ordinarily nailed to the cross-beam, || being slain by his fulfilment of it; and his feet to the lower part. The and by their union to his person, and nails driven through the most sensi-sharing of the views and virtue of his ble parts of the body, and sustaining dying love, their indwelling sin is grapart, if not the whole weight of the dually weakened, and they are enabled criminal, rendered the pain very ex- through the Spirit to mortify the deeds quisite. It is, however, said, a piece of it, Rom. vi. 6. Gal. v. 24. By him of wood between their legs often sup- and his cross they are crucified to the ported them. It was sometimes two world, and the world to them; by their or three days before the person ex-professed cleaving to him, and the pired hence the legs of the thieves doctrine of his cross, they become crucified along with Christ were bro-contemptible to wicked and worldly ken, that their death might be hasten-men, and are separated from them: ed and it was owing to the volunta-by cleaving to his person, and applyriness of his death, and the impres-ing his righteousness to their consion of his Father's wrath on him, science, their affections and love are that Jesus so quickly expired. Some- disengaged from the world, and it is times persons were crucified with to them as a dead malefactor, that their head downwards. In this man-has murdered their soul, and caused ner, it is said, Peter, to honour his them to dishonour their God, Gal. Master's death, desired to be crucified. || vi. 14. An inscription, representing the cause The whole sufferings of Christ are of the punishment, was ordinarily called his CROSS; as on it he sufferwritten on a table at the top of the ed in the most tremendous manner, cross. It is observable, how the in- in both soul and body at once, Eph. scription on Christ's, instead of charg-ii. 16. Heb. xii. 2. The doctrine of ing him with a crime, plainly hinted his sufferings is called his cross, 1 his innocence and Messiahship: nor Cor. i. 18. Gal. v. 11. and vi. 12.could the Heathen governor be pre-Enemies to his cross, are such as unvailed on to alter it. Christ was cru-dermine the necessity or virtue of his cified through the weakness of his hu-righteousness, by their legal doctrine, manity, but liveth by the power of worldly care, or licentious life, Phil. God was raised from the dead, and iii. 18. Troubles and afflictions, chieflives for ever by his own divine pow-ly these endured for Christ, are called er, 2 Cor. xiii. 4. compare 1 Pet. iii.a cross; they are painful, lingering, 18. He is crucified afresh, when his and attended with shame in the view person or office is despised, hated, and of carnal men : and to take up this blasphemed, his righteousness and cross, is cheerfully to submit to it, gospel utterly rejected, Heb. vi. 6. from love to Christ, Matth. xvi. 24., He is crucified at Rome, or in the An- CROSSWAY; the place where tichristian state, when his person and one way passeth through another, and office are despised, his truth pervert-where, consequently, fugitives and ed, his righteousness blasphemed, travellers are most readily met with, and his people murdered, Rev. xi. 8. | Obad. 14. The saints are crucified with Christ ; CROUCH; to cringe towards the in his death he represented them, and earth. The crouching of the wicked, applied it to their conscience renders in order to take the poor, signifies, them dead to the law, to sin, and to the low and base methods he takes to the world, and gradually effectuates oppress him, and the hiding of his the death of their indwelling corrup-designs till he accomplish them, P'sai. tion, Gal. ii. 20. Their old man, or corrupt lusts, are crucified with him; CROWN. the law, which is the strength of sin, || head, Isa. i. 6. x. 10. (1.) The top of the (2.) A cap of state | worn on the heads of sovereign princes, to mark their power and authority, 1 Chron. xx. 2. In allusion to this, our Saviour was crowned with thorns, John xix. 5. (3.) A cap given in reward to one who had been most active in taking a city, gaining a battle, or winning a game or dispute. Such crowns were often composed of no other materials than twigs of palm-tree, olive, laurel, ivy, &c. 1 Cor. ix. 25. (4.) A cap worn by persons on their marriage-day, and which, it seems, || was put on by their mother, Song iii. 11. (5.) That blue ribband whereby || the highpriest fastened his mitre on his head, and on whose golden plate, fixed to the forehead, was inscribed, Holiness to the Lord, Exod. xxviii. 36, 37. and xxix. 6. [or what is called the holy crown, was the golden plate now mentioned, see Exodus xxxix. 30.] (6.) Any thing that adds honour and glory to one. Thus the Lord was a crown of glory, and a diadem of beauty to Judah; he protected, exalted, and reformed them, when the ten tribes were carried into captivity, Isaiah xxviii. 5. with 2 Chrom|| xxix-xxxii. The church is a crown of glory, and royal diadem to God; in her, his glory, power, and authority are clearly displayed, Isa. Ixii. 3. Zech. ix. 16. Christ's crown of gold, his many crowns, are the mediatorial power, authority, and glory assigned him by his Father; his manifold victory and high sovereignty, and the ascription of all praise and honour to him, by his mother the church, Psal. cxxxii. 18. Rev. xix. 12. Song iii. 11. The church's crown of twelve stars, is her heavenly, illuminating, and directive doctrines of the prophets and apostles, which are her honour, and mark her royal state, and marriage with Christ, Rev. xii. 1. Saints are a crown to ministers; are the ornament and honour of their labours, Phil. iv. 1. 