pression of the Holy Ghost, and brought, as it were, to a particular place, Rev. xvii. 3. CARPOCRATINS, a branch of the ancient Gnostics, so called from Carpocrates, who in the second century revived and improved upon the errors of Simon Magus, Menander, Saturnius, and other Gnostics. He taught that the soul could not be purified till it had committed all kinds of abominations, making that a neces-perior; nor speak to any person withsary condition of perfection. Ency. CARRIAGE; load of man, or beast; baggage, Acts xxi. 15. Isa. x. 28. Or that on which a thing is carried, Isa. xlvi. 1. CARRY; (1.) To bear; remove, 2 Sam. xv. 29. (2.) To support; protect; and keep safe, Isa. xlvi. 3, 4. (3.) To lead or drive, Gen. xxxi. 18. (4.) To cause to ride, 1 Chron. xiii. 7. The Philistines, and other Gentiles, carry the Jews, when they promote their conversion to Christ, and their return to their own land; and they carry the members of the church, when they join themselves to her, and promote her welfare, Isa. xi. 14. and xlix. 22. To be carried about of false doctrines, or tempests, is to be unfixed in our belief of divine truth, and easily seduced into error, the most stupid and self-inconsistent, Eph. iv. 14. Heb. xiii. 9. 2 Pet. ii. 17. To be carried away of Satan's flood, is to be utterly seduced into error, or utterly destroyed, Rev. xii. 15. To be carried away in the Spirit, is to be affected by an extraordinary im Macedonian kings, particularly, Antiochus Epiphanes. And the four carpenters, who came to fray away and to cast out these horns of the Gentiles, were, in the opinion of that celebrated writer, Cyrus, the Greeks under Themistocles and Cimon, Alexander the Great, who, it is said, succeeded to the kingdom of Macedonia on the same day, on which Darius Codomannus was raised to the Persian empire, and Judas Maccabeus. It is certain, that by the horns are intended some eminent and remarkable adversaries of the church of God; and by the carpenters, such as God made -ui strumental in subduing them and delivering his people. VOL. I. CARTHUSIANS, a religious order formed in the year 1080, by one Brudo, remarkable for its austerity. They are not to go out of their cells, except to church, without leave of their su out leave. They must not keep any portion of their meat or drink till next day; their beds are of straw, covered with a felt; their clothing two haircloths, two cowls, two pair of hose, and a cloke, all coarse. Women are not allowed to come into their churches. Ency. CARVE; to cut figures or images in wood, stone, metal, 1 Kings vi. 18. CASEMENT; a window, or the grate of it, Prov. vii. 6. CASIPHIA. To this place Ezra, when he came from Babylon to Judea, sent for some priests to attend him. The coast of the Caspian sea appears too distant to have been this place. It seems rather to have been near Babylon, Ezra viii. 17. CASSIA, a kind of the decandria monogynia class of plants. Its flower is composed of five petals, arranged in a circular form. The pistil, which arises from the midst of these, is a pod, sometimes roundish, and sometime flatted, and having a variety of cells, wherein are lodged a vast many seeds. Tournefort mentions ten kinds of Cassia, five of them of a stinking smell. It grows in various places of the east, as well as in America. The fragrant cassia, which is said to have been the bark of the tree, was one of the sweet spices, from which the anointing oil was extracted; and was sometimes used to perfume garments. It signified the savoury and medicinal graces of the Holy Ghost, Exod. xxx. 24. Psal. xiv. 8.* aromatic bark of an oriental tree of the According to others, Cassia is the same name,-not much unlike cinnamon. Both Theophrastus and Virgil mention it as used to perfume ointments. 2 K CAS them; and if but one appeared at CATCH: to lay hold on; to car CAST. To cast young, is to mis- || carry, or to bring them forth before the time, Gen. xxxi. 38. Exod. xxiii. 26. To cast metal, is to melt and mould it into a particular shape, Exod. xxv. 12. To cast off; cast away; is to give up with; disdainful-ry or draw quickly; to entangle and ly or wrathfully reject, Judg. xv. 17. make a prey of, Exod. xxii. 6. Mark Ézek. xviii. 31. Rom. xi. 11. God xii. 13. Ministers catch men, when casts on men, and spares not, when he they are instrumental in converting terribly punishes them, Job xxvii. 