Approved by National and State Food and Drug Commissioners.

Articles pertaining to Pure Foods and Drugs should be addressed to the Editor not later than the 15th of each month, signed by the author.

Entered as Second-class Matter, May 12, 1909 at the Cincinnati, O. Post Office, under act March 3, 1879.

Advertising rates furnished on application.

Annual Subscription $1.00.

Foreign Subscription $1.75.
ption

Single Copy 10 cts.

Devoted to the Enforcement of the National and State Pure Food and Drug Laws.

Dr. J. N. Garfunkle,

Mr. Fred. L. Hoffman,

DECEMBER, 1909.

Editor and Manager.
Associate Editor.

HE Hoosier is a man even as other men. He is subject to the failings and is possessed of the virtues of his fellows. But as men differ in their failings and their virtues so do Commonwealths-but to Indiana. must be given the credit for the adoption of a most perfect system of legislation with reference to foods and drugs, supplemented most happily by the possession of a State Commissioner, in the person of Dr. Barnard, who is imbued with the right belief that legislation was made to be enforced.

In the matter of legislation in the interest of public health, Indiana is, indeed, a model Commonwealth-a model which other States of the Union might adopt and could adopt to the immeasurable advantage of their respective citizenships. The general trouble with legislation is that the State official seems to be possessed of the idea that with the enactment of the statute by the legislative department of the State government, and its approval by the executive department. the whole duty of the State is ended. It is a fatuous belief. Legislation without enforcement is not only a dead letter but in the too frequently pursued course of the State official the violator of the laws finds his surest safety. The constitution of the United States and the constitutions of the several States are not selfacting. The organic law needs the statute law to give it life and the statute law is dead without the life which only executive enforcement can give it. Therefore is Indiana not only a model Commonwealth in the possession of a systematic, a clear and a comprehensive code of pure food and pure drug legislation, but she is a model Commonwealth in the possession of a State Commissioner who looks upon violators of the law as persons to be stayed in their course, with the result that canned foods and drugs sold and dispensed in Indiana are of the utmost possible purity. The health of the Indianian is advanced thereby. The sound mind in the sound body is preserved, and Indiana is reaping the splendid results in her intelligent and progressive citizenship and in the banishment of the

men who care only for the profit and nothing for the law or for the public health.

One of the magnificent results of the legislation of Indiana and its rigid enforcement is in the fact that Benzoate of Soda is absolutely barred from Indiana. Between the Ohio and the Illinois line and from the Ohio to the Lakes, Indiana is free from that vile chemical used so extensively in the preparation of canned goods. Its banishment was accomplished by Dr. Barnard, and not even the smiling countenance of the High Federal Officer-one of the largest canners and users of Benzoate in the United States-could effect a way in which the vile compound could be sold in Indiana.

The punitive features of Indiana pure food and drug legislation are plainand severe. One of them is in the publication of a monthly bulletin-under the auspices of, the State Board of Health-in which violators of pure food and drug laws are published and it is a striking fact that the list grows smaller with each month for the excellent reason that dealers are made aware that in Indiana pure food and drug laws were made to be enforced and were not enacted for mere purposes of dress parade. The user of Benzoate of Soda, in the early days of the Indiana legislation, or the user and vendor of other deleterious substances or impure drugs, speedily saw that Indiana legislation meant business and that violations of the laws on the important subjects meant punishment not only in the Courts but in the publication of the facts in the official organ of the State Board.

"No rogue e'er felt the halter draw, with good opinion of the law" and the Indiana pure food and drug violator was no exception to the rule. But the consumers were benefited in the enforcement of the laws under the wise and the strict administration of Dr. Barnard- and Indiana profits not only in the advancement of health but in the more material profit that comes to each and every State from a citizenship blessed with sound health or-if afflicted with any one of the ills to which man is subject-with pure food and drug legislation that guaranteed the sick man that that which he took for his ailment was salutary and beneficial because it was pure.

Other Commonwealths-Ohio, for example-might profit by the example of Indiana. The sanitary legislation of Ohio is not only loosely devised and drawn, but it is not enforced. With enforcement, even of the halting provisions of Ohio's legislation, much good would come. Enforcement would point out the defects and enable the legislative department of the State government to strengthen the weak points and to attain to a wise and a comprehensive system such as the great State of Ohio ought to have and possess, with rigid enforcement working wonders in the way of health, especially of the health of the rising generation. Indiana has done well in her pure food and drug legislation. But she has done better in the selection of a State Commissioner, in the person of Dr. Barnard, who knows his duty and his responsibility to the public and who does the one and does not shirk the other.

ONE YEAR OLD.

ITH the December issue of the American Pure Food and Drug Journal the first year of its existence is rounded out and its second is entered upon in the fullest confidence that the work in which it is engaged is one of the utmost importance to the public. That the work of the American Pure Food and Drug Journal has commended itself to its large and increasing

constituency is evidenced by its increase in circulation, by the encroachments of advertisements on its columns, by the commendations of its readers, medical and lay, and-above all-by the bitterness with which its columns are viewed by the gentlemen engaged in the work of foisting on the public impure articles of food embalmed in drugs of the most deleterious nature, at a large profit and without regard to the health of the consumers.

The American Pure Food and Drug Journal thrives and grows fat on the condemnation of the users of impure foods and impure drugs. The condemnation of the destroyers of the health of the public is the strongest possible certificate of the excellence of the work of the Journal-a work in which it will continue to the end. The American Pure Food and Drug Journal enters on its second year conscious of being engaged in a work of the utmost importance to the general public for there cannot be a sound mind in a body rendered unsound by the use of vile contents of cans-not even though the can be labelled "Pure"or by the use of drugs which, instead of being medicinal and beneficial are poisonous and vile. The American Pure Food and Drug Journal thanks its friends and hopes to continue in the receipt of the attacks of its enemies who are, at the same time, the enemies of the public health, condemners of the law and regarding only the measure of their ill gotten gains.

