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Democratis, & Secundi Sententiæ Morales; Joh. Pediafimus de Muliere; Sexti Pythagorei Sententiæ; Theophraftus; Pythagoreorum Fragmenta; Heliodori Optica. This volume was reprinted at Amfterdam, in 1688. 8vo. with the addition of Eratofthenis Catafterifmi, Homeri Vita, [Heraclidis Pontici] Allegoria Homeri, &c.

2. Hiftoriæ Poeticæ Scriptores antiqui, Gr. & Lat. Par. 1675. 8vo. These are, Apollodorus, Conon, Ptolomæus Hephæftion, Parthenius, & Antoninus Liberalis.

3. Rhetores Selecti, Demet. Phalereus, Tiberius Rhetor, Anonymus, & Severus Alexandrinus, Gr. & Lat. Oxon. 1676. 8vo.

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4. Jamblichus de Myfteriis, Gr. & Lat. Oxon. 1678. 8vo. 5. Pfalterium juxta exemplar Alexandrinum, Oxon. 1678. 8vo.

6. Herodoti Opera, Lond. 1679. fol.

7.

An edition of Cicero's works was revised by him. Lond. 1681. 1684. 2 vol. fol.'

We are not informed upon what authority this is faid; nor what fhare Dr. Gale took in the revifal. The preface to the edition of 1681 was written by Adam Littleton; but Gale's name is not mentioned in it. It is included, we suppose, in the word correctoribus: exactiffima cura in correctoribus non defuit.' Littleton's preface is a piece of pedantic Latin.-We know of no edition in 1684.

8. Hiftoriæ Anglicanæ Scriptores quinque, Oxon. 1687. folio.

This volume contains Annales Marganenfes, Chronicon Th. Wikes, Annales Waverleienfes Hiftoria Galf. Vinesalvi, & Hiftoria Walteri de Hemingford.

9. Hiftoriæ Britannica Saxonicæ, Anglo-Danica, Scriptores quindecim. Oxon. 1691. fol.-These fifteen writers are, Gildas, Eddius, Nennius, Afferius. Ran. Higden, Gul. Malmefburienfis, Anonymus Malmefb. Anonymus Ramefienfis, Anonymus Elienfis, Thomas Elyenfis, Joan. Wallingford. Rad. de Diceto, Anonymus, Joan. Fordun, and Alcwinus. To this volume is added an Appendix, containing extracts from Ptolemy's Geography, &c.

This is called by Gale the first volume; and that which contains the Quinque Scriptores, though published four years before the prefent, is called the second, as the authors are of a more modern date. It has no connection, as M. Frefnoy and others have imagined, with the volume of English writers compiled by Mr. William Fulman, under the patronage of bishop Fell, in 1684.

Dr.

Dr. Gale was the author of the infcriptions on the monument, in memory of the dreadful conflagration of London, in 1666; a discourse concerning the Origin of human Literature with Philology and Philofophy, in the Phil. Trans. vol. VI. p. 2231; and a Letter concerning two Roman Altars found in Northumberland, N° 231.

He left in MS. Originis Philocalia, variis MSS. collata, emendata, & novâ versione donata; Jamblichus de vitâ Pythagoræ; Antonini Itinerarium Britanniæ; Sermons on feveral occafions, published by his fon in 1704, and other MSS. fpecified in the Catalogus Manufcriptorum Angliæ & Hiberniæ, iii. p. 185.

Fabricius, in his Bibliotheca Græca, xiii. 640. has very properly diftinguifhed this learned writer from Theophilus Gale, author of the Court of the Gentiles; but with this inaccuracy, that Theophilus is faid to be the father of Thomas: whereas the former was the fon of Theophilus, prebendary of Exeter, and of a different family. [Theophilus was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford; but had his incli- nations biaffed towards the Prefbyterians and Independents;' and after the Restoration was a profeffed diffenter, and loft his fellowship for non-conformity.]

Roger Gale, efq. the eldest fon of the dean, was fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies, Commiffioner of Excife, &c. Though he was confidered as one of the most learned men of his age, he only published the following books and tracks:

1. Antonini Iter Britanniarum, commentariis illuftratum Thomæ Gale, S. T. P. &c. Lond. 1709. 4to. This work was much improved by the editor, who, in the preface, has very properly pointed out, what parts of it were his father's, and what his own. Mr. Gough has three copies of this edition, enriched with many valuable MS. notes by Mr. Roger Gale, Nicholas Man, efq. and Dr. Ab. Francke, fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and rector of West Dene in Wiltshire, 1728; and a fourth with MS. various readings from the two MSS. whence H. Stephens firft printed this Itinerary.

