Gebhard, Elector of Cologne, ii.
310, 311.
Geiserich, king of the Vandals, i.
133; conquers the north of Afri-
ca, 141; takes Rome by storm,
142; death, 143.
Gelimer, king of the Vandals, i. 181.
Genoveva, St., of Brabant, i. 223.
Geographical knowledge in the mid-
dle ages, ii. 74.
George, Truchsess von Waldburg,
ii. 237-243.
George von Frundsberg, ii. 243,
246, 247.
George Mertenhausen, ii. 277.
George von Lüneburg, ii. 353, 355.
George I. of England, iii. 26; his
neglect of Hanover, 27.
George III., king of England, iii.
118, 119.
George IV., king of England, iii.
119.
George, prince of Darmstadt, killed
in the Spanish war of succession,
iii. 2, 3.
Gerhard, archbishop of Mayence,
ii. 86, 88, 90.
Germanicus, his campaigns on the
Rhine, i. 88.
GERMANY. FIRST PERIOD, HEA-
THEN ANTIQUITY. Part I. Ori-
gin and Manners of the Ancient
Germans. The primitive forests
of Germany, i. I; origin of the
Germans, 3; the dark ages, 5;
the division of the Germans into
separate tribes, 7; the Suevian
tribes, 11; the tribes of Lower
Germany, 14; the Germans, 16;
ancient German heroism, 17; an-
cient fellowship in arms, 20;
armed communities, 22; public
offices and popular assemblies,
25; public property, Meres and
Guilds, 27; the allods or free-
hold property, 29; the division
into classes, 31; single combat
and fines (wergeld), 33; courts
of justice and laws, 35; hospital-
ity, 37; customs and arts, 38;
honour of women, 40; Wolen
and Walkyren, 44; ancient Ger-
man poesy, 45; public worship,
47; pagan superstitions, 51; the
ancient idea of nature, 52; the
gods, 55; historical ideas, 58.-
Part II. The Wars with the Ro-
mans. The Romans, 61; the Seno-
nes and the Boii in Italy, 63; the
Senones and the Boii in Greece
and Asia Minor, 64; the Romans
in the Alps, 65; the Getæ and
Bastarnæ, 67; irruption of the
Cimbri and Teutones, 68; the
destruction of the Teutones by
Marius, 71; the destruction of
the Cimbri, 73; Mithridates, the
insurrection of the Cimbrian
slaves, the Suevic confederation,
75; Ariovistus, 76; Cæsar on the
Rhine, 77; Ambiorix, 79; Boi-
rebistas, 80; Drusus, 81; Varus
in Germany, 84; the battle in the
Teutoburg forest, 85; Germani-
cus on the Rhine, 88; Marbod,
91; the death of Armin, 93; Ci-
vilis and Velleda, 95; internal
dissensions among the Germans,
97; Dezebal, 98; Roman pro-
vinces on the Rhine and Danube,
99.-Part III. The Migrations.
Revolt of the whole German na-
tion against Rome, 103; the war
of the Marcomanni, 105; the
Alemanni, 106; Alemannic war-
riors, 108; the Franks, 112;
Frankish upstarts and traitors,
114; the Saxons, 116; the Goths,
118; great irruption against
Rome, 119; the great empire of
Hermanarich, origin of the Huns,
122; migration of the Goths into
the Roman empire, 124; Alaric,
128; the Vandals, Alani, Suevi,
and Visigoths in Spain, 131; the
Alemanni in Switzerland, the
Burgundians in Alsace, 134; the
Salic law, 135; Etzel, 137;
Geiserich, 141; Odoachar, 143.
-Part IV. The transition from
Paganism to Christianity. The
propagation of the gospel, 145;
the spirit of Christianity, 146;
the Catholic doctrine, 148; com-
mencement of the hierarchy, 150;
the monasteries, 153; the Catho-
lic form of worship, 154; the
Christian kings, 157; state as-
semblies, dukes, and counts, 158;
the laws, 160; the feudal system,
163; migrations and new lan-
guages, 165.-Part V. The Con-
tests between the Goths and Franks.
Theodorich the Great, 167; Chlod-
wig, 171; Gundebald, 175; the
extension of France under the
sons of Chlodwig, 176; fall of
the kingdoms of Thuringia and
Burgundy, 178; fall of the king-
dom of the Vandals, 180; the
Ostrogothic war, Vitigis, 182;
Totilas, Tejas, fall of the king-
dom of the Ostrogoths, 184;
origin of the Longobardi, end
of the Heruli and Gepidæ, 187;
Alboin in Italy, 190; Theodo-
linda, 192; the crimes of the
Merovingians, 194; Fredegunda,
195; Brunehilda, 198; Grimo-
ald, 201; fall of the Suevian
and Visigothic kingdom in Spain,
205; Mahomet and the Arabians,
209; the Anglo-Saxons, 211;
-Part VI. Charlemagne.
