The Decline of the Roman Republic - George Long - Google Books

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the seizure of the gold washings in the Val d'Aosta-The irregular tri-

umph of Appius Claudius-Defeat of a pretender in Macedonia-Pto-

lemaeus VII., King of Egypt-Roman commissioners sent to Egypt and

other parts of the East-Roman Sumptuary laws-The censorship of

P. Scipio Africanus and L. Mummius

Livy, Epit. 53, 54, 55, 56; Appian, Hispanica, c. 76, &c.; Velleius,

ii. 5; Diodorus, 596; Orosius, v. 4, 5; Frontinus, Strateg. iii. 17, 9;

Plutarch, Ti. Gracchus; Cicero, De Oratore, i. 40; Topica, c. 8;

Pro Caecina, c. 34; Dig. 50. 7. 17.

The campaign of Q. Caecilius Metellus against the Celtiberi-His

disgraceful conduct towards his successor Q. Pompeius-The unsuc-

cessful campaign of Q. Pompeius in Spain-The horror of the Iberians

of Roman slavery-Failure of the attack on Numantia by Q. Pompeius

He makes a treaty with the Numantini, and escapes punishment at

Rome-Imprisonment of the Roman consuls by the Tribuni Plebis—

Campaign of M. Popillius in Spain-The character of Frontinus' book

of Stratagems-The campaign of D. Junius Brutus in the country of the

Lusitani and Callaici-The consul C. Hostilius Mancinus takes the com-

mand before Numantia: his defeat and disgraceful retreat-Mancinus

saves himself and his army by making a treaty with the Numantini-

M. Aemilius Lepidus Porcina is sent to Spain to supersede Mancinus-

He attacks Pallantia and makes a shameful retreat-The character of

Lepidus The Roman Senate refuse to ratify the treaty of Mancinus,

who is taken back to Numantia and surrendered to the enemy-Man-

cinus is restored to his citizenship and sets up his own statue .

Livy, Epit. 56, 57, 59; Appian, Hispanica, c. 84, &c.; Gellius, ii. 13;

xiii. 3; Orosius, v. 7.

The Roman practice as to the re-election of a consul-P. Scipio is
made consul a second time, and sent to the war against Numantia-He

a

begins by restoring the discipline of the Spanish army-The historian

P. Sempronius Asellio-Scipio's maxims and practice of war-He cuts off

all supplies from the Numantini-The historian P. Rutilius Rufus-The

position of Numantia-Jugurtha and C. Marius in the camp of Scipio-

The blockade of Numantia-Scipio's cruelty to the people of Lutia-The

sufferings of the Numantini, and the destruction of their city-The settle-

ment of the affairs of Spain, and the prosperity of the country under the

Romans-The triumphs of Scipio and D. Brutus

PAGE

DOMESTIC EVENTS.

Livy, Epit. 54, 55, 56; Valerius Maximus, 5, 8, 3; Dion Cassius, 44, c. 11;

Cicero, De Legibus, iii. 16, 17; Pro P. Sestio, c. 48; Wunder, Variae

Lectiones, &c.; Cicero, Brutus, c. 22; Dionysius, Frag. xx. 5, 6.

The case of L. Hostilius Tubulus, who was charged with taking bribes

when he was praetor-The judgment of T. Manlius Torquatus on his own

son-The worship of Jupiter Sabazius at Rome-Scipio and Asellus-

Roman method of voting-The Lex Tabellaria of Gabinius, and that of

Cassius-The case of the Publicani before the consuls P. Scipio Nasica and

D. Brutus-The war in Illyricum.

THE SLAVE WAR IN SICILY.

Livy, Epit. 56; Florus, iii. 19, and Duker's notes; Orosius, v. 9; Dio-

dorus, lib. 34; Excerpt. Phot.; Valerius Maximus, 2, 7, 3; 9, 12, 1;

Diodorus, Excerpta Vat. p. 112, ed. Dindorf.

Sicily, and the slaves in the island-The causes of the slave war-The

difference between imported and home-bred slaves-Eunous, the leader of

the insurrection-Damophilus and his wife Megallis-The slaves massacre

their masters, and Eunous assumes the title of King Antiochus-The

defeat of the Romans by the slaves-L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi takes

Messana from the rebels-Slave risings in different parts of the Roman

dominions-The consul P. Rupilius takes Tauromenium and Henna, and

puts an end to the insurrection-The settlement of Sicily by Rupilius-

Florus and his blunder about M. Perperna

TIBERIUS SEMPRONIUS GRACCHUS.

Livy, Epit. 58; Appian, Civil Wars, i. c. 7, &c.; Plutarch, Ti. Grac-

chus; Velleius, ii. 2.

The opinion of Velleius on the motives of Ti. Gracchus―The education

of Gracchus-The object of his reform-The Patres or Populus Romanus

-The Clientes; and Patronus and Client-The Roman Plebs-The Patri-

cians and the Plebeians-Connubium and Commercium-The Constitution

of King Servius Tullius-The Equites-The establishment of the Tribuni

Plebis, and the nature of the tribunate-The old Roman cultivation-The

Romans deprived conquered Italians of part of their lands-Coloniae

THE PUBLIC LAND.

