and by depriving the body of its thinner fluids may be looked upon as the immediate caufe of fome diseases, and the pre-difpofing one to others. When it fets in fooner or later in the month of October, it is confidered by the inhabitants as producing a ceffation of the fickly weather, and the beginning of healthier. In the months of December and January, when the fun is at its greatest distance, it makes the weather feel very cold in the nights and the mornings.

The putrid diforder, which proved fo fatal to the garrifon and the inhabitants of Senegal, made its appearance in the beginning of Auguft. The preceding month of July had been remarkably healthy; though the weather was very hot and fultry, there were only three foldiers in the hofpital for flight venereal diforders; but we learnt by fome black meffengers, who came from Goree, that there was a fever raging there, which had carried off numbers of the French garrifon and inhabitants of the island, and we thought ourselves very happy not to partake of their fate. On the fecond of Auguft one of the foldiers, who was in the hofpital for a gonorrhea, being cured, was difcharged. The fourth of August he was again reported to me as very fick in the barracks. I went to fee and found him in a high fever with the worst fymptoms. I ordered him to be carried to the hofpital, where he died the third day, with all the fymptoms of the greatest putridity. The orderly man of the hospital was feized on the fixth of Auguft with the fame disease, and died the ninth. One of the venereal patients, who remained still in the hofpital, was taken with the fame fever, and died a few days after. Some of the foldiers of the fort, having access to the hofpital to vifit their fick comrades, took the contagion, and fpread it through the whole garrifon. I am apt to believe, that the diforder was brought to Senegal by the black meffengers from Goree; for I understood that one of them had died foon after his arrival in Senegal, and it may be, that the foldier who died first of it got the infection from them; for it is probable, that being discharged the hofpital on the fecond of Auguft, and having leave to take a walk on the island on the third, he had been in company with fome of these black meffengers, or in the huts where they reforted, for the fake of hearing some news from Goree, where he was acquainted. It may perhaps be obferved, that the foldier taking the contagion on the third of Auguft, it could not make fo rapid a progrefs as to manifeft itself the next morning in the highest degree; but this I intend to fupport by the following cafes. One of the furgeon's mates dreffed a blifter on the back of a foldier, ill of the diforder, with a digestive foftened with oil of turpentine: having done, he came into the furgery, and looked quite pale, telling me, that the foldier's back had fmelled fo putrid and offenfive, that it had made him quite faint and fick at the ftomach. He took fome tincture of bark and bitters, and went home, when a fever, with a train of the worst fymptoms, made its appearance in the evening,

and

and he died the third day. Another gentleman, who was fent for by the faid furgeon's mate in the morning of the second day of his illness, and requested to draw up a will for him, arrived while I was prefent. He fpoke with the patient for a few minutes, and then took me afide, faying, that there was a certain fmell about the room, which made him faint and fick at the ftomach, and that he should be obliged to retire; he did, but in the evening was feized with the fever and all its bad fymptoms, went through feveral cf its ftages, but recovered. A black boy, who had been waiting on the faid furgeon's mate during his illness, was taken with the fame diforder, and died of it in a few days. I could produce feveral other cafes to ftrengthen what I have advanced concerning the quick appearance of the diforder itfelf after the contagion had taken place, but I think the three related ones fufficient.

The ceffation of this contagious disease may be dated from about the middle of September. Governor Clarke, who died the 18th of this month, concluded the dreadful fcene. He had avoided the communication with all fick people, but did not hefitate in admitting my company. I was the only one who dined with him for feveral weeks; and as I was continually among the fick in the hospital and on the island (of the former of which I gave him a return every morning) I might probably have conveyed the infection to him in my cloathing, though I was not affected myself. A few people died in the months of October, November, and December; fome of relapfes of the fame fever, and others of fevere fluxes and abfceffes in the liver, in which the disorder had terminated. It is remarkable, that a fleet of merchant-men, under convoy of a floop of war, which left Senegal on the fourth of Auguft, and failed for England, had, by what I could learn, been entirely free from this disorder; neither did it reach as far as the river Gambia, for the garrifon at Fort James in that river enjoyed a pretty good ftate of health during all this time, and loft only two men, who died of fluxes.'