Austrasian mayors of the palace,
213; Pipin von Landen, 214;
Pipin von Heristal, 216; Charles
Martell, 219; Pipin the Little,
223; St. Bonifacius, 226; Charle-
magne, 229; fall of the kingdom
of Lombardy, 231; the Saxon
wars, 233; the progress of the
Saxon wars, 234; termination of
the Saxon wars, 238; the wars
in Spain, 240; Thassilo, 241;
the wars with the Slavi, 242;
the wars with the Avari, 243;
the wars with the Norsemen, 246;
Charlemagne the first of the Ger-
man Cæsars, 247; the empire
under Charlemagne, 249; the
church under Charlemagne, 252;
the state of learning under Char-
lemagne, 254; Charlemagne, 257.
-Part VII. The History of the
North. Odin, 260; the kings,
262; the Danes, 263; the Swedes,
266; the Norwegians, 267; Chris-
tianity and the feudal system in
the North, 270; Iceland and
Greenland, 272; the Norsemen,
274. SECOND PERIOD, THE
MIDDLE AGES. Part VIII. The
Carlovingians. Louis the Pious
and his sons, 279; the incur-
sions of the Norsemen, 289; rise
of the great vassals and of the
popes, 292; Charles the Thick
and Arnulf, 296; the Babenberg
feud, the Hungarians, 304; Con-
rad I., 308.-Part IX. The Saxon
Emperors. Henry the Fowler,
origin of the middling classes,
312; conquests in the Slavian
north-east, defeat of the Hunga-
rians, 319; Otto I., 322; the re-
incorporation of Italy with the
empire, 330; Otto II. and Otto
III., 341; Henry II. the Holy,
351; immunities, increasing im-
portance of the churches and
cities, and consequent decrease
of the ducal power, 356.-Part
X. The Franconian, Salic Em-
perors. Conrad II., 364; Henry
III., 374; ecclesiastical govern-
ment of the empire, 381; Henry
IV., 388; Gregory VII, 398;
the papal kings, 404; the cru-
sades, 410; Henry V., 426
Lothar III., 437.- Part XI.
The Swabian Dynasty. Conrad
III., 445; the crusade of Con-
rad III., 450; Frederick Bar-
barossa, 457; Henry the Lion,
469; Barbarossa's crusade and
death, 482; Leopold of Austria
and Richard Cœur de Lion,
488; Henry VI., 493; Philip
and Otto IV., 499; Frederick
II., 510; the Inquisition, the
humiliation of Denmark, 521;
German rulers in Livonia and
Prussia, the Tartar fight, 532;
Conrad IV. and Conradin, ii. 1;
the interregnum, 14.-Part XII.
Summit of the Middle Ages. The
hierarchy, 24; Gothic architec-
ture, 35; the emperor and the
empire, 40; the aristocracy and
the knighthood, 50; the chivalric
poetry of Swabia, 56; the cities,
60; the peasantry, 68; the liberal
sciences, 71.-Part XIII. Su-
premacy of the Pope. Rudolf von
Habsburg,75; Adolf of Nassau,84;
Albert I., 89; the encroachments
of France, the battle of Spurs,
94; William Tell and the Swiss,
99; Henry VII. of Luxemburg,
106; Louis the Bavarian, and
Frederick of Austria, 116; the
electoral diet at Rense, 122; the
battle of Crecy, the black death,
the Flagellants, the murder of
the Jews, 126; Charles IV., 131;
contests between the citizens and
the aristocracy, wars of the Han-
sa, 137; Wenzel, great strug-
gle for freedom, 141; Rupert,
the Netherlands, 148.-THIRD
PERIOD, THE AGE OF THE RE-
FORMATION. Part XIV. The
Hussite Wars. Sigmund, 154;
the council of Constance, 157;
disturbances in Bohemia, Zizka,
165; the reign of terror, the
council of Basle, end of the Huss-
ite war, 174; disturbances in the
Hanse towns, Albert II., frus-
tration of the Reformation, 181.
