[Paris, 1898, p. 212], after some consideration of the sources of Voltaire's "romans," makes the unqualified statement regarding the phoenix that; "Il [Voltaire] n'a guère imité, du reste, les Mille et une Nuits, et les Mille et un jours, qu'à travers les conteurs de son siècle : ce phénix qui sert de Mentor à la Princesse, il l'a pris dans le petit volume du Chevalier de Mailly que j'ai déjà cité . . .”

This "petit volume" entitled Voyages et Aventures des Trois Princes de Sarendip, while doubtless responsible for incidents in Zadig, cannot, with the greatest effort of the imagination, be considered the source of Voltaire's phoenix. There is, indeed, in this collection of pseudo-oriental adventures, a tale dealing with metempsychosis, in which a sparrow and a parrot take part, but this may be rejected at once, as bearing not the slightest resemblance to the story of the phoenix. Further than this there is, in the volume, nothing to suggest, even faintly, the mystic bird of Arabia.

John Dunlop, in his History of Fiction [London, 1845, p. 374], found an entirely new and equally absurd source. "Another of Voltaire's novels, La Princesse de Babylone, has been suggested by a French tale entitled Le Parisien et la Princesse de Babylone inserted in La Nouvelle Fabrique des excellens Traits de Verités par Philippe d'Alcripe [an anagram for Le Picard]. . . . In his tale, the beautiful princess of Babylone has a disgusting and unwelcome suitor in the person of the Sophi of Persia. The son of a French jeweler hearing of her beauty, sends her an amatory epistle by means of a swallow, and receives a favorable answer by a similar conveyance; and this bird, which corresponds to Voltaire's phoenix, becomes the friend and confidant of the lovers." The resemblance of this tale to Voltaire's is of the slightest description and should give no encouragement to a critic to suggest a possible connection. The tale of d'Alcripe is a bit of oriental love-making. Voltaire's "conte," for all its wealth of descriptive detail, is primarily a vehicle for presenting certain philosophical ideas. Rather than postulate such sources for the phoenix, it is simpler and wiser

to grant Voltaire's originality in this case, at least until some probable source is discovered. The phoenix and its peculiar habits were well known to antiquity and the Middle Ages. Voltaire needed no enlightenment on a subject discussed by Herodotus, Pliny, and Tacitus.

Voltaire was not concerned with the antics of the phoenix; its fabulous powers of death and resurrection were what interested him, engaged as he was on a metaphysical problem. The mystic qualities of the phoenix typified the divine forces of the human soul, and these Voltaire was intent upon showing. It is reasonable to suppose that the phoenix was no borrowing from French fiction, but a stock figure brought forth from the store of the memory to serve as a concrete example of an abstract idea.

Cornell University.

SHIRLEY GALE PATTERSON.

NOTE ON TURKISH PLAYS.

To the Editors of Mod. Lang. Notes.

SIRS-In Schejtan Dolaby, one of the Karagöz comedies, there is a parallel to Jaques' familiar speech in As You Like It, 11, 7, 139, All the world's a stage,

And all the men and women merely players:

Hadgievad, an actor in the Turkish play, makes his entrance singing a song, from which the following extract is taken. (Jacob, KaragözKomödien, 2. Heft, Berlin, 1899.)

Mit Aufmerksamkeit betrachte dieses Himmelsgewölbe, Diese Welt ist dem Schatten ähnlich für Kenner. Äusserlich gesehen ist es (das Schattenspiel) ein Vorhang Aber es ist eine Allegorie auf die Welt.

Wähne nicht, dieser Vorhang bestehe lediglich aus Schattenbildern.

Wenn man ihn in Wahrheit betrachtet, ist er der Platz lehrreichen Exempels.

Die zeitlichen Vorgänge zeigt der Vorhang,
Was alles gekommen und vorüberzogen ist am Ahn.
Ausserhalb dieser Welt ist für Niemanden Bestand,
Ohne Dauer hat geschaffen die Majestät, welche man um
Beistand anfleht (d. i. Gott).

Alle, die kommen, gehen wieder, bis die Vernichtung

eintritt.

Im hajal (Schatten?) sind hajal die geschauten Gegenstände.

