ounce of Concentrated Compound, and four ounces of Aromatic Elixir. The Compound is put up only in one-ounce bottles, so be sure you get the right article. Take these three things home, put them in a bottle, mix them, and take one teaspoonful after each meal and at bed time. For children, from one-third to one-fourth of this dose will be enough. In order to make a permanent cure doubly certain it is best to continue taking the remedy for several days after all pain and swelling have disappeared. You will then be as free from pain as if you had never known what rheumatism was." Investigation by Dr. Kebler shows that "since the passage of the Federal Law about forty of these prescription nostrums have been launched. *** The price charged is exorbitant to a degree. *** This is admitted even by the promoters, but the contention is that it is necessary to charge a high price because of the extensive and expensive advertising necessary to bring the remedies to the attention of the public. The men back of these schemes are usually now, or have been, connected with some advertising agency or have acted in the capacity of advertising agent of some newspaper. They have no knowledge of medicines and claim none is needed, because the large pharmaceutical manufacturers are prepared not only to supply the medicine but the medical data as well. The afflictions usually aimed at for treatment by these remedies are those affecting the lungs, stomach, liver, kidneys and heart." EFFICIENT WORK OF THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT AND OF THE DePARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN ENFORCING THE LAW AROUSES OPPOSITION. Sufficient evidence has been presented to indicate that the Executive Departments of the Government are determined to administer the law upon the principle that "Righteousness exalteth a nation." It was to be expected that the promoters of fraudulent transactions would leave no stone unturned to accomplish their purpose. In the language of "Collier's Weekly," June 23rd, 1906, "There was an ominous presumption of foreknowledge in what Attorney Lannen, representing the National Food Manufacturers' Association, in its fight for adulterated foods, said at the Pure Food hearing: "I say that it will be but a short time (sic) before the Post Office Department will be made to conform to better rules in promoting justice." On March 12th, 1906, a Bill was introduced by Mr. Crumpacker in the House of Representatives to provide for a judicial review of orders. excluding persons from the use of United States Mail facilities." The effect of this legislation, in the judgment of the Post Office Department, would be to paralyze the good work by the Government in suppressing "fake get rich schemes." "quack medicinal cure alls," and an inconceiv able variety of confidence games perpetuated through false and misleading advertisements, such as have in the past cost the public millions of dol lars. According to the report of the Postmaster General "over 2,400 fraud orders have been issued by the Post Office Department under authority of the Act of 1890 and the Supplemental Act of 1895. In less than thirty of these cases has the propriety of the order been challenged in court, and in none of them has it been held erroneous or unwarranted. This record is of exceeding significance and shows clearly that the administration of these statutes by the Post Office Department has been marked by the utmost care and conservatism. The period of time extends over the administration of many different Postmasters General of varying political parties, and the same thoroughness and judicial caution have characterized the administration of the statutes by all of these officers. This record is strong assurance that their future enforcement will be marked by full regard for the rights and privileges of all citizens." The following are extracts from the statement of the case by the People's Lobby: "FRAUD ORDERS NOW REVIEWED BY THE Courts. "From this excerpt it is clear that the Courts do now review the action of the Postmaster General in issuing orders. In order to relieve the Department of unjust criticism, however, the Postmaster General is not opposed to an express provision of the law for a review in the manner provided by the bill prepared by Representative Foster, a member of the Judiciary Committee, which measure was passed over in favor of the Crumpacker Bill. "Although the measure is of such vital importance, it was never submitted to the Postmaster General for his opinion, nor was he asked to appear before the Judiciary Committee of the House. The Assistant Attorney General for the Post Office Department appeared of his own volition and argued against the bill. * "INFLUENCE BEHIND THE CRUMPACKER BILL. * * "It is positively asserted by the Post Office Department that the influences behind the Crumpacker bill are E. G. Lewis of St. Louis, Mo., 'Professor' Thomas F. Adkin, of Rochester, N. Y., and the 'Honorable' E. F. Hanson, of Chicago, Illinois. Lewis was the promoter of the People's United States Bank, which was organized to transact all its business through the mails. A fraud order was issued against the People's Bank, July 6th, 1905, because of the alleged false and fraudulent representations which the Postmaster General declared Lewis made in the promotion of his scheme. Of these one of the most important was the promise that no loan of funds should be made to the president or to any of the directors of the bank. Up to the time of the issuance of the fraud order, loans had been made to Lewis and to certain of his business enterprises aggregating $907,538.83 upon insufficient security, or no security at all. "The action of the Postmaster General in issuing a fraud order against the People's Bank was reviewed by the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, and the Postmaster General was fully sustained. "Adkin was the head of the so-called 'New York Institute of Physicians and Surgeons,' of Rochester, N. Y., which, in advertising a treatment for disease denominated 'Vitaopathy,' made such extravagant claims as in the following advertisement: "DEAD MAN TALKED BACK TO LIFE. MIRACULOUS RESCUE FROM GRAVE. MEDICAL SCIENCE