Innocent VI., his dispute with the German
clergy, 489

VIII. succeeds Sixtus IV., 649;
violates the engagements made at his
election, ib.; pensions his illegitimate
children on the Apostolical treasury, ib.;
succeeded by Alexander VI., 650
Inquisition, the, 445; the title of Inquisitors
first given to the emissaries of Innocent
III., 446

Interdicts, papal, 343, note

Intolerance of the ancient Romans, 43
Investiture, 279; right of, extorted from
Paschal II. by Henry V., 307; conclu-
sion of the quarrels regarding it, 308
Irenæus, bishop of Lyons, account of, 73

James, St., first bishop of Jerusalem, 5
Jerome, St., account of, 141; Erasmus's pa-
rallel between him and St. Augustine,
172

Jerome of Prague, disciple of Huss, tried be-

fore the council of Prague, 596; and exe-
cuted, 597

Jerusalem, the Latin kingdom of, 613

church of, 6

John XXII., succeeds Clement V., after a
lapse of two years, 481; his avarice and
rapacity, 482; he extends the power of
the Apostolical Chancery, ib.; his contest
with Louis of Bavaria, who appoints a new
pope, Nicholas V., 483; John formally
charged with heresy, by the assembly of
Milan, 484; his death, 485

XXIII., (Baltazar Cossa) succeeds
Alexander V., 530; consents to a council
for deciding the schism in the church, 531;
and abdicates, 535; escapes from Con-
stance, 536; is given up by the duke of
Austria, 537; is deposed, 538; acknow-
ledges Martin V., 544; his character, 545
Jortin, his character of St. Austin, 144, note;
of Gregory the Great, 149, ditto
Jovinian, his attempt to reform monastic
asceticism, 175

Jubilee, institution of the, 467

Julian the Apostate, 107; his efforts to re-

store paganism, 108; and to reform it,
109; attempts to rebuild the temple of
Jerusalem, 110; his writings, 117
Julius II., (Julian della Rovera) a candidate
for the papal crown, with Roderic Borgia,
651; attaches himself to Charles VIII.,
653; succeeds Pius III., 657; his mili-
tary character, ib.; his patronage of the
arts, 659; he excommunicates a council
convoked by same cardinals at Pisa, 660;
convokes the fifth Lateran council, ib.;
dies, ib.; his character and policy, 669
Justin Martyr, 72

Justinian, account of, 126; his edict against
the schools at Athens, 132

Knights of the Hospital, 386
Templars, 387

Knights of the Order of the Virgin, 187, note

Lactantius, his character as a writer, 135
Laillier, John, a reformer, his disputations
with the Sorbonne, 713

Lateran councils, 335; the fourth, 347; the
fifth convoked by Julius II., 661; its ca-
nons of reformation, 661; its decree against
the press, 662; the council dissolved, 663
Lay brethren in monasteries, institution of,
382

Learning, state of, after the subversion of
the western empire, 318

Leo the Great, 124; introduces private con-
fession, 126

the Isaurian, (emperor) attempts to
abolish idolatrous worship, 187

IX., attempt at church reform by, 272

X., (see Medici, Giovanni de') succeeds
Julius II., 661; his decree against the
press, 662; he abolishes the Pragmatic
Sanction, ib.; degradation of the sacred
college, 665; Leo's unfitness for stemming
the reformation, 720

Lewis the Meek, deposed by his sons, and
subjected to ignominious ecclesiastical pe-
nance, 244

- IX., (St.) account of, 441 ; obtains the
original crown of thorns, 443; his death,
444; canonized by Boniface VIII., 445
Libanius, his apology for paganism, 114, note
Literature, decline of, 129; the clergy inter-
dicted from secular literature, 130; state
of learning before the tenth century, 261
Christian, in the third century, 40,

Medici, Lorenzo de', excommunicated by
Sixtus IV., 647

Giovanni, son of the preceding, made
cardinal by Innocent VIII., at the age of
thirteen, 650, note; succeeds Julius II.,
by the title of Leo X., 661
Melito, bishop of Sardis, his works, 9
Mendicants, order of, 388; their early merits,

and subsequent degeneracy, 394; dispute
in England between them and the clergy,
ib., note; their contest with the curés about
confession, 508

Metropolitans, decline of their power, 160
Millennium, opinions regarding, 40; general
expectation of, in the tenth century,
260

Minimes, order of, founded by Francisco of
Paula, and confirmed by Sixtus IV., 648
Minorites, or Fratricelli, the, condemned by
John XXII. as heretics, 498; persecuted
by the Inquisition, 499

Miracles, pretended, 19, note; remarks on
the cessation of miracles, ib.; ditto false
miracles, 692

Miraculous claims of the early church, 19
Missionaries, the mendicants distinguished
as, 699

Monachism, its origin, and progress in the
East, 363; monks of Egypt, 365; of
Syria, 368; early forms of monachism,
370; character of it in the East, 371; in-
troduced in the West, 372; its prevalence
and character there, 374; account of the
Rule of St. Benedict, 375; progress of mo-
nachism in the West, 377; order of Cluni,
380; general remarks on monachism, 402;
successive reformations in the system, 404;
advantages produced by it, 406; supersti-
tion encouraged by it, 411; the monastic
orders gradually become dependent on the
pope, 412; their wealth, 413; principles
of monachism, 698

Monothelites, 185

Montanists, their doctrines, 69

Monte Cassino, celebrated monastery of, 377
Montfort, Simon de, commissioned to extir-
pate the heretics, 358

