Tilia Americana, L. Linn, basswood. Common.

heterophylla, Vent. Linn. White basswood, on the Ohio and tributaries.

PRICKLY ASH AND SHRUB TREFOIL.

Xanthoxylum Americanum, Mill. Prickly ash; general; abundant as an undergrowth in rich, moist soils.

glabra, L. Abundant in old fields in southern Ohio; the berries dye red and the leaves contain much tannin, and may be useful in tanning leather.

Ampelopsis quinequefolia, Mich. Woodbine; Virginia creeper; common.

BUCKTHORNS.

Rhamnus lanceolatus, Buckthorn. Pursh.

alnifolius. L'Her.

Ceanothus Americanus, L. Jersey tea. Abundant, but not in south-western Ohio. ovalis, Bigel. Abundant in southern Ohio.

V. purpurescens, Gray. Southern Ohio.

pavia, L. Southern Ohio.

Acer. Maple; sugar-tree.

spicatum, Lam. Called nine-bark in some places.

saccharinum, Wang. Sugar-tree.

nigrum, (Mx.) Gray. Sugar-tree; rock-maple..

Negundo. Box elder.

aceroides; on water-courses; not abundant.

LEGUMINOUS TREES, LOCUSTS, ETC.

Robinia pseudacacia, L. Black locust. This valuable tree grows to a large size on the hill-sides in southern Ohio.

Cercis Canadensis, L. Red-bud; common undergrowth on rich uplands.

Gymnocladus Canadensis, Lam. Indicates good soil.

Gleditschia triacanthus, L. Abundant, especially south.

ROSE FAMILIES, PLUMS, CHERRIES, HAWS, ETC.

Prunus Americana, Marshall. Red plum.

Pennsylvanica, L. Wild red cherry.

cerasus, L. South.

Virginiana, L. Choke cherry.

serotina, Ehrh. Wild cherry. This makes a large timber tree in Ohio, and in some places has been very abundant. In the western part of the State it has furnished many railroad ties. It is much used in cabinet-work.

Canadensis, L. Dewberry; very sweet; prefers stony fields, with good soil.

Rosa setigera, Mich.

Carolina, L.

lucida, Ehrh.

blanda, Ait.

rubiginosa.

Cratogus oxycantha, L.

coccinea, L.

tomentosa.

V. pyrifolia, (Ait.)

V. punctata, (Jacq.)

crusgalli, L.

fara, Ait.

Pyrus coronaria, L. Crab-apple.

angustifolia, Ait. Narrow-leaved crab-apple.

Amelanchier. Service-berry; shad-flower; June-berry. A pleasant fruit; prefers roelsy

situations, where it may be cultivated.

Canadensis, T. and Gr.

V. rotundifolia.

V. oligocarpa. Dwarf June-berry; Allen county and elsewhere.

SWEET SHRUBS.

Cayleanthus lærigatus, Willd. Gallia county.

CURRANTS, ETC.

Ribes, cynobasti, L. Prickly gooseberry; common.

rotundifolium. Smooth, wild gooseberry. In numerous places.

lacustre. Swamp wild gooseberry; common in swamps.

floridum. Wild black currant; common.

Hydrangea, arborescens, L. Common, moist hill-sides.

MISTLETOE.

Phorodendrum flavescens, Nutt. Along the water-courses in the southern part of the State, near the Ohio river. It grows on elms, oaks, etc.

ELMS, ETC.

Ulmus fulva, Micheli. Red elm; slippery elm.

Americana, L. White elm.

racemoza, Thomas.

pendula. River-bank elm. "This tree is doubtless a distinct species; abundant along our rivers; branches weeping."-Rev. C. H. Warren.

The elms grow abundantly in moist localities in our State. When about the diameter for carriage hubs are preferred to any other wood for making them. The red elm is considered the best for this purpose. White elm timber is now much used in dry cooperage, and is valuable for many purposes where it is not exposed to moisture. It is very good for stable floors, being both tough and yielding. There are many situations in wet places where this tree will grow rapidly, and be profitable to cultivate, where nothing else useful will grow.

Celtis occidentalis, L. Hackberry; berries very sweet; food for birds. This tree is found in our alluvial lands in southern Ohio; indicates a fertile soil.

V. crassifolia, (Lam.) Nettle-tree.

Morus rubra, L. Mulberry; tree indicating fertile soil when growing thriftily. It often makes a large trunk, but not a long one. The wood endures exposure as well as any we have. Large gate-posts made of mulberry will outlast a generation. It has a rapid growth.

BUTTON-WOOD.

Platanus occidentalis, L. Buttonwood; in southern Ohio, sycamore. This tree grows larger in size than any other tree we have; the wood does not split easily, and is used for meat-blocks. Boards of this and the white elm are good for sheeting under shingles.

WALNUTS.

