A History of English Literature, in a Series of Biographical Sketches

538

AMERICAN LITERATURE.

metaphysical reasoning. Treatises from his pen upon The History of Redemption, True Virtue, God's Chief End in the Creation, Original Sin, and the Religious Affections, also display great power of thought, "warm piety, and profound acquaintance with the Scriptures"

Supplementary List.

JOHN WITHERSPOON.-(1722-1794)-Scotland-President of Princeton CollegeEcclesiastical Characteristics.

TIMOTHY DWIGHT.-(1752-1817)-Northampton, Massachusetts-Congregational minister, army chaplain, President of Yale College (1795-1817)-History, Eloquence, and Poetry of the Bible; Theology Explained and Defender! (chief work); Poems.

CHARLES HODGE.-(born 1797)-Philadelphia-Professor of Biblical Literature at Princeton-Commentaries on Romans, Ephesians, First Corinthians; History of the Prcsbyterian Church in the States.

ALBERT BARNES.-(born 1798)-Philadelphia-Presbyterian minister-Notes on the Gospels and other Commentaries.

JOSEPH ADDISON ALEXANDER.-(1809-1860)-Philadelphia--Professor in Princeton College-chief works upon Isaiah and the Psalms-associated with Dr. Hodge in a Commentary on the New Testament.

HENRY WARD BEECHER.-(born 1813)-Litchfield, Connecticut-Congregationalist minister-brother of Mrs. Stowe-Lectures: Star Papers; Life-Thoughts.

TRAVELLERS.

JOHN LLOYD STEPHENS, born in New Jersey in 1805, published in 1836-37 Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia, Palestine, Yucatan, and Central America. Italy, Greece, Turkey, Russia, Germany, and France came also within the limit of his wanderings. Overtasking his strength in surveying the Isthmus of Panama with a view to the connection of the oceans by a railway, he died in 1852, at the age of forty-seven.

EDWARD ROBINSON, born in 1794, at Southington in Connec ticut, before entering on his duties as Professor of Biblical Literature in the Union Theological Seminary at New York, spent two years in the Holy Land and the surrounding countries, which on his return he described in Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai, and Arabia Petroa (1841). This learned and valuable work obtained for him the gold medal of the Geographical Society.

AMERICAN LITERATURE.

539

Among American travellers of the last century, we may name Join Bartram (1701-1777), who described East Florida; JOHN WOOLMAN (1720-1772), a Quaker, in whose Journal of a Tour in England Charles Lamb delighted; JONATHAN Carver (1732-1780), who explored the interior of North America, trying to reach the Pacific; and JOHN Ledyard (1751-1789), who travelled both in frozen Siberia and burning Africa, dying at Cairo.

TIMOTHY FLINT, the novelist (1780-1840) contributed to this branch of American literature The Geography and History of the Mississippi Valley-HENRY SCHOOLCRAFT (born 1793), Tours in Missouri, Arkansas, and the Copper Region of Lake Superior, besides various important works upon the Red Race in America-and CHARLES WILKES, of the United States Navy, A Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition, giving an account of travels in Chili, Peru, and the South Seas.

CALEB CUSHING's Reminiscences of Spain; GEORGE CHEEVER's Pilgrim in the Shadow of Mont Blanc and Pilgrim in the Shadow of the Jungfrau; ' BAYARD TAYLOR's Sketches in the East; J. T. HEADLEY's Letters from Italy, the Alps, and the Rhine, are among the most readable books of late American travel.

"Beowulf," the epic, 19.

Celtic writers, 16.

Charles II., the court of, 219.
Chronicle, the Saxon, 23.

Chronicles, the, 30.

Comedy and tragedy, 103, 360.

Conquest, effects of the Norman 28.

Contrast, a literary, 259.

Copyist, picture of a, 41.

Cords, knotted, 10.

Cortez, how Montezuma was informal
of, 13.

DEBATES, Parliamentary, 255.

Dedications, 299.

Bible, Wycliffe's translation of the, 50, 51; ENCYCLOPEDIAS, the, 258.
Cranmer's, 88; Coverdale's, 99; the
Geneva, 137; the Bishop's, 137; King
James's, 137; proposed change, 138;
Hallam's criticism, 138; English of the,
139; burning of the, 135; the chained, 136. |
Book, the first, 9,

FRENCH influence in the court of Charles
II., 220.

Book, the tree and the, 9.
Book-making, first steps in, 10.

