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Only unpolluted cold or iced water should be employed in washing shucked shellfish, and the washing, including chilling, should not continue longer than the minimum time necessary for cleaning and chilling.

In view of the fact that the shipping season has begun and shippers will require several months to provide themselves with suitable containers for the shipment of shellfish out of contact with ice, no prosecutions will be recommended prior to May 1, 1910, for the shipment or sale in interstate commerce of oysters or other shellfish because of the addition of water caused solely by shipment in contact with ice.

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ONE MILLION CHILDREN

UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH.

A special commission in Boston recently investigated the subject and found. 5,000 school children in that city had positive cases of tuberculosis. In New York a recent study showed over 25,000 tuberculous children. On the basis of these investigations it appears there are not less than one million school children in the United States who have tuberculosis and are under sentence of death. Some will be reprieved; that is, will get well because of change of surroundings or because of treatment for ill health. But what a comment it is upon the business sense of the people at large that such conditions should exist when science has clearly shown that consumption can be prevented!

The reason one million schoc children are under sentence of death is because they have not been cared for prcperly. When hogs sicken and die the farmer asks: "What can I do to save them?" He knows that sickness among hogs is due to wrong keeping; and when sickness appears, he appeals to the Gov ernment and gets aid. Government aid to save children would no more be conmunism nor invasion of home rights than to save hogs.

Consumption is comparatively rare in infants and quite abundant in school age. Why? Not many die of the disease in the school age period, but at the age of 15 the dying begins, and by twenty-five the critical death point from consumption is reached.

We have asked, Why the abundance of consumption cases in the school age

period? If there are one million consumptive school children in the United States, how did they catch it? Our answer is: Most of the cases were acquired in unventilated, wrongly and insufficiently lighted and unevenly-warmed schoolhouses, as well as predisposed by malnutrition, due either to cheap unwholesome foods partaken or drugged foods having no nutritious value, thereby lowering the vitality of a growing child. We estimate that not twenty per cent of our school rooms are sanitary. That the schools are centers of disease is further proven by the morbidity and mortality among teachers being higher than in general life. For instance, the consumption mortality is in 8 deaths in general life and is 1 in 5.3 deaths among teachers. Of course, consumption is acquired in homes, but exclusive home dwellers do not have the high death rate of teachers. Teachers have more hours with the crowd than those of other occupations; and “crowdpoison" (bad air) does its awful work with them.

Daily looking into the light may indirectly induce consumption. Most school rooms are lighted from two sides, and teachers in such rooms frequently have headaches, white lips, loss of appetite and have acquired some "nervousness" by spring. The daily looking into the light irritates the optic nerve and by reflex action even appetite and nutrition are affected. The bad air also causes nutrition to fail, and bad nutrition always precedes consumption. Teachers

certainly have a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; and, as unsanitary school houses deny those rights, the said unsanitary school houses should be fought by the teachers. Again, it is a religious and moral duty to keep the body the temple of the soul, in a state of health. This is another reason why teachers should refuse to teach in unsanitary school rooms and they should demand that school rooms be healthful instead of disease producing, and lastly, to inform the children as to the value of healthful and nutritious foods.

Only those who will fight for life, liberty and happiness are fit to have these blessings. Therefore, teachers who will mildly submit for fear of nonemployment or for fear of discharge, to teach under conditions inimical to health, would likely not know what to do with liberty, happiness and real life if they had them.

THE WAY TO DO IT.

The only way to stop the growth of children's minds is to stop their bodies from growing. Growth of body can be prevented by attacking children's health. To reduce their health, crowd them into unevenly warmed, unventilated schoolrooms which are lighted from two or three sides. Have plenty of pigs and chickens under the floor; supply water from a polluted well with a dead rabbit in it; don't have any playgrounds; supply dilapidated, filthy outhouses; feed them soggy pie, drugged garbage, halfbaked bread with live yeast cells in it, fried greasy meat and lots of strong coffee. Don't look after their teeth, let them rot.

If a child cannot see well on account of astigmatism, myopia or eye strain, and therefore can't keep up with his classes, punish him. Don't think of relieving. his misery, it would cost money. Of course, such treatment will likely make

him a criminal; but that's all right, for our country has many prisons costing millions of dollars and they will hold him all right.

If a child has adenoids or diseased tonsils and lags behind well pupils, drive him the harder; it will hasten his end and then we can say: "God, in His infinite wisdom, has taken him."

SICK ROOM DON'TS. Don't talk to a sick person about similar cases that have resulted fatally or that have left the patient with some disagreeable reminder of the disease.

Don't go into a sick-room with a long face and talk in a doleful voice. It will give the patient such a nervous turn that your visit will do more harm than good.

Don't tip-toe or whisper in the room. or just outside the door. Walk as lightly and as quietly as possible without making a visible effort to do so.

When having the care of a patient. don't neglect to air the room as often as necessary to keep it fresh and whole

some.

Don't leave an array of bottles and glasses in sight of the patient.

Don't use hard water for bathing the patient. If rain water cannot be pro

cured use borax to soften the hard water.

Don't use highly scented soap for the bath. A little pure castile soap in

the water that has been softened with borax is all that is necessary.

Don't use coarse or nickel dishes for the food. Always have the tray cover and napkin spotless, and the dishes as dainty as possible. Try to have one unexpected kind of food for each meal. These little surprises are very agreeable to the patient.-Exchange.

