than three feet in length, 5 inches thick, 20 inches wide throughout, and shall be of the best bluestone or gray granite, and cut, prepared and laid in the following manner, that is to say: 10 inches of the stone shall be laid below the kennel and 10 inches above it, except where the length of curb-stone to be laid or relaid shall be less than the space between the streets crossing that in which it is to be laid, in which case, if the curb-stone in front of the lots adjoining shall be put 8 inches above the gutter-stone, the curb to be laid or relaid as aforesaid shall not be placed more than 8 inches above the gutter-stone unless the person or persons laying or relaying the same shall, by permission of the owner or owners of the lots adjoining, at his, her or their own expense, raise the adjoining sidewalk or sidewalks, and replace the same in a proper manner for a space of at least 5 feet in width, so as to prevent any abrupt irregularity in the pavement of the sidewalk; the top of the stone shall be cut to a level of 1 inch; the front to be cut smooth and to a fair line to the depth of 14 inches; the ends from top to bottom to be truly squared so as to form close and even joints, and the front so laid as to present a fair and unbroken line, under the penalty of $10 for each or any violation of either of the provisions of this section, to be sued for and recovered from the persons laying and fixing the same, and the owner or owners of the lot fronting on the sidewalk so fixed, severally and respectively; but in all cases where streets are repaved and curbs are reset at the public expense, the President of the Borough in which the same are located may lay curb not exceeding 8 inches in width and not less than 12 inches in depth, with a foundation of concrete of not less than 5 inches in depth. (Id., sec. 251, with verbal changes.)

§ 125. All gutter-stones which shall hereafter be laid in this city shall be of the best hard bluestone or granite, at least 30 inches in length, 14 inches in width, and 6 inches thick, and shall be cut to a fair and level surface without windings, with true and parallel sides, and the ends square so as to form tight and close joints, under the penalty of $10, to be sued for and recovered from the person or persons laying the same and the owner or owners of the lot fronting on the sidewalk or street, severally and respectively. (Id., sec. 252.)

§ 126. If any street, when paved, shall not exactly range, the gutter or outside of the footpath or sidewalk shall be laid out and made as nearly in a straight line as the street will permit; and the ascent and descent of the same shall be regulated by the President of the Borough in which the same is located, and a profile thereof, with the regulations distinctly marked thereon, shall be deposited and kept in the office of the Borough President regulating the same. (Id., sec. 253, with verbal changes.)

§ 127. When any carriageway shall have been paved, and a majority of owners of lots on the same block shall have

regulated and paved their sidewalks, the President of the Borough in which the same is located, shall give notice to the owner or owners, or occupant or occupants, on any lots in front of which the sidewalks shall not be paved, to regulate and pave the same within a certain time to be designated in such notice. (Id., sec. 254, with verbal changes.)

§ 128. In case of any neglect or refusal to comply with the requisitions contained in the notice mentioned in the last preceding section, the owner or owners, occupant or occupants, shall forfeit the penalty of $25 for each neglect or refusal, severally and respectively. (Id., sec. 255.)

§ 129. The owner or owners, lessee or lessees, occupant or occupants of any house or other building or vacant lots fronting on any street or avenue, shall at his, her or their charge and expense, well and sufficiently pave, according to the ordinances, and keep and maintain in good repair the sidewalks and curb and gutter of such street or avenue in front of any such house or other building or vacant lot. (Id., sec. 256.)

§ 130. Upon complaint being made to the Borough President having jurisdicton thereof, to his satisfaction, that any sidewalk or curb and gutter, or either, are not paved or repaired according to these ordinances, it shall be lawful for the said Borough President to cause a notice to be served upon the owner or owners, lessee or lessees, occupant or occupants. of any such house or other building or vacant lot of ground fronting on any street or avenue, to repair or relay, as the case may require, the sidewalk and curb and gutter, or either, in front of the same, within ten days after the service of such notice. (Id., sec. 257, with verbal changes.)

