x. 12. The scriptures are for correc- || army of the revolters was routed: tion by their powerful influence, they prick a man to the heart, and make him amend of his evil courses, 2 Tim. iii. 16,

CHAWS; jaws, Ezek. xxix. 4. and xxxviii. 4.

such as escaped the slaughter fled to the mountains, possibly these on the north-east, which afterwards fell to the lot of the Reubenites. Chedorlaomer and his allies, after ravaging the country, and carrying off a number of captives, and a great booty, directed their march northward, intending to return home by the southeast of Syria. But, informed that Lot his nephew, and family, were among the captives, Abraham, with

CHEBAR ; a river in Chaldea, where Ezekiel saw sundry of his visions, chap. i. iii. x. It is thought to have been cut between the Euphrates and the Tigris; or rather, it is that river which had its rise near the head of the Tigris, and run through Me-an handful of servants, and a few Casopotamia, to the south-west, and fell into the Euphrates a little south from Carchemish.

naanitish allies, pursued the conquerors, overtook them at Dan, and routed them; then pursued them to Hobah, a little to the north of Damascus, and retook their captives and booty. Shuckford would have Chedorlaomer to be the Assyrian Ninyas; and Bedford would have him a deputy of Zameis, king of Assyria; but to me their reasoning does not appear conclusive, Gen. xiv.

The CHEEK, in the human face, is the special residence of comeliness and blushing. And to smite on the cheek, or pull off its hair, implied at once cruelty and contempt, 1 Kings xxii. 24. Mic. v. 1. Isa. 1. 6. Christ's cheeks, like a bed of spices, denote the delightful and soul-refreshing come

CHECK; hindrance. I have heard the check of my reproach: I have heard enough of reproach to discourage me to say any more, Job xx. 3. CHECKER-WORK; that in which the images of flowers, sprigs, leaves, and fruits, are curiously wrought together, 1 Kings vii. 17. CHEDORLAOMER, king of Elam, about A. M. 2078, subdued the kingdoms of Sodom, Gomorrah, Ad-|| mah, Zeboim, and Zoar. After they had served him twelve years, they rebelled. In the 14th, he resolved to reduce them. Assisted by Amraphel || king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, and Tidal king of Gojim, or na-liness of his person, his humiliation, tions, he marched against them. To and the manifestation of his spiritual deprive them of all possible aid, he presence, Song v. 13. Might not first attacked the neighbouring pow- the saints, feeding by faith on his ers; marching southward on the east beauty and compassion, be signified of them, he smote the Rephaims, by the priests having the cheeks and near the source of the river Arnon, the maw of the peace-offering? Deut. and pillaged Ashtaroth-karnaim he xviii. 3. Are not the church's cheeks routed the Zuzims at Ham, the E-comely with rows of jewels; her outmims in Shaveh-kirjathaim, and the Horites in mount Seir. Having proceeded on the south side, till he came to Elparan, he returned, and directed his course to the north-east. In his way, he ravaged the country of the Amalekites, and smote the Amorites who dwelt about Hazazontamar. At last, he attacked the allied troops of the revolted kingdoms. The field of battle was full of slime-pits: the

ward appearance and form decked with divine truths and ordinances? Are not the cheeks of particular saints, their holy and humble conversation, adorned with the gifts of the Holy Ghost? Song i. 10. Wicked men being likened to ravenous beasts, the smiting them on the cheek-bore, and breaking their teeth, imports the depriving them, by fearful judgments, of their power to hurt others, Psal. iii. 7.

CHEER; to make joyful, Deut. xxiv. 5. Good cheer signifies, (1.) Great joy, Matth. xiv. 27. (2.) Good meat, such as is got of sacrifices, Prov. xvii. † l.

CHERUB, CHERUBIM. Angels are so called, because they often appeared as young men, mighty in power and knowledge, Psal. xviii. 10. Cherubims, or angels, with an appearance of a flaming sword, were

CHEMARIM, the black ones, are by some thought the images of Cha-placed at the east, or entrance of the mar, Isis, or the moon; perhaps ra- garden of Eden, after Adam's expulther the priests that were worship- sion, to hinder his return : or God pers of the fire are meant, whose dwelt in the cherubims with a flamclothes, and often their faces, were ing sword, Gen. iii. 24. The cheblack. Or, why might not the Che-rubims, or winged figures that comarim be the agents that officiated as priests in the burning of children to Moloch? Our version, Zeph. i. 4. distinguishes them from the priests; but the priests there mentioned, might be apostate ones of the seed of Aaron, or the priests of some other idol. It is certain, that in 2 Kings xiii 5. and Hosea x. 5. the word plainly means idolatrous priests.

CHEMOSH. See BAAL-PEOR. CHERETHIM, CHERETHITES; (1.) The Philistines, or a particular tribe of them. See CAPHTOR, Zeph. ii. 5. Ezek. xxv. 16. (2.) David's life-guard were called Cherethites and Pelethites; either because they were partly composed of such Philistines as had joined him; or rather, because they had, for a time, dwelt among that people, and might have their arms and order copied from such particular bands of their troops, 1 Chron. xviii. 17.

CHERISH; to give one cordials, warmth, ease, and comfort, 1 Thess. ii. 7. Christ cherisheth his church; he quiets their conscience with the application of his blood; he warms their heart with the shedding abroad of his love, and encourages them by his power and promise, Eph. v. 29.

