BOAST; to esteem and speak highly, 2 Chron. xxv. 19. The saints boast of, or in God, or GLORY in Christ, when they rejoice in, highly value, and commend him; and loudly publish the great things he has done for them, Psal. xxxiv. 2. Isa. xlv. 25.

rious exertion of his power, to convince, purge, refresh, and comfort his people, Song iv. 16. John iii. 8. But God's blowing on what men have, or the blowing of his Spirit on them, imports his easy, sudden, mysterious, and full destruction of them, and blasting what they have, Hag. i. 9.—Sinners boast of God and his law, Isa. xl. 7, 24. With respect to war, the blowing of trumpet and cornet, imported the approach of the enemy; or a call to muster an army to oppose him, Jer. vi. 1. Hosea v. 8. The blowing of the silver trumpets, or rams' || horns, by the priests at Jericho, and at their festivals and marches to war, prefigured the preaching of the gospel, to conquer all opposition, and invite sinners to feast on, and war against their spiritual enemies, along with Christ, Numb. x. Josh. vi.

BLUE. In types and emblems, it might signify heavenliness, purity, || bumility, &c. Exodus xxv. 4. and xxvi. 1, 31, 36. and xxviii. 31. Prov.

xx. 30.

BLUNT. A blunt iron, is an emblem of a weak judgment, small strength, and little opportunity; in which case, more pains and labour must be used, Eccl. x. 10.

BLUSH; to evidence shame in the countenance. It is a token of humility, and of a sense of guilt or imperfection, Ezra ix. 6. Jer. vi. 15. and viii. 12.

BOANERGES. See JAMES the son of Zebedee.

BOAR, an uncastrated male swine. The wild kind are extremely fierce and revengeful. The wild boar out of the forest, which wasted God's vine, was the Philistines and Syrians; or rather the Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Romans, who with great fierceness and cruelty, destroyed the Jews, Psal.

lxxx. 13.

when they vaunt that God is related to them, and of their having and obeying his word, Rom. ii. 17, 23.To boast or glory of one's self, or in wickedness, is sinful, 1 Cor. i 29. Psalm x. 3. Glory not, and lie not against the truth; do not proudly and deceitfully pretend to have true wisdom and zeal for God, when you have it not, James iii. 14.

BOAZ, or Booz, a noble and wealthy Jew, son of Salmon and RAHAB, who dwelt in Bethlehem; and after much kindness to Ruth, a poor Moabitish widow, married her, and had by her a son called Obed. As about 360 years elapsed between the marriage of Salmon and the birth of David, some have supposed two or three of the name of Boaz; but a fourfold genealogy concurs to overthrow such a supposition, Ruth iv. 20, 21, 22. 1 Chron. ii. 11-15. Matth. i. 5, 6. Luke iii. 31, 32. nor is it necessary; Boaz might be born about 60 years after the death of Moses. In the 100th year of his life, he married Ruth, and had Obed. In the 100th year of his life, Obed had Jesse. About the same age, Jesse had David, the youngest of his sons. Was Boaz a figure of our blessed Redeemer, who, though great and wealthy, thought on us sinners of the Gentiles; and, after manifold tokens of kindness, espoused us to himself, as his church and people: Ruth i. to iv. Isa. liv. 1—6. BOAZ was also the name of the pillar that stood on the north-side of the porch of the temple, 1 Kings vii. 21.

brews assembled some time after BOCHIM, a place where the He

William the Conquerer punished with the loss of their eyes, any that were convicted of killing the wild-boar, as appears from the laws of Hoel Dda, Leges Wal-Joshua's death. Probably it was near ficae, 41. Cyclo. SHILOH, where they met at their so

BOD

212

lema feasts. Here a prophet came ||tual and eternal death, Rom. vi. 6. to them from Gilgal, or rather the and vii. 24. The body of types, is Angel JEHOVAH in fashion of a man, what is prefigured by them, Col. ii. and upbraided them with their aposta- 17. The body of Moses, concerning cy to the idols Baalim and Ashtaroth, which the devil disputed, is either his and with their neglect to extirpate the natural body, the secret burial of which accursed Canaanites; and threatened, Satan opposed: or his ceremonies, that these people should thenceforth the abolishment and disuse of which, continue among them, and be an en-under the gospel, he warmly strove The body of heaven snaring and vexatious plague to them. against, Jude 9. This occasioned a bitter weeping a-in its clearness, is its unclouded blue unnumbered mong the people, and thence the place appearance, with the stars sparkling brightly therein, Ex. had its name, Judg. ii. 1—10. xxiv. 10. Other sins are without a person's body; that is, the body is only instrument, not object thereof: but fornication is a sin against the body: the body is both instrument therein, and object defiled thereby, 1 Cor. vi. 18.