Book-binding, 75.

Book-room, an ancient, 12.

Books, leather, 10.

Books in Greek and Roman days, 11.
Booksellers' shops, 299.

Britons, conjecture concerning ancient, 15.
"Brut," Layamon's, 34.

CAIRNS and altars, 10.
Castle hall, picture of a, 36.

Cavaliers- their dress, 176; their wild life,
177; their gallantry in the field, 177;
their writings, 178.

GAZETTE, the LONDON, 254.
Gesta, the, 32.

Gleeman, the Anglo-Saxon, 18.

HACKS, Grub Street, 295; extract from
Macaulay on, 296; success of a few, 298.
Hall, the great man's, 299.
Hieroglyphic painting, a, 14.
Hieroglyphics, 13.

ILLUMINATIONS, 41.
Interludes, the, 103.

LATIN writers among ancient Britons, 17.
Latin works of Anglo-Saxons, 22.
Latin writers of Norman times, 30.
Literary life in the eighteenth century, 294.

542

GENERAL INDEX.

Literary profession, influence of Walpole | Poetry, Latin, of the Norman times, 30.
on the, 291.

MACHINE, König's, 435; success of, in
Printing House Square, 435; Cowper
and Applegath's, 436; Hoe's, 439; in-
fluence of the printing, 440.
Magazines, the, 258.
Managers, waiting on, 298.
Manuscripts, Irish, 16.

Metre, English, 358.

Minstrel, the Anglo-Saxon, 18.
Minstrel and the monk, the, 35.
Minstrel, honour to the, 36; other names
of the, 36; application of the word, 37.
Minstrels, classes of, 36; their dress, 37;
decay of the craft, 38; modern, 38.
Minstrelsy, 38.

Miracle plays, or mysteries, 101.
Monk, the, 40.

Moralities, the, 102.

Poison, the, too strong, 221.
Prayer, the Book of Common, 88.
Press, liberty of the, 255.
Press, the newspaper, 256.
Press, the old, 434; the Stanhope, 434.
Printers of Westminster, the old, 71.
Printers, old, at work, 74.
Printing, invention of, 72.
Printing by steam, 434.
Prose, Anglo-Saxon, 21.
"Psalter of Cashel," the, 16.
Puritans and Cavaliers-their influence
upon English literature, 176.
Puritans-their habits, 178; their hatred
of amusement, 179; their sincerity, 179;
their great literary names, 179.

REPORTING, early, 255.

Reviews, the, 257.

Romance, English metrical, Dr. Craik's

summary of, 40.

Romance, nature of the, 32.

Romance, the Norman, 29.

Romance tongues of France, 29.

New Testament, Tyndale's translation of Romances relating to King Arthur, 32.

NEWSLETTER, the, 254.

Newspapers, earliest, 253.

Newspapers and serials, 253.

SCHOOLS, poetic, 361.

Scriptorium, the, 41.

PAPERS of the Civil War, 253.

Papyrus, the, 11.

"Paraphrase of Caedmon," the, 19; extract
from, 20.

Parchment and vellum, 11.

Periodical literature, when foundation of,
laid, 257.

Periodical writers, 258.
Phonetics, 15.

Picture, a sad, 220.

Picture-writing, 12; of old Mexico, 12.
Play, miracle, 101.

Plays and players of Old England, 101.
Poems, epic, 360; dramatic, 300; lyric, 361.
Poems of Ossian, the, 16.

Poet, passage from Macaulay on word, 296.
Poetry and criticism, notes on, 358.
Poetry and prose, 358.

Poetry, inverted order of words in, 359;
high language of, 359; use of figures in,
359; essence of, 359.
Poetry of the Saxons, 38.

Semi-Saxon writers, 34.

Shameless conduct, 220.

Stage, the old, 104; its scenery, 104; the
audience, 105; social position of the
players, 106.

THEATRES at the Restoration, 221.

'Times," the, 255; printed by steam, 435;
announcement in, 435; statistics of,
437; scene in the printing-house of, 437.
Tragedy and comedy, 104, 360
Triads, the Welsh, 17.

UNITIES, the three, 361.

VELLUM and parchment, 11.
Verse, Anglo-Saxon, 18, 20.

Vice, spread of, 220; what Burke said of
it, 222.

WRITERS, Anglo-Norman, 28.

Writers, life of well-to-do, in days of Wal-
pole, 295.

Writers, periodical, 258.

Writing materials, ancient, 11

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