for a considerable time in the Minories. At length, every preparation having been made for his funeral, his body was brought from the Minories to St. Paul's, where it was lowered 16th of January 1586--7.

into the earth on the Such was the sensation

created by the death of this illustrious man, that the public mourned for him as for a near relative: indeed we are told that, for many months after his death, "it was accounted indecent for any gentleman of quality to appear at court or in the City in any light or gaudy apparel." His contemporaries, however, who buried him so sumptuously, and who mourned his loss so reverently, forgot to raise a monument to the memory of their idol: his fame, however, needed none; for in the words of the concluding couplet of the epitaph written on him by James the First, then King of Scotland

Yet doth he in a bed of honour rest;

And evermore of him shall live the best.

In the dead of night, on the 6th of April 1590, was lowered into the grave, in old St. Paul's, in silence and stealth, the body of the wily, the eloquent, and insinuating Sir Francis Walsingham,— he who with equal grace and versatility of talent, had breathed soft nothings into the ear of Queen Elizabeth; had bandied wit with Henry the Fourth of France; and had discussed the philosophy of Plato and the graces of Euripides, with the royal pedant, James the First. So far was he from having enriched himself while employed in the service of his country, that his friends, apprehen

sive that his body might be seized by his creditors, buried him at their own expense, in the stealthy manner to which we have alluded.

Another magnificent monument was to the memory of Sir Christopher Hatton, the gallant Lord Chancellor of England, whose graceful dancing at a masque is said to have first attracted the notice of Queen Elizabeth.

The last monument which we shall mention is that of Dr. Donne, to which a curious history attaches itself. In order to have near him a constant memento of the uncertainty of life, he caused himself to be wrapped up in a windingsheet, in the same manner as if he had been dead. Being thus shrouded, with so much of the sheet put aside as served to discover his attenuated form, and death-like countenance, he caused a skilful painter to take his picture; his face being purposely turned towards the east, from whence he expected the second coming of our Saviour. This painful picture he kept constantly by his bed-side, and it afterwards served as a pattern for his tomb. In the last hours of his life, he summoned several of his most intimate friends to his sick chamber. Having taken an affectionate farewell of them, he prepared himself to die with the utmost cheerfulness and resignation; pronouncing with his last breath the words, Thy kingdom come, thy will be done." Of all the monuments in Old St. Paul's Cathedral, it is remarkable that Dr. Donne's was the only one which remained un

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injured by the great fire. It is still to be seen in the crypt beneath the present edifice, together with the mutilated effigies of Sir Nicholas Bacon, of Dean Colet, and one or two others. His effigy represents him in the attitude, and in the garb of a corpse, according to the manner in which he was painted in his life-time.

We are at a loss to centuries have been

conjecture why nearly two allowed to elapse, without so interesting a relic having been restored to a place in the present Cathedral.

In old St. Paul's was buried the great painter, Vandyke; but no monument seems to have been erected to his memory.

At the north-east of St. Paul's Cathedral stood the famous Paul's Cross. "In the midst of the churchyard," writes Stow," is a pulpit-cross of timber, mounted upon steps of stone, and covered with lead, in which are sermons preached by learned divines every Sunday in the forenoon; the very antiquity of which cross is to me unknown. I read that in the year 1259, King Henry III. commanded a general assembly to be made at this cross, where he in proper person commanded the Mayor, that on the next day following, he should cause to be sworn before the Alderman every stripling of twelve years of age, or upward, to be true to the King and his heirs, Kings of England. Also, in the year 1262, the same King caused to be read at Paul's Cross a bull, obtained from Pope Urban IV., as an absolution for him, and for all that were

sworn to maintain the articles made in Parliament, at Oxford. Also, in the year 1299, the Dean of Paul's cursed, at Paul's Cross, all those which had searched in the church of St. Martin-in-the-Field, for a hoard of gold. This pulpit-cross was, by tempest of lightning and thunder, defaced. Thomas Kempe, Bishop of London, new built it in form as it now standeth."

On the occasion of sermons being preached at Paul's Cross, seats were set apart in covered galleries for the King, the Lord Mayor, and the principal citizens; while the remaining part of the congregation sat in the open air. At Paul's Cross, for centuries, the Church of Rome thundered forth its anathemas on its foes, and showered its benedictions on its champions: here it was the custom to announce to the assembled citizens the will and pleasure of the Sovereign, and the bulls of the Pope; hither the Kings of England were accustomed to repair, either to listen to some eminent preacher, or to return thanks for the success of their arms; here royal marriages were proclaimed, and rebellious subjects denounced; and lastly, here it was that the wanton were made to perform penance, and the timid were brought to recant their religious errors, with the emblematical faggot in their arms.

It was at Paul's Cross, in 1457, that the wellknown Reginald Peacocke, Bishop of Chichester, submitted to the degrading ceremony of publicly recanting the religious opinions which he had advanced in his writings. Southey is charitable to

his weakness and his motives,-" Let no one," he says, "reproach his memory because martyrdom was not his choice! Considering the extreme humiliation to which he submitted, it can hardly be doubted but that death would have been the preferable alternative, had he not acted under a sense of duty. He was brought in his episcopal habit to St. Paul's Cross in the presence of twenty thousand people, and placed at the Archbishop's feet, while fourteen of his books were presented to the Bishops of London, Rochester, and Dunholm, as judges. These books he was ordered to deliver with his own hands to the person by whom they were to be thrown into the fire, there ready for that purpose. Then standing up at the Cross, he read his abjuration in English, confessing that, presuming upon his own natural wit, and preferring the natural judgment of reason before the Scriptures, and the determination of the Church, he had published many perilous and pernicious books, containing heresies and errors, which he then specified as they had been charged against him." As many copies of his books, as could be collected, were then thrown into the flames.

Before the Cross, clothed with a white sheet, and with a taper in her hand, was led the frail, but charitable and accomplished Jane Shore, the beloved mistress of Edward the Fourth. In an admirable defence, she had succeeded in clearing herself of the charges of witchcraft and of conspiring against the life of the Protector, which had been preferred against