§ 131. In default of such owner or owners, lessee or lessees, occupant or occupants, repairing or relaying, as the case may require, such sidewalks and curb and gutter, or either, within the time required by said notice and complying with the said notice, the said Borough President is hereby authorized and required to lay and relay the flagging, and set and reset the curb and gutter or either, and otherwise repair such sidewalks, and to certify the expense of conforming to the provision of this ordinance, to the Board of Assessors, who are directed to make a just and equitable assessment of such expense among the owners or occupants of all the houses or lots intended to be benefited thereby, in proportion as near as may be to the advantages which they may be deemed to acquire, and it shall be lawful for the said Borough President to report to the Corporation Counsel the neglect or refusal to comply with the above said notice, who shall recover $10 as penalty from the owner or owners, lessee or lessees, occupant or accupants, of such houses or other building in front of which the expense was incurred, in any court having jurisdiction thereof, in the name of The City of New York. (Id., sec. 258, with verbal changes.)

Article IV.- Paving, Repaving and Repairing Carriageways.

§ 132. All the streets in The City of New York of 22 feet in width and upward shall be laid or paved in the middle, which part shall remain as a cart-way, and shall have a gutter or kennel on each side next adjoining the footpath, and shall be paved with sufficient paving stone, and arched in such a manner as the Borough Presidents shall direct. (R. O. 1897, sec. 271, with verbal changes.)

§ 133. Whenever the carriageway of any of the streets in The City of New York, or part of the same, not less than the space or distance between and including the intersection of two streets, shall be repaired or newly paved, and the crosswalks laid, and the sidewalks extended to the width required by law, at the expense of the individual owners of the lots in the same, and the work approved by the proper city authorities, such streets or parts of streets shall forever thereafter be paved, repaired and repaved at the expense of the corporation, but this section shall not be construed to apply to sidewalks, but to the pavement or carriageway of streets only; and nothing in this section contained shall be construed to apply to any wooden pavement in said city. (Id., sec. 272, with verbal changes.)

§ 134. Any citizen or number of citizens shall be allowed to pave the street opposite to his or their property where the same shall extend from the intersection of one cross street to the intersection of another; provided the same be done in conformity to the regulations of the President of the Borough in which such street is located. (Id., sec. 273, with verbal changes.)

§ 135. All pavements hereafter to be laid in any of the streets or lanes of this city by the Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, or contractors for the construction of sewers, or for the laying of any water, gas or other pipes, shall, after the pavement is laid or driven down, have covered over them 1 inch in thickness of pure sand. (Id., sec. 274, with verbal changes.)

§ 136. Any and all persons other than the Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity who may hereafter pave or cause to be paved, any street, lane or other thoroughfare, or portion thereof, in this city, shall have the sand, dirt and rubbish cleaned off said street, lane or thoroughfare, or any part thereof, within twelve days after any such pavement shall be completed. This section shall be so construed as to apply to the removal of all sand, dirt or rubbish collected in any part of any and all streets, lanes and thoroughfares covered by any pavement so done or laid, or excavation that may have been made, or other work done in pursuance thereof; and no contract for paving, in pursuance of this section, shall be accepted as completed unless the city official making the contract shall certify that this section has been fully complied with. (Id., sec. 275, with verbal changes.)

§ 137. Any person or persons, excepting the Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, neglecting or refusing to remove the dirt, sand or rubbish mentioned herein within the time specified therein, shall forfeit and pay the sum of $25 for each offense; and, in addition thereto, the President of the Borough in which such work has been done shall cause the same to be removed at the expense of the party so neglecting or refusing, who shall be liable to repay and refund the same, and which sum shall be collected and paid into the city treasury. (Id., sec. 276,

with verbal changes.)