BOHEMIAN Brethren, a sect of Christian reformers which sprung up in Bohemia in the year 1467. They treated the pope and cardinals as Antichrist, and the church of Rome as the whore spoken of in the Revelation. They rejected the sacraments of the Romish church, and chose laymen for their ministers. They held the Scriptures to be the only rule of faith, and rejected the Popish ceremonies in the celebration of the mass, nor did they make use of any other prayer than the Lord's prayer.

BODY, the material part of a man or thing. In the present state our body is natural; and in the future state shall be spiritual; that is, so refined, as to need no meat or drink; so active, as to be no clog to our soul, 1 Cor. xv. 44. The body is dead, beBOHAN, a Rheubenite, who it cause of sin; but the Spirit is life, beseems did some noted exploits in the cause of righteousness. Because we have sin, our body must die a natural conquest of Canaan, and had a stone death, but through Christ's righte-reared to his honour, on the frontier ousness, the quickening Spirit of God between Judah and Benjamin, Josh. shall make our souls live happily for | xv. 6. and xviii. 17. evermore, Rom. viii. 10. Our whole man, and Christ's whole manhood, are called a body, because the body is most obvious and visible, Rom. vi. 12. Heb. x. 5; and the last is called the body of his flesh, to represent it in its humbled estate, and distinguish it from his mystical body the church, Col. i. 22. Christ's body may sometimes denote himself, as fulfilling all righteousness for us, Rom. vii. 4. Heb. x. 10. The church is called Christ's body: it consists of many members or persons united to him, and to one another, by faith, love, and ministry of word and sacraments; and by him is every true member quickened, strengthened, and supported, Eph. iv. 16. Col. ii. 19. 1 Cor. xii. 12, 13. Our inward corruption is called a body of sin and death. It consists of numerous lusts connected together, is of a base nature, and disposes men to seek after, and delight in carnal things. It is altogether sinful, the cause of sinful aots, and a thief ingredient of spiri

In 1504, they were accused by the Catholics to King Ladislaus II. who published an edict against them, forbidding them to hold any meetings either privately or publicly. This sect, in 1535, concluded a union with the Lutherans, and afterwards with the Zuinglians, whose opinions from thenceforth they continued to follow. Ency.

To BOIL. The foaming of the sea, and grievous inward distress, are likened to the boiling of a pot, to de

BOIL, a swelling, burning, and painful sore, Job ii. 7. Exod. ix. 9, 10, 11.

note great disquiet, and overturning || jection to the oppressive service of confusion, xli. 31. and xxx. 27. sin and Satan, 2 Pet. ii. 19. (4.) A condition of fear, heaviness, and compuision of the law on the conscience, causing us to do good, to procure heaven and abstain from evil, for fear of hell, Heb. ii. 15. (5.) Subjection to the heavy and burdensome yoke of the ceremonial law,* Gal. ii. 4. and iv. 9. and v. 1.

BOLD; courageous; with strong assurance; without slavish fear, Prov. xxviii. 1. Heb. iv. 16. and x. 19. and xiii. 6. Eph. vi. 20.

Mount Sinai gendereth to bondage: these under the broken covenant there published, or now under the ceremonial law, are by virtue thereof, under the tyrannical dominion of Satan and their lusts: they abstain from sin, merely for fear of punishment; and do good, merely for hopes of reward, Gal. iv. 24. The. bondage of corruption, to which irrational creatures are subject, is their

subject to the effects of God's displeasure with the sinners who abuse them, Rom. viii. 21.

BOND; (1.) A band or chain,|| Acts xxv. 14. (2.) An obligation, or vow, Numb. xxx. 12. (3.) Oppression; captivity; affliction outward or inward, Psal. cxvi. 16. Phil. i. 7. (4.) The just laws of God or men, which restrain our sinful liberty, and unite us into a body in church or state, Jer. v. 5. The bond of the covenant, is a confirmed state in the covenant of grace, and dispensation thereof: this secures our eternal hap-being instruments of wickedness, and piness; binds us up in the bundle of life with Christ, and lays us under the most deep and lasting obligations to be his; Ezek. xx. 37. Charity, or love, is the bond of perfectness. It promotes a close union among churchmembers, renders their gifts and graces subservient to their mutual progress towards perfect holiness and happiness, Col. iii. 14. Peace with God, with our conscience, and with one another, is a bond, which kindly unites the affections, designs and exercises of church-members, Eph. iv.|| 3. The bond of kings, which God iooseth, is that majesty, power and authority, which keeps their subjects in awe and obedience, which he sometimes takes away, Job xii. 18. The bond of iniquity, is the state of sin, in|| which, by the curse of the law, and our own corruptions, our whole desires, thoughts, words, and actions, are shut up to the service of unrighteousness, Acts viii. 23.

