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inward man, and infuse from above new and supernatural faculties into the minds of the renovated. This is called REGENERATION, and the regenerate are said to be PLANTED IN CHRIST.

REGENERATION IS THAT CHANGE OPERATED BY THE WORD AND THE SPIRIT, WHEREBY THE OLD MAN BEING DESTROYED, THE INWARD MAN IS REGENERATED BY GOD AFTER HIS OWN IMAGE, IN ALL THE FACULTIES OF HIS MIND, INSOMUCH THAT HE BECOMES AS IT WERE A NEW CREATURE, AND THE WHOLE MAN IS SANCTIFIED BOTH IN BODY AND SOUL, FOR THE SERVICE OF God, and the perFORMANCE OF GOOD WORKS. John iii. 3, 5. "except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.... exeept a man be born of water and the Spirit." 1 Pet. i. 23. “being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible.”

IS REGENERATED BY GOD; namely, the Father; for no one generates, except the Father. Psal. li. 10. "create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me." Ezek. xi. 19. "I will put a new spirit within you.” John i. 12, 13. "to them gave he power to become the sons of God.. which were born, not of blood.. but of God." iii. 5, 6. "except a man be born of water and the Spirit--;" where by the Spirit appears to be meant the divine power of the Father; for the Father is a Spirit; and, as was said before, no one generates except the Father. xvii. 17. "sanctify them through thy truth." Rom. viii. 11, 16. "but if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead- the Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God." Gal. iv. 6. " because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father." Eph. ii. 4, 5. "God who is rich in mercy.... hath quickened us together with Christ." I Thess. v. 23. "the very God of peace sanctify you wholly." Tit. iii. 5. "according to his mercy he saved us by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost." Heb. xiii. 20. "the God of peace.... make you perfect in every good work." 1 Pet. i. 3. "blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again." James i. 17, 18. "of his own will begat he us."

BY THE WORD AND THE SPIRIT. John xvii. 17. "sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth." James i. 18.

"of his own will begat he us with the word of truth." Eph. v. 26. "that he might cleanse it with the washing of water by the Word." 1 Cor. xii. 13. "by one Spirit we are all baptized into one body." Tit. iii. 5. "by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost."

THE INWARD MAN. John iii. 5, 6. " that which is born of the Spirit is spirit." Rom. vii. 22. "after the inward man.” THE OLD MAN BEING DESTROYED. Rom. vi. 6. "knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed." v. 11. "likewise reckon ye also yourselves to be dead indeed unto sin, but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord." 2 Cor. v. 17. "old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new." Col. iii. 9-11. "that ye have put off the old man with his deeds, and have put on the new man."

IN ALL THE FACULTIES OF HIS MIND; that is to say, in understanding and will. Psal. li. 10. "create in me a clean heart, O God." Ezek. xi. 19. "I will put a new spirit within you.... and I will give them an heart of flesh." xxxvi. 26.

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a new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you." Rom. xii. 2. "be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good.. will of God." Eph. iv. 23. "be renewed in the spirit of your mind." Philipp. ii. 13. "it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure." This renewal of the will can mean nothing, but a restoration to its former liberty.

AFTER HIS OWN IMAGE. Eph. iv. 24. "put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness." Col. iii. 9-11. “which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him." 2 Pet. i. 4. "that by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust." If the choice were given us, we could ask nothing more of God, than that, being delivered from the slavery of sin, and restored to the divine image, we might have it in our power to obtain salvation if willing. Willing we shall undoubtedly be, if truly free; and he who is not willing, has no one to accuse but himself. But if the will of the regenerate be not made free, then we are not renewed, but compelled to embrace sai. vation in an unregenerate state.

A NEW CREATURE. 2 Cor. 5. 17. "if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature." Gal vi. 15. "a new creature." Eph. iv. 24. "the new man." See also Col. iii. 10, 11. Hence some, less properly, divide regeneration into two parts, the mortifi cation of the flesh, and the quickening of the Spirit; whereas mortification cannot be a constituent part of regeneration, inasmuch as it partly precedes it, (that is to say, as corruption precedes generation) and partly follows it; in which latter capacity it belongs rather to repentance. On the other hand, the quickening of the spirit is as often used to signify resurrection as regeneration. John v. 21. as the Father raiseth up the dead and quickeneth them, even so the Son quickeneth whom he will." v. 25. "the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God, and they that hear shall live."