§ 138. It shall not be lawful for any of the gas companies of this city to break up any of the pavements of this city without the permission of the President of the Borough in which such work is to be done; and such consent shall not be given until the party applying therefor shall enter into a stipulation satisfactory to the said Borough President to repair and replace the said pavement to the satisfaction of the said Borough President, at his and their own expense, by a day to be named in such permit; and if any person or persons shall neglect or refuse to repair and replace the same in accordance with such stipulation and permit, they shall forfeit and pay for each offense the sum of $50, and, in addition thereto shall be liable to pay the expense of repairing and replacing such pavement, which shall be done by and under the direction of the said Borough President. (Id., sec. 278, with verbal changes.)

§ 139. It shall be lawful for the persons employed to pave or repave any street in The City of New York, to place proper obstructions across such street or cartway for the purpose of preserving the pavement then newly made or to be made, until the same shall be fit for use, leaving at all times a sufficient passage for foot passengers. (Id., sec. 279.) § 140. No person or persons shall, without the consent of the Borough President having jurisdiction of the street in which such obstruction is placed, in writing, or without the consent of the person superintending said paving, throw down, displace or remove any such obstruction mentioned in the last preceding section, under the penalty of $15 for every such offense. (Id., sec. 280, with verbal changes.)

§ 141. Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to authorize any person or persons to stop up or obstruct more than the space of one block and one intersection, at the same time, in any one street, or to keep the same so stopped up for more than two days after the cartway is finished. (Id., sec. 281.)

§ 142. Whenever any person or persons shall have authority under any contract with the corporation or any officer thereof, or under any permit authorizing the same, to remove the pavement from, or to excavate, or to occupy or use any part of the public streets and avenues, in the city, so as to obstruct the travel in any streets or avenues,

and to prevent the same from being used for the time being for the purposes of travel, such person or persons shall erect, or cause to be erected, in conspicuous positions, at the several points of intersection of such street or avenue so obstructed, with the cross streets nearest to such obstruction, a suitable notice of such obstructions, which notice shall be in such manner and form as the Borough President having jurisdiction of such street may at any time direct. (Id., sec. 282, with verbal changes.)

§ 143. Every person who shall violate the preceding section shall be subject to a penalty of $10, to be sued for and recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction. (Id., sec. 283.)

§ 144. No pavement in any street in The City of New York which has been accepted by the corporation, to be kept in repair at the public expense, shall hereafter be taken up, or the paving stones removed therefrom, for any purpose whatever, without the authority of the Borough President having charge thereof, under the penalty of $100 for every offense. (Id., sec. 284, with verbal changes.)

§ 145. Whenever any pavement in any such street, or any part or portion thereof, has been or shall be taken up, or the paving stones in any such street or part of a street have been or shall be removed therefrom, or from the place or position in which they have been put in such pavement, in violation of the preceding sections, it shall be the duty of the President of the Borough in which such work has been done, forthwith to restore such pavement to its former condition and replace the same, and restore the paving stones so removed as aforesaid to their place in the said pavement, so as to restore said pavement, as nearly as may be practicable, to the condition in which it was before such taking or removal as aforesaid. (Id., sec. 285, with verbal changes.)

§ 146. Whenever any wood, timber, stone, iron or any other metal has been or shall be put or placed in or upon any such pavement so as to hinder or obstruct or be in the way of the restoration of said pavement, as mentioned in the preceding section, it shall be the duty of the Borough President having charge of the street or pavement forthwith to cause such wood, timber, stone, iron or other metal to be taken up and removed from said street or pavement, so that they shall not incumber or obstruct said street and the free use of the pavement therein and all parts thereof. (Id., sec. 286, with verbal changes.)

§ 147. Whenever, hereafter, any person or association or body of persons, or any incorporated company, shall attempt to take up any such pavement mentioned in this article, or remove the paving stones, or any of them, therefrom, it shall be the duty of the Borough President having charge thereof forthwith to prevent the same, and generally to prevent the pavement in the street aforesaid, and