22. them to Christ by the gospel, Luke v. 10. with Acts ii. 14-41. The false God's casting sin behind his back, or into the depths of the sea, imports his apostles pretended Paul caught his complete forgiveness of it, and his hearers by guile, in using indirect medetermined purpose never to punish thods of procuring their money, 2 us for it, Isa. xxxviii. 17. Mic. vii. Cor. xii. 16. Satan and his agents 19. To cast out, is to reject and cast catch away the good seed, or word of into hell, Matth. viii. 12. John xv. 6; God, when they make men quickly to excommunicate from the church, lose the remembrance and impression John ix. 35. The Jewish children of of what they heard, and hinder their the kingdom were cast out, when ex-putting it in practice, Matth. xiii. 9. cluded from a visible church-state, False teachers catch and scatter thrown out of the peculiar favour of Christ's sheep, by entangling them God into terrible miseries, and mul- in their error, or raising persecution titudes cast into hell, Matth. vii. 12. against them, John x. 12. Jesus Christ will not cast out any that come to him; however guilty, pollu-question and answer. ted, rebellious, and infamous, he will kindly receive, and save them, John vi. 37. The casting of Satan to the earth, may import his loss of his worship in the Heathen idols; his re-insects, that prey upon and consume straint from hurting the true church, the leaves and fruits of trees, herbs, and being only permitted to rage a- flowers, and grass. Their kinds and mong Heathens and reprobates, Rev. eggs are very numerous; and it is eggs of another. xii. 9. Men's casting God's words said, one destroys the behind them, when they forget, reject, Butterflies pass through the state of and contemn them, Psal. 1. 17. They caterpillars, and therein spin a kind of cast away their transgressions, when silk out of their own bowels. By cathey repent of, reform from, and ab-terpillars the Lord plagued the Egyphor them, Ezek. xviii. 31. with Hos. ii. 2. CATECHISE; to instruct by It is the duty of ministers, masters and parents, so to instruct those under their charge, Gal. vi. 6.* Deut. iv. 10. CATERPILLARS; soft or rough The Greek word here used signifies CASTAWAY. See REPROBATE. CASTLE; a strong house or fort, to teach the rudiments or elements of any doctrine, particularly those of the Chrisfit to withstand the attacks of an enetian religion, as in catechising, Prov. xxii. Gen. xxv. 16. 2 Chron. xiii. 12.6. Hanoch lanagnar gnal-pi, Instrye vel inmy, CASTOR and PULLUX, were itia puerum ad os, that is, Teach the child reckoned the sons of Jupiter: they according to his capacity, even as nurses were heroes who cleared the sea of feed children with such meats as they are to their little mouths. In the margin, the pirates; and hence, were worshipped able to digest, and with little bits adapted by sailors and others, after their death.word is here rendered by our translators, The fiery exhalations which some- catechise. times appear at sea, they took for See Leigh's Critica Sacra. CATTLE, often comprehend all four-footed beasts; and sometimes only these of the more tame kinds, as horses, camels, asses, oxen, sheep, goats, deer, Gen. i. 25. and xxx. 43. In cattle the substance of the ancients did and still of some eastern and other people chiefly doth, consist: nor did the children of great men think it be- | low them to attend their flocks, Job i. Gen. xxix. Exod. ii. By the impression of the air, cattle know the approach of storms, Job xxxvi. 33. Men are likened to cattle: how naturally stupid are all of them! how mischievous some of them! how useful others! how necessary for all to be watched over, and provided for, by the providence of God! Ezek. xxxiv. 17. CAVE; an hole of the earth, chiefly in rocks, for men to lodge in. Caves were pretty common in Canaan, and the countries about. Strabo says, there were caves in Arabia sufficient to hold 4000 men. Vansleb mentions one in Egypt sufficient to | draw up 1000 horsemen in. In a cave The worm of the caterpillar kind, which made its appearance in various parts of the United States early in the summer of 1806, and which did much mischief to fields of young corn, wheat and grass, was found, on closely watching its transmutation, to assume the butterfly form, much like unto those which fly about candles in the summer evenings. How strangely doth Providence order the perfection of his works!-The worm creepeth into a but-1 terfly, and the seed of the fly, into the worm!