BOND, such as are in slavery and bondage, 1 Cor. xii. 13. Rev. vi. 15. BONDAGE; (1.) Outward slavery; hard service and oppression, Exod. vi. 5. Ezra ix. 8, 9. (2.) Restraint, 1 Cor. vii. 15. (3.) Spiritual slavery to the broken law, and sub

BONES. (1.) The hard parts of animal bodies, which support their form, Job x. 11. (2.) A dead body, 1 Kings xiii. 31. 2 Kings xiii. 21. (3.) The whole man, Psal. xxxv. 10. A troubled soul is likened to broken, burnt,pierced, shaken, or rotten bones: its distress is very painful, lasting, and difficult of cure, Psal. li. 8. Lam. i. 13. Psal. xlii. 10. Jer. xxiii. 9.— Hab. iii. 16. To be bone of one's bone, and flesh of his flesh; or a member of his flesh and bones, is to have the same nature and the nearest relation and affection, 2 Sam. v. 1. Gen. ii. 23. Eph. v. 30. To pluck the flesh off one's bones, or to break and chop them, is most cruelly to oppress and murder, Mic. iii. 2, 3. Iniquities are in and on mens bones, when their body is polluted by them, lies under the guilt or fearful punishment of them, Job xx. 11. Ezek. xxxii. 27.

BONNETS. According to the Jews, bonnets and mitres are the same,

ed as necessary, besides the righteousness While the keeping of it was considerof Christ, in order to acceptance with God.

and were made of a piece of linen 16 || God on stone, probably marble. In yards long, which covered their very ancient times the Persians and priests' head, in form of an helmet: || Ionians wrote on skins. When Attathat of the common priests being lus formed his library, about A. M. roundish, and that of the high-priest 3770, he either invented or improved pointed at the top. Josephus wili parchment. This, when written on, have the bonnet of the common priests was either sewed together in long to have been made of a great many roils, and written only on one side, in rounds of linen, sewed into the form the manner of the copy of the law now of a crown, and the whole covered used in the Jewish synagogues; or, with a fold of plain linen, to hide the it was formed in the manner of our seams; and the high-priest to have books. Some Indian books are exhad another above this, of a violet co-tant written on leaves of the Malabar lour, which was encompassed with a palm-tree. I am mistaken, if I triple crown of gold, with small but-did not once sce a Persian manutons of henbane flowers, interrupted script written on such materials. in the forepart with the golden plate, Books now, and for about 500 years inscribed, HOLINESS TO THE LORD. backward, have been generally writThese bonnets and mitres of the ten on linen paper. priests represented the pure and excellent royalty of our blessed High Priest Christ, Exod. xxvii. 40. The linen bonnets of New-Testament min-iated and fixed, Psal. cxxxix. 16. Rev. isters, import their gravity; their v. 1. and x. 2; or his providential care subjection to God; the purity of their and support of mens natural life, Exo. power, and the cleanness of their xxxii. 32. Psal. Ixix. 28; or his omknowledge and doctrine, Ezekiel niscient observation, and fixed rexliv. 18. membrance of things, Psal. lvi. 8.— Mal. iii. 16. The purpose of election is called a book of life: therein all God's chosen ones are marked out for the enjoyment of eternal life; and every mean of their preparation for it is unalterably fixed. And it is cal led the Lamb's book, because they were chosen in, and given to Christ, Phil. iv. 3. Rev. xiii. 8. Mens con

The book of the Lord, is either the scriptures, Isa. xxxiv. 16; or his purpose, wherein every thing is regu

BOOK, a written register of events, or declaration of doctrines and laws, Gen. v. 1. Esth. vi. I. The books of Moses are the most ancient in being nor does it appear that any were written before them. Josephus says, the children of Seth, before the flood, wrote their discoverics in arts, and in astronomy and other sciences, upon two pillars: the one of stone, to with-science is like to a book; it records stand a deluge: and the other of brick, to endure a conflagration: but the obscurity of his narrative, and the want of concurring evidence, render his account very suspicious. Moses's books are called, the book of the law; and a copy of Deuteronomy, if not the whole of them, was laid up in some repository of the ark, Deut. xxxi. 26. Anciently men used to write upon tables of stone, lead, copper, wood, wax, bark, or leaves of trees. Hesiod's works were written on tables of lead; the Roman laws on twelve tables of brass; Solon's on wood: and these of

