Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Education in MoroccoSpringer Science & Business Media, 2005 M12 5 - 253 pages In this book, I attempt to show how colonial and postcolonial political forces have endeavoured to reconstruct the national identity of Morocco, on the basis of cultural representations and ideological constructions closely related to nationalist and ethnolinguistic trends. I discuss how the issue of language is at the centre of the current cultural and political debates in Morocco. The present book is an investigation of the ramifications of multilingualism for language choice patterns and attitudes among Moroccans. More importantly, the book assesses the roles played by linguistic and cultural factors in the development and evolution of Moroccan society. It also focuses on the impact of multilingualism on cultural authenticity and national identity. Having been involved in research on language and culture for many years, I am particularly interested in linguistic and cultural assimilation or alienation, and under what conditions it takes place, especially today that more and more Moroccans speak French and are influenced by Western social behaviour more than ever before. In the process, I provide the reader with an updated description of the different facets of language use, language maintenance and shift, and language attitudes, focusing on the linguistic situation whose analysis is often blurred by emotional reactions, ideological discourses, political biases, simplistic assessments, and ethnolinguistic identities. |
Contents
| 1 | |
Historical Background | 9 |
Language Culture and Identity | 19 |
Arabic | 47 |
Berber | 71 |
French | 97 |
Foreign Languages | 111 |
Bilingualism 123 | 122 |
Code Switching and its Social Significance | 139 |
Language Use and Language Attitudes | 157 |
Language Policy Literacy and Education | 199 |
Conclusion 229 | 228 |
| 233 | |
| 248 | |
Map | 253 |
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Abbassi administration African languages Algeria Amazigh Arab-Islamic Arabic and Berber Arabic and French Arabic language Arabisation Arabophones associated attitudes Berber and Moroccan Berber culture Berber language Berberophones borrowing Boukous Casablanca Chapter characterised Classical Arabic code switching codified colonial communication context cultural identity dialect diglossia domains economic educational system elite English Ennaji favour Fès Fishman foreign language Francophone functions gender Grandguillaume high school illiteracy illiterate independence Islam language and culture language policy language shift lexical linguistic literacy loans Maghreb Meknès modern modernisation Moroccan Arabic Moroccan Arabic-French Morocco mother tongue multilingual Muslim national language nationalist official language phonological political population Qur'an Rabat Sadiqi second language situation social society sociolinguistic Sociology of Language Spanish speak spoken Standard Arabic Standard Arabic-French bilingualism standardised studies Tamazight Tarifit Tashelhit taught teachers teaching Tifinagh Today tradition University urban varieties of Arabic variety vowels Western women