Livy, ii.-vi.; Dionysius, Antiq. Rom.; Varro, de R. R. i. 2; Appian,

Wars, i. c. 7, &c.; Die Schriften der Römischen Feldmesser

herausgegeben und erläutert von F. Blume, K. Lachmann, und A.

Rudorf; Huschke, Ueber die Stelle des Varro von den Liciniern ;

Plutarch, Ti. Gracchus; Niebuhr, Roman History; Polybius, ii. 21.

The Public Land, and the authorities for what we know of it-The

mode of occupying the Public Land-Plans of estates called ‘typi' and

'formae -The nature of a Possessio-The Possessors of the Public Land

-The first Agraria Lex-The Agraria Lex of C. Licinius Stolo; and the

Sempronia of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus-The Roman Nobiles-The Agraria

Lex of C. Flaminius, and Polybius' opinion of it

TIBERIUS SEMPRONIUS GRACCHUS.

Livy, Epit. 58; Appian, Civil Wars, i. c. 7, &c.; Plutarch, Ti. Gracchus.
Appian's statement about the Public Land-The slaves in Italy—Plu-
tarch's statement about the Public Land-Gracchus' remarks on the
wretched condition of the free population of Italy-The encroachments of
the rich on the lands of the poor-The diminution of the free population
of Italy-
More's description of the suffering in England by the increase of

pasture for sheep-The speeches of Gracchus-The advisers of Gracchus
in his legislation-The first proposed Agrarian law of Gracchus; and the

amended

law-Disturbance of interests caused by the proposed law-The

difficulties in executing such a law; and the difficulty of our understanding

what it actually was-The opposition of the tribune M. Octavius to the

Agrarian law of Gracchus―Octavius is illegally deprived of his tribunician

office-The nature of this violent act

PAGE

TIBERIUS SEMPRONIUS GRACCHUS.

Livy, Epit. 58; Appian, Civil Wars, i. c. 13, &c.; Plutarch, Ti. Grac-

chus; Velleius, ii. 3.

Three commissioners appointed to execute the Agrarian law-The King-

dom of Pergamum bequeathed by Attalus III. to the Roman people-The

attacks on Ti. Gracchus, and his defence-Ti. Gracchus is again a candi-

date for the tribunate-The murder of Ti. Gracchus and the punishment

of his partizans-P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica leaves Rome and dies abroad

-The missions of priests from Rome to Ceres in Sicily

THE KINGDOM OF PERGAMUM AND THE PROVINCE ASIA.

Livy, Epit. 59; Justinus, lib. 36; Orosius, v. 8, 10; Clinton, Kings of

The will of King Attalus III.-Aristonicus seizes the Kingdom of Per-

gamum-The consul P. Licinius Crassus Mucianus, who is sent against

Aristonicus, is defeated and killed-The statue of Apollo at Cumae sheds

tears-The consul M. Perperna takes Aristonicus prisoner-M' Aquillius

completes the conquest of the Kingdom of Pergamum-The origin of the

Kingdom of Pergamum; and its reduction to the form of the Roman

province of Asia

THE CENSORSHIP OF METELLUS.

Livy, Epit. 59; Gellius, i. 6 and xiv. 8; Meyer, Oratorum Romanorum
Fragm. ed. 2, p. 160.

The Roman census and the homily of Metellus on the duty of marriage
-The powers and duties of the Censors-The tribune C. Atinius Labeo-
The proposal of C. Papirius Carbo to make tribunes re-eligible-The Lex
Tabellaria of Carbo-Public prosecutions.

214

P. SCIPIO AEMILIANUS.

Livy, Epit. 59; Appian, Civil Wars, i. c. 18, &c.; Plutarch, Caius
Gracchus; Velleius, ii. 4.

Difficulty in executing the Agraria Lex of Ti. Gracchus-Transfer of

suits arising out of the resumption of the Public Land from the three

commissioners to the consul Tuditanus-The sudden death of P. Cornelius

Scipio Aemilianus Africanus-Suspicions that he was assassinated-The

funeral orations on Scipio, and his character-Fragment of Scipio's speech

on singing and dancing schools-The Iapydes, and the triumph of Tudi-

PAGE

CAIUS GRACCHUS.

Livy, Epit. 60; Orosius, v. 11; Frontinus, De Aquae Ductibus; Plutarch,
C. Gracchus; Valerius Maximus, 3, 4, 5.

Massilia intercedes with the Romans for Phocaea-Caius Gracchus

quaestor in Sardinia-The alien law of M. Junius Pennus-Valerius

Maximus and the story of M. Perperna-The dream of Caius Gracchus

-Wondrous events and Roman superstition-Opposition to the execution

of the Agraria Lex by the Italian Socii-The consul M. Fulvius Flaccus

defeats the Salyes—The revolt and destruction of Fregellae-Fresh supply

of water to Rome-Caius Gracchus leaves Sardinia without leave and

returns to Rome, for which he gets into some difficulty-The capture and

settlement of the Balearic islands by Q. Caecilius Metellus-Q. Caecilius

Metellus Macedonicus and his sons

CAIUS GRACCHUS TRIBUNE.

Livy, Epit. 60; Appian, Civil Wars, i. c. 21, &c.; Plutarch, Caius
Gracchus; Gellius, x. 3; xi. 10.

Caius Gracchus elected tribune-The letters of Cornelia to her son
Caius Gracchus-The eloquence of Caius Gracchus-The designs of Caius

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