whatever they have done, Dan. vii. 10. The opening of the books at the last day denotes the manifestation of the purposes and words of God, and the exact procedure in judgment, according to divine purposes, laws, and real facts, Rev. xx. 12. Christ's opening the sealed book, imports his predeclaration, and exact fulfilment of the purposes of God, relative to the New-Testament church, Rev. v. 6. and viii. 1. John's eating the little book given him by the Angel, and its being sweet in his mouth but bitter in his belly, denotes his consideration

and understanding of it with pleas-(3.) The unjust forcing of mens

ure; and his being deeply affected with the events therein grievous to the church, Rev. x. 9, 10.* †

BOOTH, a kind of a tent, formed of branches of trees, for persons or cattle to lodge in, Gen. xxxiii. 17.

BOOTY, PREY, SPOIL; (1.) What a wild beast catcheth for its provision, Amos iii. 4. (2.) What is taken by conquerors and robbers, ravaging like wild beasts, Job xxiv. 5. Isa. x. 2.

goods from them, is called a spoil, Jer. xx. 8. and vi. 7. Of the booty taken from the MIDIANITES, the warriors had the one half, and God a 500th part of it; the congregation of Israel had the other half, and the Lord a 50th part of it; but this appears to have been no standing law, Numb. xxxi. David enacted a law, that the troops which guarded the baggage, should share equally of the booty, as

this roll, was considered a crime; it was therefore managed by the ends or handle.

As instances of the scarcity of books, in 1446, it was a law in St. Mary's college at Oxford, "Let no scholar occupy a book in the library above one hour or two hours at most; so that others shall be hindered from the use of the same."

The book of the wars of the Lord, Numb. xxi. 14. seems to signify a narra tion of the wars of the Israelites, who fought under the banner of Jehovah: the || verse may be rendered in this manner :Wherefore in the narration of the wars of the Lord there is (or shall be) mention of what he did in the Red-sea and in the brooks of || Arnon. Rivet observes that sepher pro- "In 855, Lupus abbot of Ferriers in perly signifies a catalogue or enumera-France, sent two of his monks to pope Betion; but that it is used for any writing long or short. Leigh's Critica Šacra and Le Clerc.

The book of Jasher mentioned in Jos. x. 13. and 2 Sam. i. 18. seems to have been a faithful narration of the memorable affairs of the Israelitish nation.

The Chronicles, or book of the words or affairs of the days of the kings of Judah and Israel, 1 Kings xiv. 19. xv. 7. by which we are not to understand the books in our Bibles called Chronicles; but a large book|| kept for recording all the transactions of each reign. It is not necessary to suppose that these books ever belonged to the inspired or canonical scriptures: for we find the sacred writers sometimes referring to or quoting human writings, Acts xvii. 28. Tit. i. 12.

† Of profane books, the oldest extant are Homer's poems; Greek writers mention 70 others prior to Homer; as Hermes, Orpheus, Daphe, Horus, Linus, Musæus, Palamedes, Zoroaster, &c. some of which are thought, by the learned, to be suppositious.

nedict III. to beg a copy of Cicero de Ora tore, and Quintilian's Institutes, and some other books: for,(says the abbot) although we have part of these books, yet there is no whole or complete copy of them in all France."

In 1299, John de Pontissara, bishop of Winchester, on borrowing a Bible with annotations, gave his bond, drawn up with great solemnity, for its due return.-And such was esteemed the importance of the purchase of a book in the 14th century, that many respectable people were called toge ther to witness the contract; and make a formal record of the transaction; of which the following is an instance, as found in the royal manuscripts of Peter Lombard :

"This book of the Sentences belongs to master Robert archdeacon of Lincoln, which he bought of Geoffrey the chaplain, brother of Henry vicar of Northelkington, in the presence of master Robert de Lee, master John of Lerling, Richard of Luda clerk, Richard the almoner, the said Henry the vicar, and his clerk and others; and the said archdeacon gave the said book to God and saint Oswald, and to Peter abbot of Barton, and the convent of Bardon."

The first books were in the form of blocks and tables; then in the form of rolls, com- Books were burnt among the Romans by posed of several sheets fastened to each o- legal sentence, for a kind of punishment: ther and rolled upon a stick or umbilicus;||--Labienus had all his books burnt, which the whole volume when extended might|| had been published during seven years. make a yard and a half wide, and 50 long; "The thing (says Seneca) then appeared the ends of this roll, called cornua, were new and strange, to take revenge on frequently adorned with silver, ivory or learning!" oven gold and precious stones; to touch

Encyclo.