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THE WHOLE MAN. 1. Cor. vi. 15, 19. "know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you?" 1 Thess. v. 23. "the very God of peace sanctify you wholly, and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ."

FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF GOOD WORKS. 1 John ii. 29. "if ye know that he is righteous, ye know that every one that doeth righteousness is born of him." Eph. ii. 10. “ we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works."

IS SANCTIFIED. 1 John iii. 9. "whosoever is born of God, doth not commit sin; for his seed remaineth in him ; and he cannot sin, because he is born of God." v. 18. "whosoever is born of God, sinneth not, but he that is begotten of God keepeth himself, and that wicked one toucheth him not." Hence regeneration is sometimes termed sanctification, being the literal mode of expressing that, for which regeneration is merely a figurative phrase. 1 Cor. vi. 11. "such were some of you; but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified." 1 Thess. iv. 7. "God hath not called us unto uncleanness, but unto holiness.' 2 Thess. ii. 13. "because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit." 1 Pet. i. 2. "according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through the sanctification of the Spirit." Deut. xxx. 6. "Jehovah thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed,

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to love Jehovah thy God." Sanctification is also attributed to the Son. Eph. v. 25, 26. “Christ loved the church, and gave himself for it, that he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word." Tit. ii. 14. “that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself (unto himself as our Redeemer and King) a peculiar people."

Sanctification is sometimes used in a more extended sense, for any kind of election or separation, either of a whole nation to some particular form of worship, or of an individual to some office. Exod. xix. 10. " sanctify them today and to-morrow." xxxi. 13. "that ye may know that I am Jehovah that doth sanctify you." See also Ezek. xx. 12. Numb. xi. 18. " sanctify yourselves against to-morrow.' Jer. i. 5. “before thou camest forth out of the womb, I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations.' Luke i. 15. "he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother's womb."

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The external cause of regeneration or sanctification is the death and resurrection of Christ. Eph. ii. 4, 5. “when we were dead in sins, God hath quickened us together with Christ." v. 25, 26. "Christ gave himself for the church, that he might sanctify and cleanse it." Heb. ix. 14. "how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God." x. 10. " by the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ." 1 Pet. i. 2, 3. "through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ.... which hath begotten us again by a lively hope, by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead." 1 John i. 7. " the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin."

Sanctification is attributed also to faith. Acts xv. 9. "purifying their hearts by faith;" not that faith is anterior to sanctification, but because faith is an instrumental and assisting cause in its gradual progress.

CHAP. XIX.-OF REPENTANCE.

THE effects of regeneration are REPENTANCE and Faith. REPENTANCE, or rather that higher species of it called in Greek μɛrávora, is THE GIFT OF GOD, WHEREBY THE REGEN

ERATE MAN PERCEIVING WITH SORROW THAT HE HAS OFFENDED

GOD BY SIN, DETESTS AND AVOIDS IT, HUMBLY TURNING TO GOD THROUGH A SENSE OF THE DIVINE MERCY, AND HEARTILY

STRIVING TO FOLLOW RIGHTEOUSNESS.

THE GIFT OF GOD; namely, of the Father through the Son. Acts v. 31. "him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give repentance to Israel." Jer. xxxi. 18. "I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus.... turn thou me and I shall be turned, for thou art Jehovah my God." Acts xi. 18. "then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life." Rom. ii. 4, 5. "thinkest thou this.... not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? but after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up," &c. 2 Tim. ii. 25. "if God peradventure will give them repentance.”

Psal.

PERCEIVING WITH SORROW. Psal. xxxviii. 4. "mine iniquities are gone over mine head: as an heavy burden they are too heavy for me." 2 Kings xxii. 19. "because thine heart was tender, and thou hast humbled thyself before Jehovah, when thou heardest what I spake against this place .... and hast rent thy clothes and wept before me." li. 3, 4. "I acknowledge my transgressions, and my sin is ever before me against thee, thee only have I sinned." Jer. iii. 13. "only acknowledge thine iniquity, that thou hast transgressed against Jehovah thy God." Ezek. xxxvi. 31. "then shall ye remember your own evil ways, and your doings that were not good, and shall loathe yourselves in your own sight for your iniquities." v. 32. "be ashamed and confounded for your own ways." xliii. 10. "that they may ashamed of their iniquities." Rom. vi. 21. "those things whereof ye are now ashamed." 2 Cor. vii. 10. 66 godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of." v. 11. "for behold this self-same thing, that ye sorrowed after a godly sort, what carefulness it wrought in you, yea, what clearing of yourselves, yea, what indignation, yea, what

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