2. The Knowlege of Medals, tranflated from the French of M. Jobert, 1697, 1715, 8vo.

3. Regiftrum Honoris de Richmond, Lond. 1722. fol. 4. A Difcourfe on the four Roman Ways in Britain. Le land's Itin. Vol. VI.

Some other pieces of his are printed in the Philofophical -Tranfactions, vol. xxx. xliii. Horley's Britannia Romana, P. 332. Archæologia, vol. ii. Gent. Mag. vol. xii. p. 135, &c. He died at Scruton, in 1744, in the 72d year of his

age.

age. His MSS. and Roman coins he left by will to Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he was once fellow.

Charles Gale, the dean's fecond fon, was rector of Scruton, [a living in the gift of the family] and died in 1738.

Samuel, the youngest of the dean's fons, was land-surveyor. of the customs, and one of the revivers of the Society of Antiquaries in 1717; a man of great learning, and well verfed in the antiquities of England, for which he left many valuable collections behind him; but printed nothing in his life-time, except a Hiftory of Winchester Cathedral, Lond, 1715, begun by Henry, earl of Clarendon, and continued to that year, with cuts. His Effay on Ulphus's Horn at York is in the Archæologia, vol. i. and another on Cæfar's Paffage over the Thames, in the fame volume; criticised in vol. ii, p. 145.-He died in 1754, at the age

of

72.

As he was a bachelor, and died inteftate, adminiftration of his effects was granted to his only fifter Elizabeth; who, in 1739, became the fecond wife of Dr. Stukeley, and died before her husband, leaving no children. By this incident all her brother's MSS. fell into the doctor's hands. Since his decease, Dr. Ducarel has (by the generofity of Mrs. Fleming, Dr. Stukely's daughter by his first wife) been favoured with feveral of Mr. Samuel Gale's MSS. which are now, 1781, in his poffeffion. Among thefe are, Mr. Gale's Hiftory of York Cathedral in folio, often mentioned by Mr. Drake in his Eboracum, who also cites a MS. drawn up by Mr. Gale, on the city of York; a Tour through many parts of England, 1705; an Account of fome Antiquities at Glastonbury, and in the Cathedrals of Salisbury, Wells, and Winton, 1711; of Sheperton, Cowey-Stakes, &c. 1748; Obfervations upon Kingsbury, in Middlefex, 1751; an Account of Barden, Tunbridge-Wells, &c. with a Lift of the Pictures at Penshurst; an Account of a Journey into Hertfordshire, Bucks, and Warwickshire, 1720; and Mr. Roger Gale's Tour into Scotland, in 1739.

These are some of the most material circumftances of the literary kind, mentioned in the memoirs now before us.

The remaining part of this publication confifts of Mr. Samuel Gale's Tour above mentioned, through Oxford, Gloucefter, Bristol, Bath, Salisbury, Portsmouth, the Isle of Wight, Petworth, Hampton Court, &c. which was revifed by the author in 1730.

From the obfervations of this learned antiquary, which indeed are in general rather curfory and fuperficial, we shall only extract his opinion concerning the origin of Stone-henge.

• Some

Some writers, he fays, will have Stone-henge to be a Roman work; Inigo Jones endeavours, in his book called Stonehenge Reftored, to prove it a temple dedicated by them to the god Calum [Calus]; for which he alledges the order and scheme of the building, confifting of four equilateral triangles, infcribed in a circle, with a double portico: a fcheme much used by the Romans. But this has been refuted.

Mr. Aubrey is of opinion, that it was a temple of the druids, before the Romans entered Britain; that it was a monument built by the old inhabitants of the ifle; fome, that it was a monument built by the Britons in memory of their queen Boadicea; others, that it was the fepulchre of Uther Pendragon, Constantine, Aurelius Ambrofius, and other British kings; others, that it was a monument erected by Ambrofius in memory of the Britons here treacheroufly flain by the Saxons at a treaty. To this laft opinion I should rather adhere, being induced thereto from the name of Ambrofius ftill retained in the neighbouring town of Ambrefbury, once celebrated for its famous monastery of 300 monks, founded here by this very Ambrofius, on condition, that they fhould pray for the fouls of thofe, that were flain by the treachery of Hengift the Saxon. I think, we have reafon to believe him the founder of the one, as well as the other; and from the rudeness and barbarity of the ftructure, I conclude it to be a British monument, the Romans always leaving indifputable inarks of their grandeur, elegance, and particular genius; of any of which our Stone-henge has not the leaft refemblance: nor was ever any infcription found hereabouts, to give it a relation to thofe augult conquerors; nor indeed could I ever find, 'that any of their coins were ever dug up in or near this ftruc

ture.'