The Turkish Karagöz comedies are shadow plays, or, more correctly, silhouette plays. The apparatus consists of a canvas screen, back of which is placed a lighted olive oil lamp. The figures are made of leather, and are attached to a slender rod. The shadowplayer sits back of the lamp and manipulates the figures by pressing them against the screen with his rod. The screen, translated here by the word Vorhang, corresponds, therefore, to the stage; and the Schatten, really silhouettes, to the action of the players. The words which are translated in lines 5 and 6 as Vorhang, and Platz lehrreichen Exempels are, in Turkish, similar in sound, thus bringing out the more forcibly the idea of the stage presenting a picture of human life.

Olivet College.

GRACE FLEMING SWEARINGEN.

AN ANALOGY BETWEEN THE Golden Legend AND AN OLD IRISH POEM.

To the Editors of Mod. Lang. Notes.

SIRS-That the modern scholar, in seeking the sources of literary works, is apt to overemphasize mere coincidences is a well-known fact. Because a poet may happen to have a thought that has already been expressed before, it does not follow that he has borrowed it from his predecessor. The thesis of many a doctoral dissertation might be controverted, if we were able to devise. some method by which these mere parallelisms could be detected. An interesting example of such a coincidence is the following:

In Longfellow's Golden Legend, there is a description of the scriptorium of the convent of Hirschau in the Black Forest. Friar Pacificus is transcribing and illuminating a volume; and as he completes his day's work, he looks through the window and exclaims :

"How sweet the air is! How fair the scene!

I wish I had as lovely a green

To paint my landscapes and my leaves!

How the swallows twitter under the eaves !

There, now, there is one in her nest;

I can just catch a glimpse of her head and breast,
And will sketch her thus in her quiet nook,
For the margin of my Gospel book." 1

In 1853, Zeuss published in his celebrated Grammatica Celtica, three Old Irish verses that

were found scattered in the manuscript of the St. Gall Priscian, which dates from the middle of the ninth century. These verses express the moods of the glossator as he struggles with the obscurities of the Latin text. The second one, which occurs on pp. 203-4 of the manuscript, bears a striking resemblance, both as regards situation and sentiment, to the lines cited above. I append a translation of the three verses, which, I may add, differs but slightly from that of Whitley Stokes :

I.

Bitter is the wind to-night: it shakes the ocean's white locks: I fear not the coursing of a clear sea by the fierce warriors of Lothlind (Norway).

II.

A hedge of trees surrounds me: a blackbird's lay sings to me-a praise that I do not hide.

Above my booklet the lined one, the twittering of the birds sings to me.

In a brown robe, the cuckoo's beautiful clear song sings to me from the tops of the bushes.

May the good Lord protect me from Doom! I write well under the greenwood.

III.

Take thy corner in the prison: thou shalt reach neither pillow nor pallet :

Sad is that, as the servant of the rods, the pack-saddle of ill-luck has stuck to thee.

Now, the Golden Legend was already copyrighted in 1851, or two years before the appearance of the Grammatica Celtica, in which the Irish verses were published for the first time.' JOHN L. GERIG.

3

Columbia University.

Stokes and Strachan, Thesaurus Palæohibernicus, vol. II, p. 290.

4 An interesting example of the same kind appeared in Le Figaro of Sept. 10, 1907. M. Georges Thiebaud had noted a striking analogy between the Vase brisé of SullyPrudhomme and a passage of L'Homme qui rit (tome 1, p. 434 of the ne varietur edition) which was thus conceived:

"Il arrive parfois que, sans qu'on sache comment, parce qu'il a reçu le choc obscur d'une parole en l'air, un cœur se vide insensiblement. L'être qui aime s'aperçoit d'une baisse dans son bonheur. Rien de redoutable comme cette exsudation lente de vase fêlé."

This passage was communicated to Sully-Prudhomme who replied, in a letter dated from Châtenay (Seine), the 2nd of Sept., 1907 (two days before his death), as follows: "... La coincidence que vous me signalez ne me surprend pas moins que vous. Simple coïncidence, en effet, car mon petit poème le Vase brisé a paru en 1865 chez le libraire-éditeur Alphonse Lemerre dans mon premier volume, intitulé Stances et Poèmes, et il était composé depuis plus d'un an déjà. Il est donc antérieur au roman d'Hugo, l'Homme qui rit. Il est plus que probable qu' Hugo n'avait pas eu connaissance de mon Vase brisé: il y a donc une rencontre bien extraordinaire de nos deux pensées dans le passage que vous me citez. J'en suis fier, grâce à vous....”