COMPLETELY UPSET BY ROCHESTER WONDER-WORKER, WHO RESTORES LIFE AND HEALS THE SICK WITHOUT THE USE OF DRASTIC DRUGS OR THE SURGEON'S KNIFE; HOPELESS INVALIDS RESTORED TO HEALTH. "I feel that it is my duty as a Christian to use this wonderful power that has been given to me for the benefit of all mankind to cast out from their body the evils of disease. I have cured them that quickly that I have been credited with working miracles.' "Adkin and the 'New York Institute of Physicians and Surgeons' were denied the use of the mails, and the action of the Post Office Department was sustained by the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. "Hanson organized the 'Nutriola Company' at Belfast, Maine, and subsequently moved his patent medicine business to Chicago, Illinois. A fraud order was issued against this concern. Furthermore, Hanson was indicted and convicted on the charge of misusing the mails because some of his literature was improper and obscene. *** "OVERSTREET'S POSITION MISREPRESENTED. "The Congressional Record bears out the charge that the Crumpacker bill was railroaded through the House. Three days before the holiday recess the sponsor of this measure secured the passage of a resolution placing it on the calendar as a privileged bill. It is of particular importance to note that Mr. Crumpacker put through his resolution largely on this statement. "I submitted the bill to Mr. Overstreet, the Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads *** and he said the bill ought to be passed. He has had experience enough to believe the bill ought to pass, and all I am asking now is to give the bill a status on the calendar so as it can be taken up on its merits.' "Mr. Overstreet was absent when this statement was made. As a matter of fact, the Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads made the strongest speech in opposition to the bill when it came up for final action January 7, 1907, and objected privately to Mr. Crumpacker, that morning, on the inadequate time to be allowed for the consideration and discussion of so vital a measure. Representative Mann of Illinois also opposed the bill in a vigorous manner. "The Crumpacker bill is now in the Judiciary Committee of the Senate, where it is hoped more consideration will be given to the protection of the public and less weight attached to the interests of borrower Lewis, the 'Honorable' E. F. Hanson, and 'Professor' Adkin. "It is gratifying to note that the bill was held up by the Senate Judiciary Committee for a careful consideration." CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. A review of the evidence in the foregoing pages reveals the fact that existing laws are insufficient to cope with the evil. The enactment of Mr. Mann's Bill H. R. and other amendments to the Poison Law, while steps in the right direction, will not prevent improper traffic in the habitforming drugs, so long as we have to deal with unscrupulous persons even in the ranks of the medical, dental or veterinary profession-and for whom adequate punishment should be provided whenever, in the judgment of the Court, they have abused their professional rights and privileges. As far as the suppression of quackery is concerned, nothing short of a total exclusion from the mails of letters, newspapers, circulars, pamphlets or publication of any kind containing any advertisement of secret remedies for the cure and treatment of disease, will reach the evil. As a matter of fact, no physician should be permitted to prescribe by mail. In view of the importance of the subject, it is recommended that a special commission, composed of representatives of the Post Office Department, Professor H. W. Wiley of the Bureau of Chemistry, and Medical Officers of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, be appointed for the purpose of investigation and the formulation of such legislation as may be deemed necessary in the interest of public health and morals. In the meantime, it is earnestly recommended that the Postmaster General be requested to publish with the Monthly Supplements to the Official Postal Guide a Bulletin setting forth the essential facts in connection with the fraud orders issued during the preceding months. Such bulletins to be posted in Post Offices and to be distributed in sufficient numbers along the Rural Delivery routes. It is also recommended that all information concerning the harmful ingredients in foods, medicines, soft and alcoholic drinks which may come to light during the execution of the Pure Food and Drugs Law, be published by the Department of Agriculture in the same manner as Farmers' Bulletins are now being published. The public is entitled to be warned, and for this purpose it is essential that the indisputable facts should emanate from some official source. The "Journal of the American Medical Association" has done good work in educating the Medical Profession, and many of our leading Magazines have disseminated knowledge of this kind among their readers, but after all the masses must be reached in the manner indicated, as the majority of newspapers will not publish the facts. SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF 1,251 FAMILIES. By G. H. WEBER, Statistician of the Commission. SCOPE. The investigation, which was conducted during the months of February to June, inclusive, covered a total of 1,251 families, occupying 1,054 houses and comprising 5,157 persons. The plan of the Commission was to investigate only those families whose incomes were below $1,000 per annum. In some cases, where family incomes were greater, but where the families lived under the same general conditions and on the same streets and alleys, they were also included. In selecting the streets, courts and alleys, the aim has been to take a number of alleys where the living conditions were worst, a fairly equal number where they were medium and a corresponding number where the conditions were the best. This was done in order to give, as nearly as possible, a true picture of the housing, social and economic conditions of these people as a whole. It has also been the aim of the Commission to have the investigation The following table shows, by streets and sections, the number of |