Then follows the journal of the thermometer, wind, and weather; which is very copious, being generally marked three or four times each day.

Com

Art. XXIX. Aftronomical Obfervations relating to the Mountains of the Moon. By Mr. Herschel of Bath. municated by Dr. Watfon, jun. of Bath, F. R. S.-By Mr. Herschell's obfervations, the height of the lunar mountains appears to be much less than it has ever been made by former aftronomers, the highest according to his computations being little more than 13 miles,

Art. XXX. Account of an extraordinary Pheasant. By Mr. John Hunter, F. R. S.-This article treats of the curious circumftance of a hen pheafant that had affumed the plumage of the cock. Similar inftances are related of other birds;

and

and ingenious obfervations are interfperfed through the paper.

Art. XXXI. A Letter to Jofeph Banks, Efq. Prefident of the Royal Society, &c. from Daniel-Peter Layard, M. D. Fellow of the Royal Societies of London, Antiquaries, and Gottingen, &c. relative to the Diftemper among the horned Cattle, contains a fhort history of that diforder, with me thods of prevention and cure.

Art. XXXII. An Inveftigatiou of the Principles of progref five and rotatory Motion. By the Rev. S. Vince, A. M. of Sidney College, Cambridge. Communicated by George Atwood, A. M. F. R. S.-This article contains a new inveftigation of fome of the first principles and effects of motion arifing from the impulfe of bodies. The memoir was honoured with the annual prize medal of the Royal Society.

Art. XXXIII. Continuation of the Cafe of James Jones. By Richard Browne Chefton, Surgeon to the Gloucefter Infirmary. Communicated by Mr. Henry Watson, Surgeon to the Weftminster Hofpital.

Art. XXXIV. Thermometrical Experiments and Obfervations. By Tiberius Cavallo, F. R. S. who was nominated by the Prefident and Council to profecute Discoveries in Natural History, pursuant to the Will of the late Henry Baker, Efq. F. R. S.

Collections for the Hiftory of Worcestershire. Volume the First. Folio. zl. 12s. 6d. boards. Payne and Son.

TH

'HE author of this vast collection is Treadway Nash, D. D. rector of St. Peter's in Droitwich, and proprietor of Bevereye, in the county of Worcester. This gentleman, who appears to be actuated with a laudable zeal for the interests of his native county, informs us, he has often wished that fome perfon would write the hiftory and antiquities of Worcefterfhire. He propofed the undertaking to feveral individuals, offering them all the affiftance in his power; and he even invited the Society of Antiquaries to choose a proper perfon; promifing to open a fubfcription with three or four hundred pounds. But failing of fuccefs in all his applications, he refolved to undertake the work himself, which he knew would be facilitated by materials that had been collecting for almost two hundred years.

The first collector, he informs us, was Mr. Thomas Ha bington of Hinlip. This unfortunate gentleman, bigoted to his religion, and pitying the hard fate of Mary Queen of Scots, en

gaged

gaged in designs for releafing her, which had nearly coft him his life; he was however pardoned, and permitted to retire to Hinlip, which was fettled upon him by his father, in confideration of his marriage with Mary, eldest daughter of Edward lord Morley, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter and fole heir of fir William Stanley, kight, lord Monteagle. Notwithstanding this escape, Mr. Habington could not help engaging in the gunpowder-plot, wherein if he was not directly concerned, yet for entertaining Garnet, Oldcorn, and others, he was committed to the Tower, and condemned to die; but by the interceffion of his wife's fa ther, lord Morley, and being queen Elizabeth's godfon, he was reprieved, and pardoned on condition that he fhould retire to Hinlip, and never again ftir out of Worcestershire. In this retirement, he gave himself up entirely to study the Antiquities of the county. He died October 8, 1647, aged 87. His portrait is sketched under the article Hinlip.

