LAMBETH, AND LAMBETH PALACE.

MANOR OF LAMBETH. LAMBETH PALACE. ITS EARLY HISTORY. FREQUENTLY USED AS A PRISON.-DESCRIPTION OF THE PALACE.-LOLLARDS' TOWER.-HISTORICAL EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PALACE.-ARCHBISHOP LAUD.— LAMBETH PARISH CHURCH.-PERSONS BURIED THERE.ANECDOTE OF THE QUEEN OF JAMES THE SECOND.-CUPER'S GARDENS.

THE

HE ancient manor of Lambeth, independently of its celebrated episcopal palace, is replete with historical associations. Here, in 1041, died Hardicanute in the midst of the revelry of a banquet given in celebration of the nuptials of a Danish Lord; and here it was, in 1066, on the death of Edward the Confessor, that Harold assumed the

crown.

Immediately before the Norman Conquest we find the manor of Lambeth in the possession of the Confessor's sister, the Countess Goda-wife to Walter Earl of Mantes, and afterwards to Eustace Earl of Boulogne-who conferred it on the See of Rochester. From the reign of William the Conqueror the manor continued to be held by that See till the reign of Richard Cœur de Lion, in whose reign a portion of it was exchanged by Gilbert de Glanville, Bishop of Rochester, with Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, for certain lands in the Isle of Grain. Ten years afterwards, in 1197, the entire manor of Lambeth was made over by Bishop Glanville to Archbishop Hubert Walter, in exchange for the manor of Darent in Kent. The Bishop, however, reserved to himself

and to his successors a plot of ground "to the east of the manor-place," on which he subsequently erected a mansion for the convenience of the Bishops of Rochester on the occasions of their attending Parliament. It was further stipulated by Bishop Glanville, that the annual sum of five marks of silver should be paid to himself and to his successors for ever, as a compensation for the lodging, fire, wood, and forage which he and his predecessors in the See had hitherto enjoyed in right of possessing the manor. This tax is said to be still paid by the Archbishops of Canterbury to the See of Rochester.

Rochester Place, as the mansion built by Bishop Glanville was called, continued to be the London residence of the Bishops of Rochester till the reign of Henry the Eighth, when it came into the possession of that monarch, who exchanged it with Aldridge, Bishop of Carlisle, for certain lands in the Strand. From this period it became known as Carlisle House, and hence Carlisle Street, Lambeth, derives its name.

Whether previously to the close of the twelfth century— at which period the manor of Lambeth came into the possession of the Archbishops of Canterbury-they were possessed of a palace in this neighbourhood, is doubtful. Certain it is, however, that they occasionally resided here as early as the time of the Saxon kings, and consequently that they may then have had a fixed residence in some part of the manor is not impossible. The present palace is said to have been commenced about the year 1262; the task and expense of erecting it having been imposed by the Pope upon Archbishop Boniface, as a punishment for a disgraceful assault which he had made on the sub-prior of St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield.*

*See ante, p. 42.

Between the years 1424 and 1435 considerable additions were made to the palace by Archbishop Chicheley, among which was the interesting Lollards' Tower, famous as having been the scene of the sufferings of the unfortunate followers of Wickliffe. The magnificent gateway of the palace was erected by Cardinal Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury, about the year 1490; and in 1610 the noble library was founded by Archbishop Bancroft.

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During the civil troubles in the reign of Charles the First Lambeth Palace was frequently made use of by the Parliament as a prison. Among the more eminent persons who were confined here were the brave and high-minded James Earl of Derby, who was beheaded for his loyalty to Charles the First, and Richard Lovelace, the poet. In 1648, Lambeth House, as it was then called, was exposed for sale by order of the usurping powers. The purchasers were one Matthew Hardy, or Hardinge, and Colonel Thomas Scot, of whom the latter, having sat as one of the King's judges, was, after the Restoration, executed at Charing Cross. sum for which the palace and manor were purchased was £7037 Os. 8d. The fine old hall, built by Archbishop Chicheley, was at once pulled down and the materials sold; the monuments in the chapel were either destroyed or mutilated; and the chapel itself was converted into a kind of banqueting-room. In this condition the venerable palace remained till the Restoration, when Archbishop Juxon, on his appointment to the See of Canterbury, restored it with great care and expense; besides rebuilding the hall according to its ancient model. Other improvements have since been made by successive primates, among which was the stately withdrawing-room built by Archbishop Cornwallis in 1769.

Passing under Cardinal Morton's gateway, close to it is

the porter's lodge, adjoining which is a small room, with walls of great thickness, guarded by double doors. Within this apartment may be seen three strong iron rings affixed to the wall, affording unquestionable evidence of its having been anciently used as a prison. Here, it is said, some of the devoted Lollards were confined on occasions when the tower which bears their name was full to overflowing.

On the right of the courtyard is the great hall rebuilt by Archbishop Juxon, who appears to have watched its progress towards completion with great interest. "If," are the words of his last will," I happen to die before the hall at Lambeth be finished, my executors are to be at the charge of finishing it according to the model made of it, if my successor shall give leave." The hall is ninety-three feet in length, thirtyeight in breadth, and upwards of fifty feet in height. The roof, which is of oak and chestnut elaborately carved, represents in several places the arms of Archbishop Juxon and of the See of Canterbury. Not less striking is the large north window, rich with ancient and beautiful specimens of painted glass, collected from different parts of the edifice. Here are repeated the arms of Juxon and of the See of Canterbury, and, conspicuous above the rest, the arms of Philip the Second of Spain, the husband of Queen Mary, said to have been painted by order of Cardinal Pole, in compliment to his royal mistress.

The great hall of Lambeth Palace is now converted into a library. The noble collection of books which it contains was on the point of being sold and dispersed during the Commonwealth, but by the exertions of the learned Selden was fortunately preserved. It may be said to have been founded by Archbishop Bancroft in 1610, since which time successive primates have enriched it by numerous donations and bequests.

The Guard Chamber, designated in the steward's accountin the reign of Henry the Sixth as the camera armigerorum, is a beautiful and interesting apartment. Here in former times were hung the armour and weapons kept for the defence of the palace, which weapons passed by purchase from one Archbishop to another. In addition to a few portraits of earlier date, this apartment contains an unbroken series of likenesses of the primates of England from the time of Archbishop Warham's elevation to the archiepiscopal see, in 1504, to the present day. These portraits, moreover, possess an additional interest from the circumstance of their presenting to the eye, at one view, the different alterations which have taken place in ecclesiastical costume during the last three centuries and a half.

The guard chamber of Lambeth Palace opens into the Gallery, another fine apartment, originally built by Cardinal Pole, which is also full of interesting portraits of different prelates and other eminent persons. Among the latter may be mentioned the fine picture of Luther and his wife, said to be the work of Holbein, and a portrait, richly painted and gilded, of Catherine Parr. Other apartments, such as the Presence Chamber, which was formerly hung with tapestry-the Great Dining Room-and the Old Drawing Room, anciently styled le velvet room, from its having been hung with red and purple velvet-are also well worthy of a visit.

The Chapel, which is supposed to have been part of the original edifice of Archbishop Boniface, measures seventytwo feet in length, twenty-five in breadth, and thirty in height. Its former richly-stained lancet windows, the introduction of which was one of the crimes alleged against Archbishop Laud at his trial, were destroyed by the Puritans during the civil troubles. Its elaborately carved oak screen, however, bearing the arms of Laud, still remains. In front