-Part XV. The Age of Maximi-
lian. The Swiss wars, the Armag-
nacs, George von Podiebrad, 186;
Fritz the Bad, the German Hos-
pitallers, the Burgundian wars,
Mary of Burgundy, 193; Mat-
thias of Hungary, affairs in Italy,
Maximilian I., 203; separation
of Switzerland from the empire,
wars of the Friscians and Dit-
marses, civil dissensions, the
Bundschuh, wars of Venice and
Milan, 210.-Part XVI. The
Reformation. The church, the
Humanists, the art of printing,
Luther, 218; Charles V., the
diet at Worms, Thomas Mün-
zer, Zwingli, Pope Adrian, in-
ternal feuds, 229; the peasant
war, defeat of the peasants, 256;
increasing power of the house of
Habsburg, victories in Italy, the
intermixture of diplomacy with
the Reformation, the Augsburg
Confession, 244; disturbances
in the cities, the Anabaptists in
Munster, great revolution in the
Hansa, dissolution of the Ger-
man Hospitallers, Russian de-
predations, 255; the council of
Trident, the Schmalkald war,
the Interim, Maurice of Saxony,
260.-Part XVII. The War of
Liberation in the Netherlands.
Ascendency of the Spaniards
and Jesuits, courtly vices, 271;
contests between the Lutheran
church and the princes, 281;
revolt in the Netherlands, the
Geuses, 286; William of Orange,
292; the republic of Holland,
303; Rudolph II., 308.-Part
XVIII. The Thirty Years' War.
Great religious disturbances in
Austria, defeat of the Bohe-
mians, 315; revolt of the Up-
per Austrians, Count Mansfeld,
328; Wallenstein, the Dan-
ish campaigns, 336; Gustavus
Adolphus, 345; Wallenstein's
second command, the battle of
Lützen, the Heilbronn confe-
deracy, death of Wallenstein,
354; the battle of Nordlingen,
the treaty of Prague, defeat of the
French, 366; death of Ferdi-
nand II., pestilence and famine,
Bernard von Weimar, Banner,
375;
Torstenson, John von
Werth, the peace of Westphalia,
384.-Part XIX. The Internal
State of Germany during the
Reformation. The Jesuits, 398;
the Lutheran and Reformed
churches, 406; the empire, the
princes and the nobility, 410;
the cities and the peasantry, 421;
the erudition of the universities,
428; the dark sciences, supersti-
tion, 434; witchcraft, 440; po-
etry and art, 446; histories and
travels, 454.-FOURTH PERIOD,
MODERN TIMES. Part XX. The
Age of Louis XIV. Louis XIV.,
461; the Swiss peasant war, 468;
Holland in distress, 473; the
great Elector, 481; ill-treatment
of the imperial cities, the loss of
Strassburg, 487; Vienna besieged
by the Turks, 492; French de-
predations, 497; German princes
on foreign thrones, 504; the
Northern war, Charles XII., 508;
the Spanish war of succession,
518; Charles VI., iii. 1; the
courts of Germany, 17; the eccle-
siastical courts, the Salzburg emi-
gration, 30. Part XXI. The
Rise of Prussia. Frederick Wil-
liam I., 41; Maria Theresa, 48;
the seven years' war, 59; Fre-
derick Sanspareil, 72; Joseph
II., 84; Frederick William II.,
96; German influence in Scan-
dinavia and Russia, 103; the
minor German courts, 110; the
last days of the empire, 124; the
liberal tendency of the universi-
ties, 133; art and fashion, 141;
influence of the belles-lettres,
146. · Part XXII. The great
Wars with France. The French
Revolution, 155; German Jaco-
bins, 163; loss of the left bank
of the Rhine, 174; the defection
of Prussia, the Archduke Charles,
183; Bonaparte, 193; the pillage
of Switzerland, 206; the second
coalition, 216; fall of the holy
Roman Germanic empire, 228;
Prussia's declaration of war and
defeat, 238; the Rhenish confe-
deration, 253; resuscitation of
patriotism throughout Germany,
Austria's demonstration, 263; re-
volt of the Tyrolese, Hofer, 275;
Napoleon's supremacy, 294; the
Russian campaign,306; the spring
of 1813, 319; the battle of Leip-
zig, 331; Napoleon's fall, 344;
the Congress of Vienna, Napo-
leon's return and end, 352.-
Part XXIII. The Latest Times
The German confederation, 368;
the new constitution, 375; the
European Congress, the German
Customs' Union, 383; the Bel-
gian Revolution, 390; the Swiss
Revolution, 395; the Revolution
in Brunswick, Saxony, Hesse,
etc., 401; the struggles of the
provincial diets, 408; Austria
and Prince Metternich, 416;
Prussia and Rome, 422; the pro-
gress of science, art, and practi-
cal knowledge in Germany, 430;
German emigrants, 445.