His papers were transcribed by his fon William Habington, who made fome few additions to them, though his ftudies were chiefly in the poetic line. The history of Edward IV. written and published at the request of Charles I. was chiefly compiled from his father's papers. He died November 30, 1659, leaving his collections to his fon Thomas Habinton, of Hinlip, who dying without iffue left his eftate to fir William Compton.

The MSS. luckily fell into the hands of Dr. Thomas, the induftrious antiquary of Worcester, the publisher of Dugdale's Warwickshire, the Survey of Worcester Cathedral, and many other pieces. He died July 26, 1738, without iffue male, after having taken much pains in collating the regifters of the bishops, and dean and chapter, and making many other valuable additions to Habington's papers. A mezzotinto portrait of him is an nexed.

• After Dr. Thomas's death, all the papers were purchased by Dr. Charles Lyttelton, late bishop of Carlifle, and prefident of the Society of Antiquaries, who made many additions to them from the Old Chapter-house Westminster, the Tower Records, and other public offices. He died 1768, and by will left his collections to the Society of Antiquaries of London; in whose library they remained till the year 1774, when they were entrufted to me for the purpose of revifing and publishing.'

The account of the collection is followed by various particulars relative to the ancient hiftory of the county, its geography, political and ecclefiaftical state, and natural history; which are fucceeded by a curious fac fimile, in thirteen plates, of the Domesday furvey of the county. The reverend author acknowleges, with a modefty which does him honour, that this work can be confidered only as parochial collections for a hiftory; obferving at the fame time, as an apology for the mjauteness of detail, that a county hiftorian is by profeffion a dealer in small ware,'

Dr. Nath has, with great propriety, arranged the materials in alphabetical order; a method which he was induced to adopt, from a confideration of the irregular fhape of the county, and the disjointed manner in which the parishes lie.

The materials of this vaft collection confift of a general account of the respective manors, as delineated in Domesdaybook; copies of ancient grants and other deeds; number of families, genealogical tables, armorial bearings, patrons of benefices, lifts of incumbents, monumental infcriptions, the rate of land-tax, the ftate of the poor, with a variety of occafional particulars.

In compiling a work of this kind, the author is naturally expofed to peculiar difficulties. If he be minute in the account of local circumstances, he is liable to be cenfured, by those who confider the public utility as the most indispensable object of the hiftorian: while, on the other hand, if he facrifice the general tafte, to the gratification of provincial attachments, he runs the hazard, not only of fruftrating the principal end of his literary refearches, but of extinguishing those incitements which contribute most to support him in the profecution of fo laborious a work. We have the pleasure to obferve, that Dr. Nafh has, as much as poffible, reconciled thofe oppofite difficulties.

In treating of a monument at Alvechurch, the author makes the following remarks, which may not be unacceptable to antiquaries.

It is an opinion which univerfally prevails with regard to thefe cross-legged monuments, that they were all erected to the memory of Knights Templars. Now to me it is very evident, that not one of them belonged to that order; but, as Mr. Habingdon, in defcribing this at Alvechurch, hath justly expreffed it, to the Knights of the Holy Voyage. For the order of Knights Templars followed the rule of the Canons Regular of St. Austin, and as fuch were under a vow of celibacy. Now there is a scarce one of these monuments, which is certainly known for whom it was erected, but it is as certain that the perfon it represents was a married man. The Knights Templars always wore a white habit, with a red crofs on the left fhoulder. I believe not a ingle inftance can be produced of either the mantle or crofs being carved on any of thefe monuments, which furely would not have been omitted, as by it they were distinguished from all other orders, had thefe been really defigned to reprefent Knights Templars. Laftly, this order was not confined to England only, but difperfed itself all over Europe. Yet it will be very difficult to find one cross-legged monument any where out of England; whereas no doubt they would have abounded in France, Italy, and elsewhere, had it been a fashion peculiar to that famous order.

But