L'Homme qui rit was written from July, 1866, to August, 1868, and was published in 1869.

Vol. 23.

Roberts, A. E., and A. Barter.-The Teaching of English. London: Blackie.

Rösener, F.-Die französischen Lehnwörter im Frühneuenglischen. Diss. Marburg: 1907.

Schuller. Otto.-Lautlehre von Elfric's 'Lives of Saints.' Bonn: Carl Georgi, 1908.

Shakespeare. The 'First Folio' Shakespeare: The Taming of the Shrew; Coriolanus; The Two Gentlemen of Verona. Three vols. Edited, with notes, introduction, glossary, lists of variorum readings, and selected criticism, by Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1908.

Shepherd, Henry E.-A Commentary on Tennyson's In Memoriam. New York and Washington: The Neale Pub. Co., 1908. Simpson, S. G.-Thomas Edward Brown, Le Poète de l'Île de Man. Diss. Université de Lille, 1908.

Smith, A. H.-Les Évènements Politiques de France dans le Théâtre Anglais du Siècle d'Elisabeth. Diss. Paris: Émile Larose, 1908.

Spingarn, J. E.-Critical Essays of the Seventeenth Century. Volume I, 1605-1650; Vol. II, 1650-1685. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908.

Thamm, W.-Das Relativpronomen in der Bibelübersetzung Wyclifs und Purveys. Diss. Berlin: 1908.

Thomson, J. C.-Bibliography of the Writings of Charles and Mary Lamb. Hull: J. R. Tulin, 1908.

New

Upsham, Alfred Horatio.-The French Influence in English Literature, from the accession of Elizabeth to the Restoration. York: The Columbia University Press, 1908.

Von der Warth, Josef.-Metrisch-Sprachliches und Textkritisches zu Cynewulfs Werken. Halle: E. Karras, 1908.

Werner, R. M.-Der Einfluss der deutschen Litteratur auf W. M. Thackeray. Program: Teplitz-Schönau, 1907.

Winther, F.-Carlyle's litterarische Kritik und deren erzieherische Tendenz. Program. Freiburg: 1907.

Zeitlin, Jacob.-The Accusative with Infinitive and some kindred constructions in English. New York: The Columbia University Press, 1908.

Zippel, Otto.-Thompson's Seasons. Critical edition, being a reproduction of the original texts, with all the various readings of the later editions, historically arranged. [Palæstra LXVI.] Berlin: Mayer & Müller, 1908.

ITALIAN.

Agostini, Costanza.-Il Racconto del Boccaccio e i Primi Sette Canti della Commedia. Torino: Paravia, 1908. 8vo., 82 pp. L. 2. Bartolommeo del Bene.-Odi xxviii di B. d. B. Gentiluomo Fiorentino, edite da Giosuè Carducci e Severino Ferrari. Bologna: Zanichelli, 1908. 8vo., L. 5.

Biagi, Vincenzo.-La Quæstio de Aqua et Terra di Dante : bibliografia, dissertazione critica sull' autenticità, testo e commento, lessigrafia. Modena: Vincenzi, 1908. 4o, 195 pp., con 4 tavole.

Boccaccio. Il Decamerone: Terza Giornata. Biblioteca Romanica, nn. 48, 49. Strassburg: Heitz u. Muendel, 1908.

Carducci. Opere, vol. xviii. Archeologia Poetica. Contiene: Della Scelta di Curiosità Letterarie o Rare-Della lirica popolare italiana dei sec. xiii e xiv--Di alcune poesie popolari bolognesi del sec. xiii inedite-Intorno ad alcune rime dei sec. xiii e xiv ritrovate nei memoriali di Bologna-Di Matteo Frescobaldi e delle sue rime-Prefazione alle rime di F. Petrarca sopra argomenti storici, morali e diversi-Discorso su la canzone "spirto gentil" -Discorso su la canzone 66 Quel ch'ha nostra natura"--Discorso sulla canzone "Italia mia." Bologna: Zanichelli, 1908. 8vo., 451 pp., L. 4.

Crescini, Vincenzo.-Il Canto xxviii dell' Inferno, letto nella sala di Dante in Orsanmichele a Firenze. Firenze: Sansoni, 1908. 8vo., 62 pp., L. 1.

D'Azeglio, Massimo.—I Miei Ricordi. Firenze: Barbèra, 1908. 16°, xv and 548 pp., L. 2.50 (con ritratto).

