappointment, David sent him back to the army, with a letter, directing Joab how to accomplish his murder. | Bathsheba quickly hearing of her husband's death, and having mourned in the ordinary manner, David sent for, and married her. The child begot ten in adultery was scarce born when it sickened, and, notwithstanding David's repentance and fasting, died, as had been threatened by Nathan in the name of the Lord.-Bathsheba was, however, honoured to bear David other four sons, one Solomon, another Nathan, both ancestors of Jesus Christ, 2 Sam. xi. and xii. 1 Chron. iii. 5.Matth. i. 6. Luke iii. 31.

strong, is not always gained by the most powerful, Eccl. ix. 11. The Lord fought with Sennacherib's army in battles of shaking: by the shaking of his hand, an easy display of power, he cut them off with a terrible and a larming destruction, Isa. xxx. 32. and xxxvii. 36. Battle-axe, a heavy axe to cut down trees, houses, &c. in the way of an army; or to hew down whatever stood in the way of victory.— The Chaldeans are called God's battle-axe, and weapons of war; by them he destroyed the nations around, Jer. li. 20. Battle-bow, either a bow to shoot with in war, or an army of archers and excellent warriors, Zech. ix. 10. and x. 4.*

BATTLEMENT, a wall around the top of flat roofed houses, as those

Bathsheba, it seems, was extremely careful in the education of her chil- * The battles of the Lord, were between dren, particularly of Solomon, conthe church and her enemies all along uncerning whom many promises had also under the New, when the Captain of der the Old Testament dispensation; and been made: the last chap. of Proverbs her salvation, having erected his standard perhaps contains part of her instruc- at Jerusalem, and having collected many tions, Prov. iv. 3. and xxxi. David soldiers toit there, rode forth before them, having promised to her, that Solomon conquering and to conquer. His apostles her son should be his successor, a were the leaders of his bands, and good soldiers of Jesus Christ they have proved. warm remonstrance from her and Na-Sore has been the conflict, and the butle than the prophet prevented Adonijah, of the great day of God Almighty will courand procured the coronation of Solo-plete it, Revel. xvi. 14.

of the Jews and some other eastern || near the river Pison, Gen. ii. 12. nations generally were, to prevent and the manna resembled it in cofalling from them, or to fight from lour, Numb. xi. 7. After all, the with an enemy; or it may signity the learned exceedingly disagree about towers, walls, and fortifications of ci- the nature of bdellium, and the manties, Jer. v. 10. Whatever Jew had ner of its production; nor do we not a Battlement on his roof, was held know if the modern be the same guilty of the death of him who fell with the ancient.-Some will have from it, Deut. xxi. 8. BEDOLAH in scripture to signify a precious stone, fine chrystal, or steel; and the great Bochart contends that it denotes pearls, plenty of which are fished not far from the mouth of the Pison in the Persian gulf.

BATTER; to beat down, 2 Sam.

xx. 15.

BE; AM, IS, ARE; (1.) To exist; have a being, Rom. iv. 17. (2.) To exist in and of one's self, independently of all others. Hence God's name, I AM THAT I AM, or I WILL BE THAT I WILL BE, denotes his eternal, independent, self-existence; and his free, unchangeable, liberal, and everlasting communication of his goodness, Exod. iii. 14. (3.) To be made; become, Jer. xxxii. 38. (4.) To be openly manifested; appear to

BAY; (1) A reddish colour, inclining to chesnut; but some render AMUTZTZIM, a strong, starting-coloured; speckled with black and white, Zech. vi. 3. (2.) BAY-TREE is of that kind of plants which have nine stamina, and one style in the flower. It has no calyx, but the corolla consists of six hollow, erect, and oval pointed petals. Its fruit is a drupe of an oval-pointed figure; the seed is a single oval-pointed nut, and its kernel of the same shape. This tree propagates by seed, in most countries which are moderately warm. It spreads wide and hath a most beauti-be, Rom. xiv. 9. Matth. v. 45. Luke ful flourish. Unless the winter be se- vi. 35. John xii. 36. (5.) To be set vere, it retains its verdure, but quick- apart to, Judg. xi. 31. To be the ly grows old, and decays. Tourne- Lord's, or for him, is to be espoused fort mentions five kinds of it. Wick- to his Son, dedicated to his service, ed men are likened to it; their pow- aim at his glory, and obey his com er and influence is often extensive; mandments, Hos. iii. 3. Zech. ix. 7. their victories, honour, and prosperi- The Lord's being with us, or for us, ty, make a glorious appearance; but imports his favouring us with his how soon are matters changed, and love, assisting us by his power, and they reduced to wretchedness and satisfying us with his goodness, Judg. contempt! Psal. xxxvii. 35, 36.* vi. 14. Rom. viii. 31. 1 Chron. xxii. 16. (6.) To be reputed; judged; esteemed, 1 Cor. vii. 14. (7.) To be highly esteemed among men; and hence what is contemned is repre sented as not being, 1 Cor. i. 28. (8.) To be like unto; so Christ is called a rose and lily, Song ii. 1. John xv. 1. (9.) To represent; signify: thus circumcision is called God's cove nant, because a sign and seal of it, Gen. xvii. 10; the paschal lambthe passover, because a sign to com memorate the angel's passing the houses of the Hebrews, Exod. xii. 11. and xiii. 9; the kine and

BDELLIUM, a gum or rosin, somewhat resembling myrrh. It is found in single drops of a very irregular size, some of which are as big as a hazle-nut. Its colour is dusky, and its taste bitterish; it powerfully softens and cleanses when it is new and fresh. There was plenty of it

*The word here rendered Bay, is translated Cedar in the Septuagint and Vulgate; and Laurel in the High Dutch, Finch, and in the versions of Diadati and Ains. worth.

over