Morality of the primitive church, 28; begins
to decline, 36

Morals, state of, during the fourth and fifth
centuries, 133

Mosheim, his garbled extracts from St.
Eligius, 298

Mysticism, prevalence of in the East, 607;

V., (Thomas of Sarzana) elected
on the death of Eugenius IV., the deposed
pope, and Felix V. resigns, 575; his pa-
tronage of literature and the arts, 634;
founds the Vatican library, ib.; makes a
concordat with the German church, 635;
⚫his efforts to recover Constantinople from
the Turks, 636; his death, 637
Nogaret, William of, seizes Boniface VIII.,
438

Normans, converted to Christianity, 271
Novatians, sect of, 70
Nunneries, institution of, attributed to St.
Anthony, 372

Nuns, establishment of, 397; origin of the
name, 398, note; their vow of chastity,
ib.; Benedictine nuns, 399; canonesses,
400; nuns of the hospital, ib.; of the
Holy Trinity, ib.; of St. Dominic, ib.; of
St. Brigida, 401; Ursulines, ib.

Olive, Pierre d', his work against the Romish
Church, 508

Orders, monastic, St. Benedict, 375; Cluni,
380; Cistercian, ib. ; La Chartreuse, 381;
St. Dominic, 388; St. Francis, 389

military, 385; knights of the hospital,
386; Templars, 387; Teutonic order, ib.
Ordination, rite of, in the early church, 23,

note

Origen, account of, 33; his theological sys-
tem, 34

Osma, Peter of, a Spanish reformer, 714, note
Otho the Great, reassumes the imperial au-
thority in regard to papal elections, 238;
bestows ecclesiastical investiture, 279

Paganism, its decline and fall, 105'; Julian's

attempt to revive it, 109; a decisive blow
given to it by Theodosius's edict, 113; its
extinction, 116; its influence on Chris-
tianity, 212

Papacy, elements of, 154; the papal prin-
ciple, 162

Papal power, increase of, 223; pretensions
of the popes for interfering with the suc-
cession to the imperial throne, 248; inter-
nal usurpation of the Roman see, 249

3 B 2

668; penance, 687; indulgences, ib.; pur-
gatory, 688; discipline and morals, 696;
benefits conferred by the Roman Catholic
church, 697

Rome, persecutions at, under Nero, 12; em-
perors favourable to Christianity, 33, note
Rome, church of, authority early claimed by,
33; causes of the increase of the authority
of the Roman see, 217
Russia, Christianity first introduced into, 270

Sabellius, his heresy, 68

Saccas, Ammonius, founder of the Eclectics
or new Platonics, 39

Sacraments of the primitive church, 27
Saladin tax, the, imposed by Innocent III.
on church property, 346

Sarabaites, a kind of oriental monks, 368
Saracens, their conquests, 146

Savonarola, Jerome, Italian reformer, 714;
his interview with Charles VIII. 715; and
execution, 717

Tertullian, account of, 34
Teutonic order, the, 387

Theodoret, ecclesiastical historian, 104
Theodosius the Great, his edict against pa-
ganism, 113; compelled by St. Ambrose
to perform penance, 138
Theological writers, 470
Therapeutæ or Essenes, 463
Thomists and Scotists, 474
Tithes, 239; the first legally established by
Charlemagne, 231; their payment not uni-
versally enforced till the end of the twelfth
century, 332

Toledo, councils of, 159
Toulouse, councils of, 358

Transubstantiation, Radbert's doctrine of,
257; opposed by Berenger, 295; the doc-
trine of, confirmed by Innocent III., 348
Truce of God, 697

Turks, exertions of Pius II.against, 643; and
of other popes, 666

Schools, Christian, 26

nions of Radbert, 257

Scotus, John Duns, 474

Scriptures, the reading them prohibited,
692

Semi-Arians, 97
Semi-Pelagians, 180

Sigismond, recommended as emperor by
John XXIII., 531; he appoints Constance
as the place for a council to decide the
schism in the papal see, and on the two
antipopes, ib. ; his character, 534; opposes
John's interest, 535

Simon Magus, the heresiarch, 63
Simony, edict against, 278
Sixtus IV. succeeds Paul II., 646; lays
Florence under interdict, and excommuni-
cates Lorenzo de' Medici, 647; his nepo-
tism, ib.; confirms the order of Minimes,
648; his character, ib.; and death, 649
Socrates, the historian, 104
Sorbonne, Robert de, 470
Sozomen, Hermias, 104
Spiritual courts, their jurisdiction, 337, note
in England, 682, note
Sylvester II., his encouragement of learning,
263; originates the scheme of the cru-
sades, 304.
Symeon the Stylite, 123
Synesius, a

totle's metaphysical works, 472; its pro-
jects for healing the schism in the church,

519

Tartary, Christianity introduced into, 145
Tatian founds the sect of the Encratites, 64
Templars, knights, 387; council appointed
by Clement V., to inquire into their con-
duct, 478; Philip the Fair causes all in his
dominions to be seized, ib.; their probable
innocence, 479

356
Wesalia, John of, a reformer, account of, 712
Wesselus, John, a reformer, 712; designated
the forerunner of Luther, ib.

White Penitents, a sect of religious enthusi-
asts, 547

Wicliff, John, account of, 582; his bones
dug up by order of the council of Con-
stance, 584; his opinions, ib.; his doc-
trines carried into Bohemia, 585