No. 8.

De Amicis, Edmondo.-Nel Regno dell' Amore, I. (L'ora divina-Fiore del passato Il numero ventitre-La quercia e il fiore). Milano: Treves, 1908. 8vo., fig., 99 pp., L. 1.

Del Lungo, Isidoro. Il Canto vi dell' Inferno, letto nella sala di Dante in Orsanmichele. Firenze: Sansoni, 1908. 8vo., 43 pp., L. 1.

D'Ovidio, Francesco.-Nuovi Studi Manzoniani:-Ermengarda -L'Innominato e Lucia-Il ritorno dei Manzoni alla fede cattolica-L'epistolario del M.-Per il senatore A. M.-II Cinque Maggio in Ispagna-Un libro che tutti conoscono e che nessuno legge--Qualche inavvertenza nei Promessi Sposi vera o apparente -I brani inediti-Il determinismo nell' arte e nella criticaL'arte per l'arte. Milano: Hoepli, 1908. 16°, xii and 683 pp., L. 6.50.

Fromaigeat, E.-Die Komische Elemente in Ariostos Orlando Furioso. Berner Diss. Winterthur: Ziegler, 1908. 8vo., 115 pp. Guerrini, Olindo.-Brani di Vita. Bologna: Zanichelli: 1908. 16°, 663 pp., L. 6, con ritratto e facsimile.

Magrini, Diana.-Le Epistole Metriche di Francesco Petrarca. Rocca S. Casciano: Cappelli, 1908. 80, 206 pp., L. 2.50. (Coll. d. indagini ecc. dir. d. G. Mazzoni, vol. XII.)

Mantovani, Dino.-Il Canto xxxii dell' Inferno, letto nella sala di Dante in Orsanmichele a Firenze. Firenze: Sansoni, 1908. 8°, 39 pp., L. 1.

Petrarca, Francesco. Il Canzoniere, secondo l'autografo, con le note di Giuseppe Rigutini rifuse e accresciute per le persone colte e per le scuole da M. Scherillo. 2a ediz. interamente rinnovato. Milano: Hoepli, 1908. 16°, xcii and 474 pp., L. 2.50. -- I Trionfi. Biblioteca Romanica, no. 47. Strassburg: Heitz und Muendel, 1908. 76 pp.

Simonatti, Mario.-L'Ode alla Regina di Giosuè Carducci : studio storico-estetico seguito da un saggio di bibliografia carducciana. Bologna: Zanichelli, 1908. 16°, L. 2.

Toynbee, Paget.-Dante Alighieri. Tradotto dall' Inglese, con appendice bibliografica di Gustavo Balsamo-Crivelli. Torino: Bocca, 1908. 16°, 268 pp., L. 3.

SPANISH.

Avellaneda, G. Gómez de.-Baltasar, a Biblical drama, in four acts and in verse. Edited with introduction, notes and vocabulary by Carlos Bransby. New York: American Book Company, 1908. 12mo., 224 pp.

Castillo Solorzano, A. de.-Tardes entretenidas, en seis novelas, publicadas por D. Emilio Cotarelo y Mori. (Antiguas Novelas Españolas, tomo IX.) Madrid: Imp. Ibérica, 1908. 8vo., 405 pp., 3 pes.

Cervantes. Selections from Don Quijote. Edited with notes and vocabulary by J. D. M. Ford. Boston: Heath & Co., 1908. 12mo., x and 198 pp.

Dario, R.-Parisiana. Madrid: Domingo Blanco, [1907]. 8vo. Fitzmaurice-Kelly, J.-Chapters on Spanish Literature. London: Constable and Company. 1908. 8vo., xi + 260 pp.

The Nun Ensign, translated from the Spanish with an introduction and notes. Also, La Monja Alférez, a play in the original Spanish by Juan Pérez de Montalbán. London: Fisher Unwin, 1908. 8vo., x + 304 pp.

García Gutiérrez, A.-El Trovador. Edited with notes and Vocabulary by H. H. Vaughan. Boston: Heath & Co., 1908. Johnson, A. B.-Cuentos Modernos, edited with introduction, notes and vocabulary. New York: American Book Company, 1908. 12mo., 252 pp.

Libro de los Gatos, a text with introduction and notes by G. T. Northup. (University of Chicago Dissertation.) Chicago: 1908. 8vo., 78 pp.