This account of the origin of Stone-henge is the fame as that which is given us by Geoffrey of Monmouth, anno 1150, who tells us, that 460 British nobles, treacherously murdered by Hengift, when they were affembled for the purpose of entering into a treaty with the Saxons, were buried there; and that it was also the fepulchre of Ambrofius himself*; but that fabulous hiftorian has added many circumftances to it, which åre abfurd and ridiculous. He relates, that the ftones were originally brought from the fartheft part of Africa, and placed in Ireland by giants, who inhabited that country, forming a ftructure, which was called Chorea Gigantum, or the Glant's Dance; that they poffeffed a myftical or medicinal virtue ; and were removed from Ireland to the place where they now ftand, by the art of Merlin the conjurer. Geoffrey adds, contrary to our author's opinion, that when Ambrofius vifited the place, he found a monaftery, which maintained

Galf. Monumet. Hift. Brit. lib. vi. 15. lib. viii. 9-12. 16.

300

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300 friars, fituated on the mountain of Ambrius, an abbot, who is reported to have been the founder of it, long before that time: qui olim fundator ipfius extiterat *.’ Giraldus Cambrenfis, an. 1180, and Matthew of Westminster, an. 1360, gravely relate this incredible story +. Giraldus expreffes himself in different words; but, as he fays, juxta Britannicam hiftoriam.' Matthew evidently transcribes his account from Geoffrey, placing the maffacre in the year 461, and the erecting of the monument in 490. Walter of Coventry, an. 1217, likewise sets it down as authentic hiftory. Nennius, an. 620, relates the ftory of the maffacre; but fays nothing of the monument 1. William of Malmesbury, an. 1141, mentions the maffacre §. Ranulphus Higden, an. 1350, records the ftory of the maffacre, and the removal of the stones from Ireland to Salisbury Plain, on the faith of British hiftory: fecundum traditionem hiftoriæ Britannica ||.' Fordun, the Scotch hiftorian, an. 1360, takes notice of the maffacre ¶. John of Tinmouth, an. 1366, calls the place Mons Ambrofii Mons Ambrofii, qui nunc vulgò Stanhenges dicitur **.' Polydore Virgil, an. 1533, afferts, that it was erected, not to the memory of the British nobles, but to the honour of Ambrofius, who, according to his account, was buried there ††. John Twine (1550), a diligent and refpectable antiquary, fpeaks of Stonehenge, as the fepulchre both of the British nobles and Ambrofius: In editiore loco, ex ejus nomine Mons Ambrofii dictus, fepultus eft Aurelianus Ambrofius; ubi ipfe prius, Ambrofii Merlini mathematici, fcientià fretus, ut fertur, gigantum choream, vel immenfæ magnitudinis faxa, in memoriam occiforum & fepultorum ibi Britannorum procerum, erexerat ‡‡.

Camden only gives the fentiments of others, and laments, that we have no records now remaining, which might afcertain the origin of this ftupendous work: De his non mihi fubtiliùs difputandum, fed dolentiùs deplorandum, obliteratos effe tanti monumenti authores §§.'

We have here cited fome of the earliest writers now extant, on the fubject. Most of them, we confefs, may have taken their accounts from Geoffrey of Monmouth; and confequently their reports depend on the credit of oxe fabulous hiftorian. Dr. Brady, in his History of England, has ob.

+ Giraldi Topog. Hib. dift. ij. cap. 18. Mat•
Nennii Hift. Brit. cap. 48.
Ran. Higd. Polychr. lib. v.
** In Vità Dubricii.

* Ibid. vi. 15. Weft. fub, an. 461,490. Malmefb. lib. i. cap. 1. duni Scot. Hift. lib. iii. cap. 15. lyd. Verg. Angl. Hift. lib. iii.

p. 117.

Camd. Brit. p. 220.

S W.

For++ Po

Twinus de Reb. Alb. lib. ii.

ed. 1600.

ferved,

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