Juglans cinerea, L. White walnut; butternut; nut very fine; wood highly esteemed for finishing houses; does not make a very large tree in southern Ohio.

nigra, L. This fine tree is now much sought after, and brings the best price o any of our large timber trees. It is being removed very rapidly to supply the home and foreign demand.

Carya alba, Nutt. Shagbark hickory.

sulcata, Nutt. Thick shellbark.

tomentosa, Nutt. Hickory-nut.

porcina, Nutt. Pig-nut.

amara. Bitter pig-nut.

HICKORIES.

All our hickories make valuable timber for certain uses. The pig-nut, Blac., makes perhaps the toughest timber of any of our hickories. These trees abound in our State, and are among the most valuable we have. The nut of the carya alba, shell or shag-bark hickory, is sweet and highly valued. Some of the others bear a nut scarcely inferior, but have a thick shell, and the kernel is difficult to get at, and is broken up in the effort to obtain it. The nut of the shell-bark varies greatly in size, from that of a hulled wal nut to that of a hazel-nut. The others vary also in size, but not so greatly. Rev. C. II. Warren, of Nelsonville, Ohio, would add to the above list

Carya montana. Upland white hickory; southern Ohio.

glabra, Torr. As distinct from C. porcina, Nutt; found on high ridges in southern Ohio.

OAKS, ETC.

Quercus alba, L. White oak. The most common of all our oaks, on drift clay.

obtusiloba, Michx.

macrocarpa, Michx. over-cup oak.

v. olivaformis, (Michx.) Fringe over-cup oak.

bicolor, Willd. Swamp white oak.

Prinus, L. Common.

v. monticola, Michx. Rock chestnut oak. This is the tree which furnishes

the chestnut oak bark used for tanning leather in southern Ohio. Abundant on the hills. Timber not valuable as some other oaks.

The oak stands first among timber trees, and the white oak first among oaks. Timber workers, however, make no distinction between several of the species called "white oaks." The white oak (Quercus alba) is the largest of its class, and a truly noble tree in size and in the properties of its wood. Trees are found occasionally over four feet in diameter and from thirty-five to forty feet to the first limb, but about thirty-six inches is the usual diameter of the largest white oak trees now standing in our forests. These latter have been growing about three hundred years. There is a great demand for oak timber, and, while the supply is yet ample, there is a time coming-and that long before other trees of equal size will take the place of those we are now cutting-when the supply will be exhausted. Where firmness, strength and durability are required, oak will always be in demand, and there is no timber which can take its place. Castanca vesca, L. Chestnut. This tree chooses a porous soil, and is not found in large numbers in Ohio west of the line of outcrop of the sandstone. There are a few indigenous trees in Hamilton county, and a natural grove of them at Pisgah, Butler county. They will thrive on any soil which has a good drainage, and, like the walnuts and the hickories, bear young, and produce better fruit than old trees. The chestnut is abundant on the sandstone formations of our State. The timber is esteemed for cabinet work, as well as for all uses where resistance to the elements is important. pumila, Dwarf chestnut; chinquapin. Found growing in Washington county, near Marietta, on the Muskingum river.

Fagus ferruginea, Art. Beech; common.

Rev. C. H. Warren, of Nelsonville, Ohio, says: "Fagus sylvatica-White Beech-this is the most common species in Ohio. The Fagus ferruginea-Red Beech-is not common, but is found in Gallia county." Our species is usually regarded as the ferruginea. We give

Mr. Warren's statement as he makes it, with this remark, that coming from one who is so familiar as he is with our trees, and a careful botanist, it deserves consideration. Corylus Americana, Walt. Hazlenut. This shrub is found generally disseminated. rostrata, Ait. Beaked Hazel. Common in Ohio near streams. Ostrya Virginica, Willd. Lever-wood; Hop Hornbeam. Common. Carpinus Americana, Michx. Hornbeam; ironwood. Common.

Betula lutea, L. Yellow birch.

nigra, L. Red birch.

BIRCHES.

glandulosa, Michx. Dwarf birch. Found in bogs near Columbus and elsewhere in Ohio.

Alnus incana, Willd. Black alder.

serrulata, Ait. Smooth alder.

WILLOWS.

Salix candida, Willd. Hoary or white willow. Ross county and elsewhere; not abundant. tristis, Ait. Sage willow.

humilis, Marshall. Low hush willow. In woods.

discolor, Muhl.

v. eriocephala, (Mx.) Silky-headed willow. Common; very ornamental.

sericea. Marshall.

petiolaris, Smith.

purpuria, L.

cordata, Muhl.

v. rigida, (Muhl.)

v. angustata, (Purrh.) Narrow-leaved willow; river banks and sandbars. rostrata, Richardson.

Pinus rigida, Miller. Pitch pine. Abounds in southern Ohio.

mitis, Mich. Yellow pine. Abundant on hills;

a large amount of lumber.

resinosa, Ait. Not abundant in Ohio.

furnishes

East of Scioto mostly.

strobos, L. White pine. In the northern part of the State abounds in several localities, and has furnished considerable of timber.