Mérimée, E.-Précis de l'histoire de la littérature espagnole. Paris: Garnier, 1908. 12mo.

Palacio Valdes, A.-Semblanzas literarias; Los oradores del Ateneo; Los novelistas españoles; Nuevo viaje al Parnaso. (Obras completas, tomo XI.) Madrid: M. G. Hernández, 1908. 8vo., 418 pp., 4 pes.

Vol. 23.

Remy, A.-Spanish Composition, compiled and edited with notes and vocabulary. Boston: Heath & Co., 1908. 12mo., iv and 98 pp. Rey de Artieda, A.-Los amantes, tragedia original, precedida de una noticia biográfica y bibliográfica del autor, por Francisco Marti Grajales; publícala nuevamente Francisco Carreres Vallo. Valencia: Manuel Pan, 1908. 4to., xliv + 83 pp.

Sanz del Castillo, A.-La mogiganga del gusto en seis novelas, publicadas con una introducción por D. Emilio Cotarelo y Morí. Colección de antiguas novelas españolas. Tomo VIII.) Madrid: Imp. Ibérica, 1908. 8vo., xii +369 pp., 3 pes.

Tamayo y Baus.-Lo Positivo. Edited with introduction, notes and vocabulary, by Philip Harry and Alfonso de Salvio. Boston: Heath & Co., 1908. 12mo., viii+124 pp., 75 cents.

Tirso de Molina.-Comedias, tomo II. Colección ordenada é ilustrada por D. Einilio Cotarelo y Morí. (Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles.) Madrid: Bailly-Baillière, 1907. Svo., xlvi +746 pp. 12 pes.

Turrell, C. A.-A Spanish Reader for Beginners in High Schools and Colleges. New York: American Book Co., 1908. 12mo., 256 pp.

Valera, J.-Pepita Jiménez. Edited with introduction, notes and vocabulary by C. L. Lincoln. Boston: Heath & Co., 12mo., xii + 286 pp.

Zauner, A.-Altspanisches Elementarbuch. (Sammlung Romanischer Elementar- und Handbücher, herausgegeben von W. MeyerLübke.) Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1908. 8vo., xii + 190 pp. M. 3,60.

PORTUGUESE.

Vasconcellos, J. Leite de.-Textos Archaicos para uso da aula de philologia portuguesa establecida na Bibliotheca Nacional de Lisboa por portaria de dezembro de 1903, coordenados, annotados e providos de um glossario. 2a edicão (ampliada). Lisboa: Livraria classica editora de A. M. Teixeira & Cia., 1908. 8vo., 160 pp.

FRENCH.

Appol, Carl.-Gui von_Cambrai, Balaham und Josaphas, nach den Handschriften von Paris und Monte Cassino herausgegeben von-. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1907. 8vo., lxxxii and 467 pp. Baudier. Sully Prudhomme's philosophische Anschauungen. 8vo., 30 pp. Program. Ohligs-Wald, 1908.

Bédier, Joseph.-Les légendes épiques: Recherches sur la formation des chansons de geste. Paris: H. Champion, 1908. 8vo., 443 pp.

Chatelain, Henri.-Le Mistere de Saint Quentin, suivi des Invencions du corps de Saint Quentin par Eusèbe et par Eloi. Édition critique publiée avec introduction et glossaire." Saint Quentin : Imprimerie Générale, 1908. 4to, xvi and 56 pp.

Delplanque, A.-Fénelon et la Doctrine l'amour pur d'après sa correspondance avec ses principaux amis. Lille: librairie Giard, 1907. 8vo., 101 pp. (Mémoires et Travaux des Facultés catholiques de Lille, fasc. 5.)

Ecorcheville, J.-Corneille et la musique. Paris: Imprimerie Fortin, 1906. 8vo., 24 pp. and plates.

Farrer, Lucy E.-Un Devancier de Cotgrave: La vie et les œuvres de Claude de Sainliens alias Claudius Holyband. Paris: H. Champion, 1908. 8vo., vii and 115 pp.

Fellinger, F.-Das Kind in der altfranzösischen Literatur. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck et Ruprecht, 1908. 8vo., 258 pp.

Friedrich, Dr. Ernst.—Die Magie im Französischen Theater des xvi. und xvii. Jahrhunderts. Leipzig: A. Deichert, 1908. 8vo., xxxvii and 343 pp. (Beiträge zur Romanischen und Englischen Philologie, xli.)

