old time, commonly worn of noblemen and others, both at home and abroad, in the wars; but then (to wit, in the wars) their arms embroidered, or otherwise depicted upon them, that every man by his coat of arms might be known from others. But now these tabards are only worn by the heralds, and called their coats of arms in service."-"This was the hostelry," writes Speght, in 1598-" where Chaucer and the other pilgrims met together, and with Harry Baily, their host, accorded about the manner of their journey to Canterbury; and whereas through time it hath been much decayed, it is now by Master J. Preston, with the abbot's house thereto adjoined, newly repaired, and with convenient rooms much increased, for the receipt of many guests." To the hour of its destruction an apartment in the Tabard, evidently of great antiquity, bore the name of " the Pilgrims' Room." The date of its change of title from the Tabard to the Talbot would seem to be 1676. "The ignorant landlord, or tenant," writes Aubrey, "instead of the ancient sign of the Tabard, put up the Talbot, or dog."

To the south east of London Bridge lies the populous district of Bermondsey. Here in ancient times the Norman Kings of England had a suburban palace; at least, in 1154, hither we find Henry the Second conducting his Queen, Eleanora of Aquitaine, shortly after their coronation; and here, in February the following year, she gave birth to her second son. When Pennant wrote his "London," there was a court at Bermondsey, containing a house of very great antiquity," called "King John's Court," which may possibly have had some relation to the ancient palace of his father, Henry the Second. Here stood the once famous Bermondsey Abbey dedicated to St. Saviour, founded in 1082 by Aylwin Childe, a citizen of London, for monks of the Cluniac order. Within its walls the beautiful Catherine of Valois, widow of

Henry the Fifth, sought an asylum from the cares and turmoils of the world, and here she breathed her last. Here too a still more beautiful Princess, Elizabeth Woodville, widow of the gallant and amorous Edward the Fourth, and mother of Edward the Fifth and Richard Duke of York, suffered a melancholy captivity of six years; and here, in 1492, she breathed her last.

In the church of the old Abbey were interred the remains of many persons of note; among these may be recorded Mary, sister of Maude, Queen of Henry the First, and Thomas Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester, who was murdered at Calais in 1397.

In 1539 Bermondsey Abbey was formally surrendered to Henry the Eighth by its last Abbot, Robert de Wharton, who was remunerated by a pension of £333 6s. 8d., and subsequently advanced to the Bishopric of St. Asaph. The monks, less fortunate, were thrown on the wide world with small pensions varying from £5 6s. 8d. to £10. The Abbey and Manor were conferred by Henry on Sir Robert Southwell, Master of the Rolls, by whom they were sold to Sir Thomas Pope, who, having pulled down the church and the greater portion of the monastic buildings, erected a stately mansion on their site. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth we find Thomas Ratcliff, Earl of Sussex, the celebrated rival of the Earl of Leicester in the Queen's favour, residing in this house. Here too, according to Stow, in 1583 he breathed his last.

Among the dingy courts and streets which now cover the site of Bermondsey Abbey, the antiquary may still discover some slight but interesting remains of the old monastic edifice, such as a portion of the garden-wall of the monastery in the churchyard of St. Mary Magdalen, and a fragment of the eastern gateway in Grange Walk. The site also of the

shady retreats enjoyed by the old monks is still pointed out by the names of the now crowded thoroughfares known as Grange Walk, Grange Road, and Long Walk. In Bermondsey Square, too, the site of the great courtyard of the Abbey, were not many years back to be seen some ancient trees, under which not improbably the old monks sauntered and meditated.

The parish church of St. Mary, Bermondsey, stands on the site of a church, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen, whose foundation dated as far back as the days of the Saxons. The present plain and uninteresting edifice was erected in 1680.

Nearly on the site of the present Tooley Street stood the inn or mansion of the Abbot of Battle in Sussex. From this house Battle-Bridge Stairs derive their name; as Maze Street and Maze-pond Street also owe their names to a pond and maze, or labyrinth, formerly in the Abbot's garden. It may be mentioned that in the days when Southwark was a rural district, the neighbourhood of Bermondsey would seem to have been highly popular with the dignitaries of the Church. Near St. Olave's Church, for instance, stood the mansion of the Abbot of Lewes; while on the site of St. Leger, corrupted into Sellenger, Wharf, was the inn of the Abbot of St. Augustine's at Canterbury; subsequently the residence of Sir Anthony St. Leger, Lord Deputy of Ireland in the reign of Henry the Eighth.

The last place we have to mention before bringing our notices of old London to a close, is Rotherhithe, occasionally corrupted into Redriff. When, in 1016, Canute the Dane sailed up the Thames, and found his further progress arrested by the narrow arches and fortifications of London Bridge, it was at Rotherhithe that he commenced that famous canal which enabled him, by taking a circuitous route, to moor his ships under the walls of the city. Here, too, it

was that Edward the Black Prince fitted out a fleet for the invasion of France; and lastly, it was to Rotherhithe that the youthful King, Richard the Second, proceeded by water to hold a conference with Wat Tyler and his rebel followers. The parish church of St. Mary, Rotherhithe, was erected in 1714. In the churchyard is a monument to the memory of Prince Lee Boo, son of Abba Thulle Rupach, King of Goo-roo-raa, one of the Pelew Islands in the Pacific. The "Antelope," East Indiaman, having been wrecked off the island of Goo-roo-raa, on the night of the 9th August, 1783, King Abba Thulle not only treated the crew with the utmost tenderness, but conferred on them the island of Oroolong, where they contrived to build a small vessel which carried them to China. At their departure, Captain Wilson, who commanded the "Antelope," carried with him, with the King's permission, his second son, Prince Lee Boo, a very interesting and promising youth. He never again beheld the lofty palms of his native island. A few months after his arrival in England he was attacked by a disorder of which he died at the house of Captain Wilson in Paradise Row, on the 29th of December, 1784. The monument to his memory in Rotherhithe churchyard was erected by the East India Company, in gratitude for the humanity and kindness with which their servants had been treated by his father.

INDEX.

Adam, Robert, i. 417; iii. 342.

Adam Street, iii. 342.

Adam and Eve Gardens, i. 332.
Addington, Dr., i. 58.

Addison, Joseph, i. 63, 73, 88, 106, 142, 273, 289,
299, 303, 308, 311, 3434, 350; ii. 240, 282-3,
359-60; iii. 58, 108, 256, 411-12.

Addle Street, iii. 13.

Adel Street, iii. 13.

Adelaide, Queen, i. 147; ii. 216.
Adeling, iii. 164.

Adelphi, The, i. 359, 417; ii. 63; iii. 342-4,360.
Adelphi Terrace, iii. 342.

Admiralty, The, i. 407, 413, 417-18; ii. 47.
Adolphus, John, iii. 139.

Agincourt, i. 205, 207, 235, 291-2, 295; ii. 106,

211, 217, 274, 286-7; iii. 114, 222, 318.

Ailesbury, Lady, i. 66.

Akenside, Mark, i. 16, 58, 107; iii. 130, 322.
Akerman, Richard, iii. 290.

Albany, The, i. 8, 14, 15, 65.