the order laid down.

Alas! I have alienated my friend, perhaps for ever. Alas is an interjection, a part of speech used to express

the sudden emotion of the mind.

QUESTIONS

ON THE LECTURE ON THE INTERJECTION.

Favour us with the order of parsing an interjection. How many classes of interjections are there? Name them. Are there interjective phrases? Name one. Parse an interjection agreeably to the order.

ever.

LECTURE ON THE ARTICLE.

Permit

GRAMMARIANS-You have been taught in the introductory lecture what an article is, and how to distinguish it. Permit me to give you the order of parsing an article; which is, an article, and why. Definite or indefinite, and why. If definite, say what it defines, and tell how it may agree with the noun. If indefinite, say to what it refers, and tell how it may agree with the noun. me to observe, that in the English language, there are but two articles, a or an, and the. A or an is called the indefinite article, because it is used to point out one single thing of the kind, in an indefinite manner; as, a book, an apple. The is called the definite article, because it generally points out the particular thing meant; as, the lady, the gentleman. A becomes an before a word beginning with a vowel, or a silent h; as an acorn, an hour. Here, you see, that acorn begins with a vowel; and h in hour is silent; therefore, an is used instead of a. There are exceptions to these rules, howAn must not be used before the vowel u, when it is sounded long, but a; as, a union, a university, etc. But it is incorrect to say a umbrella, because the u is short in umbrella. A must be used also after the word many and such; as, many a one, such a one. An must be used when the following words begin with an h that is not silent, if the accent is on the second syllable; as, an heroic action, an historical account. But when the h is sounded, and the accent is not on the second syllable, a only is to be used; as, a hand, a heathen. I would here beg leave to observe that a repetition of the article is sometimes necessary, or else the adjectives would be confined to the same noun, when the qualities belong to things individually different; as, "The old and new Testament." Here we join inconsistent qualities. We should supply the article and say the old and the new Testament. I shall conclude this brief lecture, by parsing the articles definite, and indefinite, agreeably to the order laid down, and applying the definitions. A lady. A is an article, a word prefixed to nouns to limit their sense. Indefinite, it refers to lady, and agrees with lady in the singular number. Rule. The indefinite article a or an agrees with nouns in the singular number only. The men. The is an article, a word prefixed to nouns to limit

their sense. Definite, it defines men, and agrees with men in the plural number, agreeably to rule, which says, the definite article the may agree with nouns in the singular or plural number.

QUESTIONS

ON THE LECTURE ON THE ARTICLE.

Favour us with the order of parsing an article. How many ar

ticles are there? Name them. Define the indefinite article. Define the definite article. When does a become an? What are the exceptions to this rule? Could you say such an one? What would you say? How does the definite article agree with nouns! How does the indefinite article, a or an, agree with nouns? Parse the indefinite article agreeably to the order. Parse the definite agreeably to the order.

LECTURE ON THE PARTICIPLE.

GRAMMARIANS-You have been taught in the introductory lecture what participles are, and how to distinguish them. Permit me to give you the order of parsing a participle. Which is, A participle, present or active, perfect or passive, and from what it is derived. There are three kinds of participles, the present or active, which denotes the continuation of an action and always ends in ing; as, loving. The perfect or passive, which represents the action as completely finished, and generally ends in d, e, n, or t; as, loved, done, risen, sent. The compound perfect participle is always formed by prefixing the present participle, having or being to the perfect participle; thus, having or being loved. I would here remark, that all participles which are derived from active verbs will govern the objective case, the same as the verbs from which they are derived. You perceive from the order laid down for parsing participles, that we never give gender, person, number, case, or mood, to them. They have neither; and although many authors on grammar do parse them as having a connection with other parts of speech, and agreeing with them, or being governed by them, yet we consider this as an unnecessary distinction, and one which tends to confuse rather than enlighten the scholar's mind. I would here observe, that although we are able at sight to distinguish present and compound perfect participles, yet we have no rule to guide us in distinguishing perfect participles. Nothing but the good sense of the pupils, and their advanced state in grammar will enable them to distinguish a perfect participle. I will give you an example of a perfect participle. "Charged with rich gifts, he went to the King." Charged is a perfect participle, derived from the verb to charge; and were you to parse it as a verb, you would find nothing expressed or implied with which it should agree; therefore it must be a perfect participle. I will conclude this lecture by parsing a participle for you, agreeably to the order laid down.

Receiving the information, he left town. Receiving is a present participle, from the verb to receive. Present or active, receiving, perfect or passive, received, compound perfect, having or being received. A participle is a part of speech derived from the verb.

QUESTIONS

ON THE LECTURE ON THE PARTICIPLE.

Favour us with the order of parsing a participle. How many kinds of participles are there? Name them. Do we ever apply gender, person, number, case, or mood to a participle? How is a present participle formed? How does a perfect participle represent the action? How is the compound perfect participle formed? Will participles that are derived from active verbs govern the objective case? Parse a participle agreeably to the order laid down, and apply the definitions.

LECTURE ON THE ADJECTIVE PRONOUN.

