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(c) No placards are required on cars containing shipments bearing the "Green" or "Tear Gas" labels. [As amended Oct. 14, 1932] ** [Pars. 640-642]

80.279 Placards must be standard. Placards must conform to standards as prescribed. Samples will be furnished by the Bureau of Explosives on request.

Tag-board placards must be printed on strong tag board, designated commercially as No. 2 tag board, and weighing 150 pounds per ream, of sheets 24 by 36 inches, and having a resistance of not less than 60 pounds per square inch, Mullen test.

Paper placards must be printed on strong white paper.

Placards or car cards must not be used which by their shape, coloring, or printing may be readily confused with the standard placards prescribed herein.

Carriers must keep on hand an adequate supply of all necessary placards for placarding cars loaded by them and for the replacement of missing placards on loaded cars while in transit.

Carriers must furnish and apply to cars loaded by them, the placards prescribed herein.

Placards complying with previous requirements which are on hand October 1, 1930, may be used until further order of the Commission.*† [Par. 6431

NOTE: Carrier's or shipper's name and stationery form number may be printed on placards in type not larger than 10 point, but must be printed thereon separate from any of the placard wording.

When metal or tag board placards bear wording prescribed in § 80.278 (b) and provided the wording prescribed by § 80.307 appears on the reverse side thereof, the words “removed or" may be omitted or the word "removed" changed to "reversed," as the case may be. [As amended Apr. 7, 1931]

80.280 Application of placards. Placards must be securely applied by affixing one to each end and each side of cars, as follows:

(a) By tacking tag-board placards to each end and each side of cars, or to placard boards of suitable size provided for the purpose. Placards applied to the sides of box cars must be placed on doors, or close to left-hand side of door frames, when cars are not equipped with placard boards.

The use of tacks, having heads at least one-fourth inch across, or other efficient device, is required. At least five tacks must be used, one at each corner and one in the center of the placard. Tacks, nails, or other devices used in previous applications of placards must be removed when their presence interferes with proper application of placards. [As amended Apr. 18, 1932]

(b) By insertion of tag-board or metal placards in suitable placard holders affixed to cars.

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(c) By adjustment of metal reversible placards in proper position. (d) Paper placards must be securely pasted to metal placard boards provided for the purpose. Grease or other substances, which would interfere with secure application, must be removed from metal surfaces before pasting on placards.

(e) Placards applied to cars must have the printing in horizontal position.

*For statutory citation, see note to § 80.1.

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(f) "Explosives" placards must be applied not less than 42 feet above car floor.

(g) Placards applied to sides of tank cars must be placed as near the middle as possible. Side placard boards applied to tank cars near end of tank may be used until replaced by boards located near middle of tank, in accordance with requirements effective November 1, 1927.

(h) Placard holders must be so constructed as not to obstruct the wording, change the shape of the placard, or reduce the exposed surface of the placard more than three-eighths of an inch on each side.

NOTE: Permanent metal holders designed to provide for secure attachment of placards prescribed in the regulations in Parts 72-80 are required on all new tank cars, on new underframes to which tanks are applied, and on all tank cars receiving general repairs. [As added Oct. 14, 1932]

(i) Placards must be applied to both sides and both ends of a container car on which containers loaded with fireworks, or with dangerous articles requiring labels, are placed; or placards must be applied to both ends of such a car and to both sides of the container loaded with such articles. [As added Oct. 14, 1932]

Billing for car must be endorsed to show which of the containers loaded thereon contains fireworks or dangerous articles requiring labels. [As added Oct. 14, 1932] ** [Par. 644]

80.281 Handling explosives and other dangerous articles-(a) Handling explosives, storage and access to articles. (1) In handling packages of explosives at stations and in transferring them to and from cars, the greatest care must be taken, and shocks or falls liable to injure the containers must be avoided. Where an inclined chute is employed, such chute shall be constructed of 1-inch planed boards, with side guards 4 inches high extending 3 inches above top face of bottom chute and, throughout its length, fastened with brass screws. D-shaped wooden strips or runners, not more than 6 inches apart and running lengthwise of chute, must be fastened to the upper surface of the bottom board by means of glue and wooden pegs extending through the bottom board and runners. Chutes must be occasionally wiped down with waste moistened with machine oil when dynamite packages are being handled.

A stuffed mattress, 4 feet wide by 6 feet long and not less than 4 inches thick, or a heavy jute or hemp mat of like dimensions, must be placed under the discharging end of the chute.

(2) Careful men must be chosen to handle explosives, the platform and the shoes of the men must be as free as possible from grit, and all possible precautions must be taken against fire.

(3) Unauthorized persons must not have access to explosives and other dangerous articles at any time while such articles are in the custody of the carrier.

(4) Explosives and other dangerous articles must be placed in a safe place while being held for delivery or loading.