Mathews, Charles Eugley.-Cist and Cil: A Syntactical Study. Baltimore: J. H. Furst Company, 1907. 8vo., x and 119 pp. Johns Hopkins Dissertation, 1908.

Pellissier. Georges.-Voltaire philosophe. Paris: Armand Colin, 1908. 8vo., 305 pp.

Schneegans, Ed.-Maistre Pierre Pathelin, Farce du xve siècle, p. p. -. Strasbourg: Heitz, 1908. 8vo., 102 pp. (Bibliotheca Romanica 60-61.)

No. 8.

Snavely, Guy Everett.-The Æsopic Fables in the Mireoir Historial of Jehan de Vignay, edited with Introduction, Notes and Bibliography. Baltimore: J. H. Furst Company, 1908. 8vo., 47 pp. with facsimile. Johns Hopkins Dissertation, 1908.

Soubies, Albert.-Almanach des Spectacles. Année 1907. Paris: Flammarion, 1908. 8vo., 156 pp. Tome xxxvii de la nouvelle collection. Une eau-forte par Lalange et Jannin.

Stowell, William Averill.-Old-French Titles of Respect in Direct Address. Baltimore: J. H. Furst Company, 1908. 8vo., xiv and 239 pp. Johns Hopkins Dissertation, 1908.

Beck, J. B.-Die Melodien der Troubadours, nach dem gesamten handschriftlichen Material zum erstenmal bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner, 1908. 4to., viii and 201 pp.

Fabre, C.-Le Troubadour Pons de Chapteuil Quelques remarques sur sa vie et sur l'esprit de ses Poèmes. Le Puy: imprimerie Peyriller, Rouchon et Gamon, 1908. Svo., 29 pp.

Haeberli, L.-Die Entwicklung der lateinischen Gruppen kl, gl, pl, bl, fl im Franko-Provenzalischen. 8vo., 31 pp. Bern Diss. Nickel, Wilhelm.-Sirventes und Spruchdichtung. Berlin: Mayer und Müller, 1907. 8vo., 124 pp. (Palæstra LXIII.) Roumanille, J.-Li Conte provençau e li Cascareleto, avec bon nombre de ces contes traduits en français. Nouvelle édition. Avignon librairie J. Roumanille, 1908. 16mo., 360 pp.

Schroetter, Willibald.-Ovid und die Troubadours. Halle: M. Niemeyer, 1908.

PEDAGOGICAL.

Budde, Gerhard.-Der Kampf um die fremdsprachliche Methodik. Hannover: Hahn, 1908. 8vo., v and 120 pp.

Carlton, Frank Tracy.-Education and Industrial Evolution. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1908. 12mo., xiv and 320 pp. (The Citizen's Library of Economics, Politics and Sociology.)

Eulenburg, Franz.-Der "akademische Nachwuchs": Eine Untersuchung über die Lage und die Aufgaben der Extraordinarien und Privatdozenten. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1908. Svo., X and 156 pp.

Lederer, Max.-Die Gestalt des Naturkindes im achtzehnten Jahrhundert. 8vo., 53 pp. Program Bielitz.

Michel, Hermann.-Petrus Mosellanus, Pædologia, herausgegeben von --. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1906. Svo., liv and 54 pp.

Paquier, J.-B.-L'Enseignement professionel en France: Son histoire, ses différentes formes, ses résultats. Paris: Armand Colin, 5 Rue de Mézières, 1908. 18mo.

Walter, Max.-Zur Methodik des neusprachlichen Unterrichts. Marburg: N. G. Elwert's Verlag, 1908.

Marty, Anton.-Untersuchungen zur Grundlegung der allgemeinen Grammatik und Sprachphilosophie. I. Band. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1908. 8vo., xxxii and 764 pp.

Möller, G. H.-Beiträge zur dramatischen Cleopatra-Literatur. Progr. Schweinfurt, 1908. 8vo., 39 pp.

Täuber, C.-Ortsnamen und Sprachwissenschaft; Ursprache und Begriffsentwicklung, Zürich: Art. Institut Orell Füssli, 1908. 8vo., 250 pp.

Teuber, V.--Die mittelalterlichen Gedichte von der Judith in ihrem Verhältnis zu einander untersucht. Progr. Komotau, 1908. 8vo., 19 pp.