CHERITH; the river of which Elijah drank, while he was nourished by ravens, 1 Kings xvii. 3, 4. It is thought to have run from the cast into Jordan, a little to the southward of Bethshan; but Bochart will have it to be the same as the river Kanah; and Bunting will have it to run eastward to the Jordan between Bethel and Ai.

vered the sacred ark in the holy of holies, and these painted on the walls, or hangings of the sanctuary, who seem each to have had the four faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle, might represent angels and ministers, who, with great activity, wisdom, boldness, patience, and knowledge, view and admire the work of our redemption, and, are employed in ministering to the church and people of God, Exod. xxv. 18. and xxvi. 1. The cherubims that attended the wheels, or mingled with the palmtrees, in Ezekiel's visions, may denote either angels or ministers as subservient to the operations of providence, and joined with, and ministering to, the saints, Ezek. i. 10. and xii. 18. God's riding on cherubims, imports his majestic use of angels, in the dispensations of providence, Psal. xviii. 10. His dwelling between the cherubims, imports his peculiar presence in the Jewish holy of hoiies; and chiefly his peculiar satisfaction and pleasure in our Mediator; and his law magnifying righteousness; and his readiness to be found of such as seek him, in him, Psalm lxxx. 1. The king of Tyre is called a covering cherub: he afforded his subjects an agreeable and glorious protection, while his fine apparel made him shine as an angel, or glit ter as the golden cherubims over the ark, Ezek. xxviii. 14.*

* Something may be learned, says Witsius, concerning the form of the cherubims, which covered the mercy scat from Eze

CHESALON, is thought to be the || medicine. Its fruit is a kind of nut same as Jearim, Josh. xv. 10. CHESNUT-TREE, is of the beech

kind.

There are four sorts of itThat which is most regarded, is a beautiful and tall tree, with a thick | shade. Its leaves are formed in shape of a spear head, and their points like the teeth of a saw, and are good for

useful for food. Jacob's peeled rods for marking the embryos of the cattle, were partly of chesnut, Gen. xxx. 37, 39. The Assyrian king and his empire, are likened to a chesnut-tree, for their glory, power, and influence, Ezek. xxxi. 8.†

CHEZIB. See ACHZIB.

the holy angels were signified by these figures. The cherubims were of gold, to denote the excellency, purity, and perpetuity of the holy angels. Farther, the mercy-seat was an eminent type of Jesus Christ, our propitiation; and the cherubims being affixed to it, may signify the constancy with which the angels are engaged in the service of Christ, John i. 52. They indeed have no need of a propitiation, being without sin; but it is by the propitiation of Christ, that they, who were always faithful to God, are now reconciled to us, and we to them; so that we are become of the same heavenly society with

kiel x. 14 where, speaking of the cheru-place, there is no reason to doubt but that bims, the prophet says, Every one had four faces the first face was the face of a cherub, and the second face was the face of a man, and the third the face of a lion, and the fourth the face of an eagle. It is clear, that, under the name of faces the prophet here describes some visible form or appearance like that of a man, a lion, or an eagle. What then are we to understand by the face of a cherub? This Ezekiel himself seems to determine. For, when he enumerates in chap. i. 10. the same faces of the same living creatures, instead of the face of the cherub, he puts the face of an ox. What other reason can be assigned for Ezekiel's giving the name of an ox to a che-them, Heb xii. 22. The cherubims in rub, but that the cherubims had been usu- the most holy place were represented as ally represented under that figure? This in a bending posture, looking towards the opinion is favoured by the etymology of the mercy-seat: signifying the intense desire name. For the word charab, whence the and application with which the angels enname cherubim is derived, in the Chaldaic,quire into the mysteries of our redemption Syriac, and Arabic languages, signifies to plow, in which work oxen were chiefly employed by the ancients. It appears, then, that the figure of the cherubims in the ark, and afterwards in the temple, was that of living creatures having the appear-nseparable. ance of a lion and a man, but chiefly that of an ox; and likewise furnished with two †The chesnut belongs to the monœcia at least, if not with more, great wings.-class of plants, a genus of the polyandria This is all that the scripture suggests upon order: This tree sometimes grows to an this subject. As to the tradition of the immense size: the largest known is the modern Jews, that the cherubims had the celebrated one on Mount Etna. This tree, form of boys or young men, it has no solid says Dr. Houel, is 160 feet in circumferreason to support it. The modesty of Jo-ence, but quite hollow within: which howsephus in speaking of the form of the che-ever affects not its verdure; for the chesrubims is commendable: They were, says he, winged animals, of a form, which God had exhibited to Moses, but which was unlike the form of any winged creatures that had ever been seen by men. And in another place, What was their form no one can express or conceive. Antiquit. book iii. chap. 6. book viii. chap. 2.

by Jesus Christ, 1 Pet. i. 12. The two herubims looked to one another and at he same time to the mercy-seat; so în true Christians, the exercises of faith in Jesus Christ and of love to one another are

nut-tree, like the willow, depends upon its bark for subsistence, and by age looses its internal parts. As the cavity of this enormous mass is very considerable, the people have built an house in it, where they have an oven for drying nuts, almonds, chesnuts, &c. of which they make conserves. They frequently supply themselves with wood But it is of little avail to us to know what from the tree which encircles their house, was the particular form of these cherubims so that it seems likely in a short time to in the tabernacle and the temple: it is far go to ruin through the ingratitude and more necessary and profitable to enquire thoughtlessness of its inhabitants. what the wisdom of God designed to teachnuts of this tree make a delicious coffee, us by these emblems. And, in the first and wholesome bread.

Ency

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