GRAMMARIANS-You have been taught that there are three kinds of pronouns; namely, the personal, relative and adjective pronouns. You have heard the lectures on the different parts of speech, and I shall conclude by giving you the lecture on the adjective pronouns. Adjective pronouns are of a mixed nature, partaking of the properties of the pronoun and adjective. Permit me to inform you that there are three kinds of adjective pronouns, namely, the demonstrative, distributive, and indefinite. Demonstrative adjective pronouns demonstrate, partake of the nature of the adjective and pronoun, and agree with their nouns. They are known by the list. This, that, these, and those. Distributive adjective pronouns distribute, partake of the nature of the adjective and pronoun, and agree with their nouns. They are known by the list. I will give you the list. Each, every, and either. Indefinite adjective pronouns do not define, but partake of the nature of the adjective and pronoun, and agree with their nouns. They are known by the list. I will give you the list. Some, other, any, one, all, such, and own. You must recollect that we never give case to adjective pronouns, unless they are used as nouns. I will give you an example where adjective pronouns are used as nouns, and have cases. "All like the purchase, and this makes friends," etc. All and this are adjective pronouns, used in the room of nouns. They, therefore, are parsed as nouns, and have cases. I shall conclude this lecture, by parsing an adjective pronoun. That man. That, is a demonstrative adjective pronoun, it demonstrates, partakes of the nature of the adjective and pronoun, and agrees with the noun man. Adjective pronouns agree with their nouns in number.

Rule.

QUESTIONS

ON THE LECTURE ON THE ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS.

What are adjective pronouns? How many are there? Name them. Favour us with the list of demonstrative adjective pronouns. Favour us with the list of distributive adjective pronouns. Favour us with the list of indefinite adjective pronouns. When do we give cases to adjective pronouns? Parse an adjective pronoun agreeably to the order.

SPECIMENS OF SYNTACTICAL PARSING, AGREEABLY TO THE ORDER.

The student will review the following specimens of syntactical parsing, in which the different parts of speech are parsed agreeably to their respective orders. Students should parse in the following manner, until they can parse any sentence fluently. In this way, they will become conversant with every rule and definition.

EXAMPLES.

The industrious Student improves his time.

The is an article, a word prefixed to nouns to limit their signification. Definite, it defines student, and may agree with it either in the singular or plural number, agreeably to Rule, which says the definite article the agrees with nouns in the singular or plural number-but the indefinite article a or an agrees with nouns in the singular number only. Industrious is an adjective, a word added to a noun to express its quality, in the positive degree of comparison; positive industrious, comparative more industrious, superlative most industrious; expressing the quality of student and belongs to it agreeably to Rule, which says, every adjective or adjective pronoun belongs to a noun expressed or understood. Student is a noun, the name of a thing; common, it stands for kinds containing many sorts; of the masculine gender, it denotes objects of the male kind; of the third person, spoken of; in the singular number, denotes but one object, and in the nominative case to the verb improves; the nominative case denotes the agent or actor. Improves is a verb, a word that signifies action or being; regular, it will form its imperfect tense in the indicative mood, and perfect participle, with the addition of d or ed to the verb; active, it expresses action; transitive, the action passes from the agent student to the object time. Indicative mood, simply indicates or declares a thing; present tense, denotes present time; of the third person singular, because the agent student is, with which it agrees. Rule. A verb must agree with its nominative case in number and person. His is a pronoun, a word used instead of a noun; personal, it personifies student; of the masculine gender, denotes objects of the male kind.

Of the third person spoken of. In the singular number, denotes but one object; and in the possessive case, and governed by the noun time. Rule. Nouns or pronouns signifying possession, are governed by the nouns which they possess. Time is a noun, the name of a thing, common, it stands for kinds containing many sorts, of the neuter gender, it does not express sex; of the third person spoken of; in the singular number, it denotes but one object, and in the objective case; the object of the action of the active transitive verb improves, and governed by it. Rule. Active transitive verbs govern the objective case.

Gentlemen, permit me to address you.

Gentlemen is a noun, the name of a thing. Common, it stands for kinds, containing many sorts. Of the masculine gender, denotes objects of the male kind. Of the second person, spoken to. In the plural number; it denotes more objects than one, and in the nominative case independent. Rule. When we address a person or thing, that person or thing is put in the nominative case independent. Permit, is a verb, a word that expresses action or being. Regular, it will form its imperfect tense in the indicative mood and perfect participle, with the addition of d or ed. Active, it expresses action. Transitive, the action passes from the agent ye or you, understood, to the object me. Imperative mood, commands, exhorts, entreats, or permits a second person to do a thing. Present tense, denotes present time. Second person, plural, because the agent, ye or you, is, with which it agrees. Rule. A verb must agree with its nominative case in number and person. Ye or you, understood, is a pronoun, a word used for a noun. Personal, it personifies gentlemen. Of the second person, spoken to. Plural number, it denotes more objects than one, and in the nominative case to the verb permit. Rule. The nominative case denotes the agent or actor. Me is a pronoun, a word used for a noun. Personal, it personifies the person speaking. Of the first person, it denotes the person speaking. Singular number, it denotes but one object, and in the objective case; the object of the action, of the active transitive verb permit, and governed by it. Rule. Active transitive verbs, govern the objective case. To address, is a verb, a word that expresses action or being. Regular, it will form its imperfect tense in the indicative mood, and perfect participle, with the addition of d or ed. Active, it expresses action. Transitive, the action passes to the object you. Infinitive mood, represents a thing in a general and unlimited manner, without regard to person or number. Present tense, denotes present time; and is governed by the verb permit. Rule. A verb in the infinitive mood, may be governed by a noun or adjective, verb or participle.-You, is a pronoun, a word used for a noun. Personal, it personifies gentlemen. Of the second person, spoken to. In the plural number, denotes more objects than one, and in the objective case, the object of the action of the active transitive verb to address, and governed by it. Rule. Active transitive verbs govern the objective case.