Death, Deeds, and Descendents: Inheritance in Modern AmericaRoutledge, 2018 M02 6 - 236 pages Clignet's analysis of inheritance patterns in modern America is the first sustained treatment of the subject by a sociologist. Clignet shows that even today inheritance serves to perpetuate both familial wealth and familial relations. He examines what leads decedents to chose particular legal instruments (wills, trusts, insurance policies, gifts inter vivos) and how, in turn, the instrument chosen helps explain the extent and the form of inequalities in bequests, of a result of the gender or matrimonial status of the beneficiaries. The author's major is to identify and explain the most significant sources of variations in the amount and the direction of transfers of wealth after death in the United States. He uses two kinds of primary data: estate tax returns filed by a sample of male and female beneficiaries to estates in 1920 and 1944, representing two successive generations of estate transfers, and publicly recorded legal instruments such as wills and trusts. In addition, Clignet draws widely on secondary sources in the fields of anthropology, economics, and history. His findings reflect substantive and methodological concerns. The analysis underlines the need to rethink the sociology of generational bonds, as it is informed by age and gender. Death, Deeds, and Descendants underscores the variety of forms of inequality that bequests take and highlights the complexity of interrelations between the cultures of the decedents' nationalities and issues like occupation and gender. Inheritance is viewed as a way of illuminating the subtle tensions between continuity and change in American society. This book is an important contribution to the study of the relationship between sociology of the family and sociology of social stratification. |
Contents
Preface | |
Inheritance and Reproduction | |
The Burden of Proof in the Study of Heirship | |
On the Variety of American Wealth | |
Testacy and the Limits of Free Wills | |
Conclusions Bequests and Inequality between and within Families | |
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Alternatively American analysis assets accumulated behaviors beneficiaries bequests birth order bonds changes choices Clignet concerning conjugal contrast corresponding counterparts cultural death decline determinants differences differential distinct distribution economic effects endogamy equality estate tax ethnic example executors extent familial groups favor female forms of capital function gender German German-American gifts inter vivos heirs heirship practices hence human capital ideology income increase individuals inequality inheritance insofar intergenerational transfers intestacy investments involved Irish Irish-American joint tenancy male marriage matrimonial status mobility modern national origin occupational one′s ownership parents patriarchy patterns percent perpetuation population prevailed primogeniture promissory notes realty relative relevant represent reproduction risks role sample selection significant social class social stratification society socioeconomic sociology solidarity sons and daughters specific stocks stratification structure surviving spouse symbolic testacy transfers mortis causa trusts types of assets typical variables variations wealth accumulated women York zero-order correlation