Gerold, Count of Swabia, i. 239,
244, 245.
Gessler, governor of Uri, ii. 101-
105.
Geuses, the, ii. 290-296.
Geyer, Florian, leader in the pea-
sant war, ii. 239-241.
Ghibelines, origin of the term, i. 445.
Gibraltar, capture of, iii. 2.
Gisilbrecht, duke of Lothringia, i.
315, 325.
Godemar, king of Vienne, i. 176,
180.
Godfrey of Bouillon, i. 406; heads
the crusade, 414; proclaimed
king of Jerusalem, 420; his
death, 421.
Godoy, Prince of Peace, iii. 255.
Gods of the ancient Germans, i. 55.
Goethe, character of his writings,
iii. 153; his interview with Na-
poleon, 256.
Goetz von Berlichingen, ii. 239;
becomes a leader in the peasant
war, 240.
Görres, iii. 388, 428, 429.
Goths, the, their migrations, i. 118;
irruptions against Greece and
Rome, 120-144.
Gothic architecture, its rise and de-
velopment, ii. 35; symbolism,
36; sculptures and paintings, 38.
Gottsched, literary influence of, iii.
145, 149, 150.
Grævenitz, Mademoiselle von, iii.
23.
Granvella, Cardinal, ii. 289.
Greenland, its discovery, i. 273.
Gregory V., pope, i. 349.
Gregory IX., pope, his struggles
with Frederick II., i. 517-547.
Grimoald, duke of Benevento, i.
202-204.
Grimoald, nephew of Charlemagne,
i. 232.
Grippo, son of Charles Martell, i.
223, 224.
Grotius, Hugo, ii. 306, 307.
Guelphs, origin of the term, i. 445.
Guido the Incapable of Flanders,
ii. 95.
Guilds of the ancient Germans, i.
27; of the middle ages, ii. 62—
64.
Guillaume de Dampierre, i. 552.
Gundebald, king of Burgundy, i.
168, 172, 173, 175, 176.
Gunthachar, slain in opposing the
progress of Attila, i. 138.
Guntram of Orleans, i. 195-198.
Gustavus Adolphus, ii. 344; takes
up arms in behalf of Protestant-
ism, 346; state of parties in Ger-
many, 347; lands in Pomerania,
ib.; defeat of Tilly at Leipzig,
351; his conquests on the Rhine,
353; and Bavaria, 354; victory
and death at Lützen, 358.
Gustavus III., king of Sweden, iii.
106.
Gustavus Adolphus IV., king of
Sweden, iii. 203; deposed, 304.
Guttenberg, John, of Mayence, ii.
223.
HAKON the Good, i. 268.
Hamburg, pillage of, by Davoust,
iii. 328.
Hannibal, his invasion of Italy,
i. 66.
Hanseatic League, ii. 19, 63; ex-
VOL. III. 2 н
tent of its influence, 65; its com-
merce, 66; navy, 81; projected
revolution, 257; its failure, 258.
Harald Haardrade, king of Nor-
way, i. 389; his adventures, ib.;
invades England with Toste, son
of Godwin, 390; defeated and
slain by Harold, ib.
Harald Schönhaar, i. 267.
Hardenberg, chancellor of Prussia,
iii. 266, 308, 319; attends the
Congress of Vienna, 354; Con-
gress of Verona, 384.
Harold, son of Godwin, i. 390;
raised to the English throne, ib.;
defeats Harald Haardrade and
Toste, ib.; slain at the battle of
Hastings, 391.
Haroun-al-Raschid, his presents to
Charlemagne, i. 239.
Hasting, leader of the Normans, i.
289-291.
Hatto, archbishop of Mayence, i.
304; his perfidy, 305; legend of
his death, 305, 306.
Hatzfeld, General, ii. 371, 374, 375,
388.
Helena, wife of Manfred, ii. 3; her
imprisonment and death, 4.
Henry the Fowler, elected emperor
of Germany, i. 312; his military
regulations, 316; reduction of
the Slavi, and defeat of the Hun-
garians, 319-322.
Henry, brother of Otto I., i. 324-
335.
Henry the Wrangler, i. 342, 347.
Henry II. the Holy, i. 351; his
wars with the Poles and Bohe-
mians, 353; with the Italians,
354.
Henry III., his character, i. 374;
subdues the disturbances in Bo-
hemia, Burgundy, and Hungary,
375; quells the schism in the
popedom, 376; dangerous con-
dition of the empire at his death,
Henry IV., emperor, his minority, i.
379-387; campaign in Hungary,
387; assumes the government,
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