The beautiful Sanitarium, situated on the brow of the hill in Clifton, Cincinnati, Ohio, is open for the reception of patients. It is a refined, homelike retreat for convalescents and for those needing rest, recuperation, change of environment and physical upbuilding. A magnificent view is to be had from each window overlooking the valley and 47 acres of finely kept park and forest trees. The building is well equipped; the surroundings delightful and strictly private. "Scarlet Oaks" is a branch of the well known Bethesda Hospital.

For further information apply to Miss Louise Golder, Supt. Bethesda Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Report of the Department of Food and

Drugs. State Board of Health.

H. E. Barnard, State Food and Drug Commissioner of Indiana.

While the results of the work of the laboratories have been published each month, the analytical data obtained in the examination of different brands of food and drug products has not been given. In order that the trade and the consumer may know which brands of foods and drugs have been found to be illegal, as well as those which are of standard quality, and that the data obtained in the analysis may be preserved, the tables are here printed in full.

During the seven months, 1,423 samples of food have been analyzed: 979 samples were found to be of standard quality and properly labeled, while 444, or 30.5 per cent., were adulterated or misbranded. Since the work was carried on for the most part during the Summer months, the samples were largely of those products most commonly consumed during hot weather, such as ice cream, beverages, and milk. Most of the samples analyzed were submitted by inspectors of the department who purchased them from dealers. Many milk samples were sent to the laboratories by milk inspectors of cities having no facilities for determining the character of the samples. Because of the recent active enforcement of the internal revenue laws which regulate the sale of adulterated butter many samples of butter were submitted by farmers and butter makers who wished to determine whether or not their product contained more than the legal amount of water.

A large number of samples of prepared meats sold as sausage under various names were examined for starch and preservatives, and the percentage of adulteration of these goods was found to be very high.

A study of the analytical tables is very interesting, in that the changed condition of the food market is plainly shown by the fact that such standard products as extracts, canned goods, baking powders, preserves, confectionery and olive oil are no longer subject to adulteration, while before the passage of the pure food law all of these products were constantly grossly adulterated.

At the present time the artifice of the imitator and sophisticator seem to be confined largely to such foods as milk, butter, prepared meats, beverages, vinegars, etc., products not commonly made in large quantities and sold through the jobber, but, on the contrary, prepared by the retailer himself. This is true of milks, butter, sausages, ice creams and lard. The work of inspection of food products is thus being more and more confined to a critical study of the products of the small dealer who does business in a local way only. The manufacturer engaged in interstate trade has been, both by the laws and federal food regulations, brought to see the advantages of producing pure goods, but the milk man who skims or waters his milk, the butcher who sells a mixture of starch and water and meat as sausage, the fish dealer who waters his oysters, the ice cream maker who cuts down the cost of his product by substituting skimmed milk for cream,

seems, as yet, to be unhampered by business ethics or controlled by food legislation.

FOODS.
MILK.

Sixty-five of the 395 milk samples analyzed were adulterated either by the removal of butter fat, by the addition of water or by the presence of extraneous material, usually dirt or manure. The presence of dirt to such an extent that it may be detected by looking through the bottom of the milk bottle is sufficient reason for classing the milk as adulterated and for prosecuting the dealer for violation of the pure food law.

CREAM.

1

Standard cream must contain 18 per cent. butter fat. Of the 38 samples analyzed, 12, or 31.5, were below standard and illegal. No adulterant, such as gelatine or viscogen, was detected.

ICE-CREAM.

Of the 181 samples of ice cream analyzed, 111 were pure and 70, or 38.6 per cent., were illegal. The adulteration commonly noted consisted of an insufficient. amount of butter fat. The standard for ice-cream requires 8 per cent. of butter fat to be present. Many manufacturers apparently are not satisfied to conform to this standard, and substitute in their formulas condensed, skimmed or whole milks in such quantities that the finished product contains from 2 to 4 per cent. less butter fat than should be present.

MEAT PRODUCTS.

Of the 212 samples of meat analyzed during the past seven months, 63 were legal and 149; or 70.2 per cent., were illegal. The most common adulteration noted was starch, which was employed in greater or less quantities by sausage manufacturers. The practice of adding starch to cheap meats has grown to large proportions within the last few years. The explanation given for its use is that sausage containing it can be stuffed into skins more readily and that the sausage cooks better and is more palatable. Another reason no doubt for its use, and one which explains the practice, is that by employing it considerable quantities of water may be incorporated with the meat, thus producing a sausage at a decidedly lower cost than if it were made from meat and spices alone. There can be no valid objection to the addition of flour to the sausage if the purchaser is advised of the fact that he is getting a cereal product, and the sale of sausage labeled "Sausage with cereal added" is in conformity with the law.

MAPLE PRODUCTS.

During the spring months many samples of maple sugar and syrup were analyzed, mostly at the request of producers of the country product. It is interesting to know that of the 47 samples analyzed but 8 were adulterated. This is a striking contrast to previous years when a pure maple syrup was a rarity. The character of maple sugar is also decidedly improved.

MILK PRODUCTS.

CONDENSED MILK.

Of the 13 samples of condensed milk analyzed, 6 were legal and 7 were illegal, being low in butter fat and solid content. The character of condensed milk has not improved during the last year. If the manufacturer and the jobbers are to be believed, the public taste has so changed that it demands a milk both fluid and free from any fat separation to such a point that because of low solid and fat con