-This worm was without the long soft down or hair, which the more common caterpillars are clothed with; it was from an inch and an half to two inches long; with stripes around its body; and was of a dark-brown, brown, and a greenish colour. Hogs devoured this creeping thing ravenously; and the Ichneuman, an active insect moving quickly through the ground like a mole, having forceps resembling the blowing beetle, also pursued and devoured them. They all disappeared in about a month from their first appearance. Swarms of the same kind of worm visited our country it is said about 14 years ago. CAUL. (1.) The midriff or network that covers the heart of some animals, Exod. xxix. 13. (2.) A covering of net-work for women's heads, Isa. iii. 18. To rend the caul of one's heart, is violently to bereave him of life, and as it were tear him asunder quick, in the manner of wild beasts, Hos. xiii. 8. CAUSE. (1.) Suit; controversy, Psal. xliii. 1. (2.) A ground or reason, 1 Sam. xvii. 29. (3.) Sake; account, 2 Cor. vii. 12. Without cause, or causeless, (1.) Without any reason, Sam. xxv. 31. (2.) Without a suffi cent reason, or distinguished offence, Prov. xxvi. 2. Job ii. 3. and ix. 17. CAUSEWAY; a way paved with stones or gravel. It probably means the raised way, between the palace of the kings of Judah, and the southwest entrance of the temple, 1 Chron. xxvi. 16. CEASE; (1.) To give over, 1 Sam. vii. 8. (2.) To be forgotten, Deut. xxxii. 16. (3.) To rest and become quiet, Judg. xv. 7. (4.) To be altogether wanting, Deut. xv. 11. (5.) To be removed by death, captivi cut down a vast many more, to be employed in their sieges, 1 Kings vi.. 36. Isa. xiv. 8. Cedar-wood was also used in the cleansing of lepers, and in the water of purificataion, Lev. xiv. 4. Numb. xvi. 6. ty, or the like, Lam. v. 14. (6.) To forbear trusting, or depending on, Prov. xxiii. 4. Isa. ii. 24. To avoid; abstain from, Isa. i. 16. Psal. xxxvii. 8. To cease from our own works, is to leave off obedience to our will as our rule; forbear resting on our own works Is Jesus Christ likened to a cedar as our righteousness before God; and for his strength, excellency, glorious depend on Christ's fulfilment of the height, refreshful shadow, constant law in our stead, and obey the law comeliness, delightfulness, duration, as a rule in the strength of his grace, and for his quickening and preserving Heb. iv. 10. He that hath suffered in influence? Is he not the great matethe flesh, hath ceased from sin; he that rial in the building of the church? is held in law as suffering with Christ, and doth he not purify us from our is freed from the guilt of sin; he that sinful leprosy, and loathsome death in hath experienced the power of trespasses and sins? Song v. 15.Christ's death on his conscience, hath Ezek. xvii. 23. Are the saints likenceased from the love and voluntary ed to cedars? Rooted and grounded service of sin; he that has cordially || in Christ the Rock of ages? they grow suffered a violent death for Christ's sake, has entirely got red of sin, his worst burden; he that mortifies his corruptions, and endures fiery trials for Christ's sake, hath cesased from the habitual practice of sin, 1 Pet. iv. 1. Without ceasing, frequently, earnestly, 2 Tim. i. 3. 1 Thess. v. 17. up to the stature of perfect men in him; and are the delightful protection and strength of nations and churches; never utterly wither, nor are totally dispirited under any storm, Psal. xcii. 12. Judg. ix. 15. Song i. 17. Isa. xli. 19. Song viii. 9. The Assyrians, Amorites, and other naCEDAR-TREE. Linnæus classes tions, are likened to cedars, to mark it among the junipers. Cedars spread their great strength, pride, and prostheir roots and branches exceedingly; perity, Ezek. xxxi. 3, 8. Amos ii. 9. they grow very high, and have a large Kings are likened to cedars, to figure and delightful shade: their leaves are out their high station, glorious excellike these of a rosemary, and continuclency, and their protection of others, alway green; their top is about 120 fect round; but in time of snow, is contracted into the form of a cone, that it may receive no more load than it is able to bear. The stump or stock is sometimes about 35 or 40 feet round. Its wood is of a beautiful brownish colour, hath a fragrant smell, and fine grain; and being bitter and distasteful to worms, is so incorruptible, that part of it was found On account of the durability of this fresh in the temple of Utica in Bar-wood, the ancients made use of cedar tables bary, about 2000 years old. It distils portance; as appears from the expression to write on, especially for things of iman useful gum; and its juice is said of Persius, Et cedro digna locutus.