(b) Handling other than explosives. In handling packages containing dangerous articles other than explosives at stations, and to

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*For statutory citation, see note to § 80.1.

and from cars, care must be taken to prevent their falling or being broken. Heavy packages should be trucked, rolled, or moved by use of skids or other satisfactory devices, and must not be dropped from trucks, platforms, or cars. Planks for rolling trucks from platforms to cars should have beveled ends.

Acid or other corrosive-liquid carboys should be handled so as not to spill the contents. "Empty" carboys, so called, should be handled with necks up, and with sufficient care to prevent burns to clothing or person from leaking acid or other corrosive liquid.*+ [Pars. 645, 646]

80.282 Disposition of damaged or astray shipments-(a) Damaged packages. Packages of explosives found injured or broken in transit may be recoopered when this is evidently practicable and not dangerous. A broken box of high explosives that can not be recoopered should be reinforced by stout wrapping paper and twine, placed in another strong box, and surrounded by dry, fine sawdust or dry and clean cotton waste or elastic wads made from dry newspapers. A ruptured can or keg should be inclosed in a grain bag of good quality and boxed. Injured packages thus protected and properly marked may be forwarded. The box and waybill should be marked to indicate that it has been repacked.

Particles of explosive compositions from damaged containers possibly may be strewn on car floors or freight, and due care should be exercised in repacking such containers that no sparks may be produced by contact of metal or other hard surfaces, or otherwise. Water will prevent the explosion of practically all explosive substances except dynamite, and in such cases car floors should be thoroughly swept, and washed with a plentiful supply of water. Use of iron-wheel trucks, metal hammers, or other metal tools, should be avoided.

(b) Explosives with leaking liquid ingredient. Packages of explosives showing evidence of leakage of liquid ingredients must (1) be returned immediately to shipper, if at point of shipment; or (2) disposed of to a person who is competent and willing to remove them from railway property, if leakage is discovered while in transit; or (3) removed immediately by consignee, if shipment is at destination.

When disposition can not be made as above, the leaking boxes must be packed in other boxes large enough to permit inclosure, and the leaking boxes must be surrounded by at least 2 inches of dry, fine sawdust or dry and clean cotton waste, and be stored in station magazine or other safe place until arrival of an inspector of the Bureau of Explosives, or other authorized person, to superintend the destruction or disposition of the condemned material.

(c) Astray packages of explosives and other than explosives. (1) An astray shipment of explosives must be forwarded immediately to its destination if known, or returned to the shipper by the most practicable route, provided a careful inspection shows the packages to be in proper condition for safe transportation.

*For statutory citation, see note to § 80.1.

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When a package in an astray shipment is not in proper condition for safe transportation (see paragraph (a) of this section), or when name and address of consignee or shipper are unknown, disposition must be made as prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section.

(2) An astray package of dangerous articles other than explosives of known destination and in proper condition for safe transportation, must be forwarded immediately on an "astray bill," showing proper label notation and placard indorsement, as prescribed by § 80.271 (c), (d). When necessary to replace a label and doubt exists as to the kind, the red label should be used.

(d) Leaking packages of other than explosives. Unless they are leaking, or in a manifestly insecure condition, packages of dangerous articles other than explosives in transit must be forwarded to destination and report made of any violation observed. Leaking packages must not be forwarded.

Cars containing packages of inflammable liquids in carload lots should not be offered in interchange if packages are in leaking condition. If small leaks have developed in movement of tank cars to interchange, and where short movements are necessary to make delivery for unloading by consignee, and this movement may be safely made, the precautions prescribed by § 80.296 must be observed.** [Pars. 647-650]

80.283 Loading in car-(a) Height, weight distribution, etc. (1) Except as provided herein, boxes of dangerous explosives, named in § 80.268 (a) (1), not including ammunition for cannon with projectiles and explosive projectiles, when loaded in the car must rest on their bottoms, and must be loaded with their long dimension parallel to the length of the car.

Boxes of high or low explosives packed in long cartridges and containing no liquid explosive ingredient may be loaded on their ends. (2) Dangerous explosives for which a certified and placarded car is prescribed (see § 80.268 (a) (1)) must not be loaded higher than the permanent car lining unless additional lining is provided as high as the lading.

(3) When the lading of a car consists of or includes explosives, the weight of the lading should be distributed so that it will be equalized on each side of the car and over the trucks.

(b) Position in car. Explosives packed in metal kegs, except when boxed, must be loaded on their sides with ends toward ends of the car; packages of explosives must not be placed in the space opposite the doors unless the doorways are boarded on the inside as high as the lading.

Wooden kegs, barrels, or drums, may be loaded on their sides or ends, as will best suit the conditions.

(c) Staying the load. Packages containing any of the explosives for the transportation of which a certified and placarded car is prescribed (see § 80.268 (a) (1)), and blasting caps or electric blasting caps in any quantity, must be stayed (blocked and braced) by the one who loads the car, so as to prevent change of position by the ordinary shocks incident to transportation. Special care must be used to pre

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*For statutory citation, see note to § 80.1.

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