1 Thess. ii. 19. Saints' crown of glory, life, and righteousness, is that royal and truly honourable state of glory, life, and holi ness, given them through the righteousness of Jesus Christ, Rev. iii. 11. and ii. 10. 1 Pet. v. 4. 2 Tim. iv. 8. The saints cast their crowns before God's throne; they undervalue themselves, and all they have, in comparison of him; and ascribe their whole existence, holiness and happiness, to Christ, and to God in him, Rev. iv. 4, 10. A good wife is a crown, an honour, and cause of wealth and power, to her husband, Prov. xii. 4. So are children a crown to their parents, Prov. xvii. 6. An hoary head, or grey hairs, are a crown; an honourable badge of wisdom and authority, Prov. xx. 29. and xvi. 31. Riches are a crown to the wise, as they gain, and lay them out honourably, Prov. xiv. 24. Honour, wealth, and authority, are called a crown, Prov. xvii. 6. and xxvii. 24. and iv. 9. The beautiful crown, given to the Jews, at their marriage-covenant with God, and which fell from their head at their captivity, was their honourable renown, glorious wealth, and beautiful order and government in church and state, Ezek. xvi. 12. Lam. v. 16. The crowns of the locusts, under the 5th trumpet, denote the outward glory, power, and authority, of the Saracens in the east, and of the Romish clergy in the west; and may also mark the caps of the Saracens formed like crowns, and the mitres. and hoods of the Romanists, Rev. ix. 7. The seven crowns of the red dragon, are the sevenfold form of authority, by kings, consuls, dictators, decemvirs, tribunes, emperors Heathen and Christian, and Gothish kings, or exarchs, that successively obtained at Rome; and the great glory of that state, Rev. xii. 3. The ten crowns of the Antichristian beast, are the Pope's authority over, and command of all the glory of the ten different kingdoms, formed out of the Romish empire in the west, Revel. xiii. 1. To CROWN; (1.) To put on a crown, 2 Tim. ii. 5, (2.) To pro tect; enrich; honour, Psal. ciii. 4. The crowned of Assyria were as the locusts; their princes and great men were exceeding numerous, Nah. iii.|| 17. Tyre is called a crowning city, because of her royal government, her great glory, power, and wealth, above others, Isa. xxiii. 8. CRUDDLE; to thicken the seminal substance in the womb, till it be formed into flesh and bones, as milk is thickened in order to make cheese, Job x. 10. CRUEL; hard-hearted; fierce; painful, Gen. xlix 7. The tender mercies of the wicked are cruel; even their kindness ensnares and murders mens souls, Prov. xii. 10. To breathe out cruelty, is to utter threatenings, and to delight in want of tender sympathy, and in doing mischief, Psal. xxvii. 12. CRUMBS. Miraculous benefits done to poor Gentiles, are likened to crumbs let fall to dogs under the table, Matth. xv. 27. CRUSE; a small vessel of glass, &c. for holding water, oil, &c. 1 Sam. xxvi. 11. CRUSH; (1.) To bruise, Numb. || xxii. 25. (2.) To tread to pieces, Job xxxix. 15. (3.) To oppress grievously, Job xx. 15. (4.) To ruin almost utterly, Jer. li. 34. CRY; (1.) To make a loud noise with the voice, Eccl. ix. 17. Matth. xxi. 15. (2.) Bitter lamentation and mourning, Exod. xi. 6. and xii. 30. || (3.) Horrible complaints of oppression and injustice, Isa. v. 7. (4.) Earnest prayer, as in great straits and danger, and with strong desire, Exod. xiv. 15. Psal. xvii. 1. (5.) The earnest desire of beasts for their food, and eager expression thereof, Psal. cxiv. 9. God's crying, imports his earnest warning of his people, Isa. xxx. 7. and his exertions of his power, || in awful providences, for their deliverance, Isa. xlii. 14. Jesus crying to men, imports his earnest warning them of their infinitely dangerous condition; rousing them from their spiritual sleep and slumber; and his hearty invitation of them to receive his blessings, Prov i. 21. and viii. 1. Zech. vii. 13. His not crying, nor lifting up his voice in the streets, imports his lowliness, meekness, and patience amidst his humiliation, Isa. xlii. 2. The cry of Abel's blood; of Sodom's sin; of the wall built by oppressive and unjust means; and of the hire of the labourer kept back by fraud; imports the sure connection there is between murder, uncleanness, or fraud, and a sudden and fearful punishment; and that even irrational creatures are ready to bear witness against our guilt, Gen. xiv. 10. and xviii. 21. Hab. ii. 11. Jam. v. 4. Israel shall cry, My God, we know thee: in their distress they shall make solemn profession of their relation to God, and earnestly seek his help, Hos. viii. 2. To cry in Lebannon and Bashan, is to wail loud as on hill tops, in a most destitute case; and to cry for help from every airth; [every part of the earth,] and to utter bitter lamentations, as they went out of their land into the Babylonish captivity, Jer. xxii. 20. CRYSTAL ; a hard transparent, and naturally colourless fossil, of a regular angular form. It is composed of simple, not twisted, thready plates; it is not flexible nor elastic; nor gives it any fire with steel. There are three kinds of pure crystal, besides various sorts mixed with other different substances. Crystal was anciently found in an island of the Red sea, and the cups and other vessels made of it were reckoned exceeding valuable. Pliny mentions one worth 5,550 dollars. To punish the men of his generation, Nero furiously broke two crystal cups. But it is now of far less esteem, Job xxviii. 17. The firmament above the cherubims, the sea of glass before the throne of God, the river of life, and the light of the new Jerusalem, are likened to crystal, to mark their purity, clearness, and illuminating influence, Ezek. i. 22.-- |