—A juice to preserve dead bodies from corrup- was also drawn from cedar, with which tion. Lebanon once abounded with they smeared their books and writings, or cedars: a great deal of them were other matters, to preserve them from cut down to build the temple, and a rotting, which is alluded to by Horace. variety of other structures in Canaan, Phoenicia, and Syria. The Chaldeans 2 Kings xiv. 9. Ezek. xvii. 3, 22.Proud and great men are likened to cedars; they seem, at least to themselves, firmly founded; they rise in a superiority above others, and for a while make a glorious and comely appearance, Isa. ii. 13. and x. 33, 34; and perhaps, Zech. xi. 2.* Cedar is indigenous to many parts of the United States: the cedar swamps of New Jersey are numerous, and the tree is pre CEDRON. See KIDRON. CELEBRATE; (1.) To praise; render famous, Isa. xxxviii. 18. (2.) To keep holy, Lev. xxiii. 32, 41. CELESTIAL; heavenly, 1 Cor. xv. 40. CELLAR; a storehouse for wine and other liquors, 1 Chron. xxvii. 28. rusalem. It was peopled partly with Heathens, and partly with Jews, which sometimes occasioned terrible contentions between them. Here Cornelius ived: here Herod was eaten up of worms: here Philip the deacon lived with his daughters: here Agabas foretold Paul's imprisonment at Jerusalem: here Paul was tried before CENCHREA. See CORINTH. Felix and Festus, and continued two CENSER; a golden vessel, per- years a prisoner, Acts x. 1. and xii. haps somewhat of the form of a cup, 23. and viii. 40. and xxi. 11. and with or without a handle. Therewith xxiii. and xxiv. chap. A respectathe priest carried fire and incense, to ble church continued here till the 7th burn before the Lord in the sanctuary, century. But in Acts ix. 30. it peror oracle. Did it represent the per-haps means Cæsarea-Philippi. son of Jesus, in which his intercession proceeds from unmatched love, and is founded on infinite sufferings? Lev. vi. 12. Heb. ix. 4. Rev. viii. 3, 5. CESAREA-PHILIPPI. Sce DAN. CHAFFED; highly provoked, 2 Sam. xvii. 8. CHAFF; the refuse of winnowed corn, Psal. i. 4. Wicked men, par CENTURION; a Roman officer who commanded an hundred soldiers.ticularly hypocrites, are likened to One of them, with great faith and humility, applied to Jesus for the miraculous cure of his servant. Another was converted by means of the earthquake, and similar events, which attended his death, Matth. viii. 5. and xxvii. 54. CEPHAS. See PETER. CEREMONIES; rites used in the Jewish worship. See TYPES. CERTAIN; (1.) Sure; fixed, Deuter. xiii. 14. (2.) Some one, Numb. xvi. 2. chaff: whatever defence they afford to the saints, who are good wheat in this world; yet, in themselves, they are worthless, barren, and inconstant, easily driven about with false doctrines, and tossed into ruin by the blast of God's wrathful judgments, Matth. iii. 12. Hos. xiii. 3. Isa. xli. 16. False doctrines are called chaff ; they are vile, useless, and unsubstantial, and cannot abide the trial of God's word, or Spirit, Jer. xxiii. 28. Fruitless projects are like chaff and stubble; they are unsubstantial, and easily overturned by the blasts of opposition, Isa. xxxiii. 11. The Assyrians were like the chaff of the mountains, when the angel destroyed most of their arCÆSAREA, anciently called Stra-my, and the rest fled home with great ton's Tower, was built by Herod the precipitation, Isa. xvii. 13. and xxxvii. Great, in honour of Augustus, and 7, 36, 37. called by his name. This city stood on the shore of the Meditterranean sea, about 75 miles north-west of Je CERTIFY; to give sure information, Ezra iv. 14. CESAR; the emperor of Rome, such as Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, &c. Luke ii. 1. * It was built at an immense charge and was the paragon of elegance and magnificence. But the master-piece was the port ferred for rails and shingles to any other: which was made as large as the Pyreus the fragrance of these swamps is truly de-at Athens, and afforded a safe station for lightful.-Cedar, red and white, also grows ships at a place where the south-west wind in various parts of the Western Country, beat so furiously, that there was formerly of which tubs and buckets are frequently no riding in the harbour without being made and are most esteemed. subject to imminent danger. |