NOT FLANNELS:-Put not your trust in flannels or in clothing of any sort. They will break in your hand like a wooden sword. Live vigorously and

joyfully in the open air, sleep in a draft, put a proper amount of good coal under your boiler, and you will keep warm and healthy in almost any kind of clothing, providing there is not too much of it.Exchange.

baked potato, etc., and may be used for sponge cake, muffins, etc., without inducing a sense of being surfeited with egg.

Continued from page 8:

production, a point to remember with some patients.

The starchy foods should be thoroughly cooked, eaten slowly, and combined. with some other food that is quickly or easily digested. If the digestion of food seems slow, starchy food should not be repeated too frequently, as slow digestion permits fermentation. Oftentimes. the hard or crisp crackers are more quickly digested than bread, and flakes, grape nuts, shredded wheat, etc., are more easily handled than mush by weak. stomachs.

The feeding should continue to be the subject of earnest thought until the little patient has passed entirely through the period of convalescence, and is as fat and rosy as ever, and has started on the upward road again in gaining weight. The "between meals" may gradually be withdrawn as the patient improves, or as soon as this plan interferes with the appetite of the regular meals. As nature regains her balance, she shows her lessened need of material by a decreasing appetite, and her suggestion should be heeded.

Milk may be used in very many ways so as not to pall upon the appetite. It may be given cold or heated as a drink, in eggnog, in cocoa, as a milk soup, or in milk toast. It may be used instead of water in cooking cereals, as rice, farina, etc., or with arrowroot or cornstarch, and in milk puddings.

Eggs may be given as such, or incorporated into the cooking. The beaten. white may be mixed with many articles of food without the patient detecting it, as in arrowroot, after it is cooked, or in

By supplying all kinds of food-proteid, carbohydrates - fresh vegetables and fruit, etc., we may feel sure that nature has whatever she may need for whatever purpose she may choose. If you do your part as feeder she will do her share as builder, and the result will well repay the thought expended in the process.

Continued from pige 19. "catching" disease breaks out in your house you should tell your milkman at once, and he should not take away any milk bottles from your house until after the case has gotten well, as one of these bottles might otherwise be the means of carrying the disease to other houses. We will instruct the milkman what to do in such cases.

If your milkman does not deliver his milk in bottles, it is best to have him deliver it directly to you or your servant, and you should see that it is put on ice immediately and kept cold.

THE PRACTICE OF PUTTING OUT AN UNCOVERED PITCHER OR OTHER VESSEL FOR MILK THE NIGHT BEFORE, CANNOT BE TOO STRONGLY CONDEMNED.

Such a pitcher or vessel, exposed to the dust and dirt of the street, will collect thousands of germs before the milk is put into it. Many of these may be dangerous to life and health, besides which they will certainly cause the milk to sour in a short time and become unfit

for use. The purest milk received in such a vessel may become as bad in a few hours as the worst milk from a dirty farm.

If you are compelled to stand out a vessel to receive your milk, provide yourself with several glass preserve-jars, which should be used for this purpose only. They should be kept well washed

and aired as above described. Get jars with clamp tops. Those with screw tops are hard to keep properly cleansed. Do not use the rubber ring which comes with most jars, as it is difficult to keep clean, and the jars will be sufficiently tight without it. Instead of preservejar, a bowl, covered by a plate, may be used. A pitcher cannot be tightly covered on account of the projecting spout.

GIVE YOUR OWN PERSONAL ATTENTION TO YOUR MILK VESSELS.

The milkmen of Richmond state that

many persons in this city have the idea that if milk is delivered to them warm this is a proof of its being fresh from the cow, and hence better. So far from this being true, only by cooling the milk as soon as it is gotten from the cow is it possible to prevent rapid decomposition of the milk in warm weather. The regulations of the Health Department (which have been adopted for your benefit) require that all milk sold in Richmond shall be cooled as soon as possible after milking.

REPORT ON NATIONAL VITALITY.

Its Waste and Conservation.

By Prof. Irving Fisher, of Yale University.

CHAPTER II.-The mortality rate.

SECTION 1.-Relating to longevity and mortality.

20

The average duration of life and the death rate are two complementary magnitudes. An increase in the life span means a decrease in the death rate, and vice versa; in fact in a "stationary" population (a population in which the annual number of deaths equals the annual number of births, and without emigration or immigration), it will be true that the average duration of life and the death rate are mathematically the "reciprocals" of each other. Thus, if the death rate is 20 deaths per annum for each 1,000 of population (i. e., twenty-one thousandths per annum), the average duration of life would be 1000 = 50 years. If this reciprocal relation between duration of life and mortality held true in every population, it would be easy to translate death rates into average duration of life, and conversely; but unfortunately such a simple calculation is impracticable under conditions existing in America, and even in most countries in Europe. With the exception of France, few countries have even approximately an equality between deaths and births, and an absence of emigration and immigration. In America, where the deaths are exceeded by the births, and where there is a large immigration of young men and women in the prime of life, the death rate is smaller than it would be if our population were "stationary." The annual death rate in the United States is probably about 18 per thousand of population. The reciprocal of this would be 1,000 plus 18, or 55 years, which is altogether too high an estimate for the average length of life in the United States.

It is possible to "correct" the death rate for "age distribution" so that its reciprocal will be the true average duration of life, but the calculation is a difficult and tedious one. We are forced, therefore, to get along in most cases with the "crude death rate," or the quotient of the number of deaths in a year divided by

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