CHAP. LI. 1783.-Penuriousness of Wealth-Lord bridge-Johnson's Love of Children and Animals- Abp. Stuart-"The Turkish Spy"-Mr. Windham -Mr. Lowe on Hospitality-Walled Gardens-Mr. Walker on the Origin of Language-Moorfields-A CHAP. LII. 1783.-Increase of London, and its Population - Natural Affections - Duel between Riddell and Cunningham-On Corpulency-Govern- ment of India-Dr. Shebbeare-Payment for Re- viewing-Religious Disbelief-Liberty of Con- science-Mallet's First Essay-On Reading-Virgil and Homer - Cant Hospitality - Sheridan- Friendship-Barry's Pictures-Christian Devotion -Richard Baxter-Miss Philips-Correspondence -Johnson_attacked by Paralysis-Mr. Davies- Johnson's Recovery-Visits Rochester and Heale- CHAP. LIV. 1784.-The last Year of Johnson's Life CHAP. LV. 1784-Johnson's Departure for Oxford -Mrs. Beresford-Knotting-Arrival at Oxford- Dr. Adams-Bishop Newton-Archibald Campbell -Nonjurors - Mrs. Kennicot-Infidel Writers - Roman Catholic Religion-Bishop Hurd's Sermons -Whig and Tory-Miss Adams-Dr. Wall-Dr. Radcliffe's Fellowships-Forms of Prayer-Jeremy Taylor-Dr. Nowell-Rev. H. Bate-John Hender- CHAP. LVI. 1784.-Johnson's Return to London- Rev. Mr. Astle-Mr. Cator-Horace Walpole- "Ever-memorable" John Hales-"No, Sir"-Lord Chatham-Burke's Defence of Johnson-"Tommy Townshend"-Trained_Bands of London-John- son's Apology to the Compositor-Attitudenizing -Johnson's Warmth in Argument-His Visit to Marylebone Gardens-His Attention to Dress- His last Dinner at the "Literary Club"-Intended Journey to Italy-Public Criminals-Mr. Vilette- Dr. Knox-Mr. Pinkerton-Jamaica-Lord Ches- terfield-Lord Eliot-Lord Thurlow's Letter, in favour of Johnson-His Sensibility-Italy-Mrs. Thrale's intended Marriage, and her Anecdotes of CHAP. LVII. 1784.-Incorrectness of Mrs. Piozzi's Anecdotes-Lord Chancellor Thurlow's Benevo- lence-Johnson's Letter of Thanks to him-His Affection for the Memory of his Wife-He sets out for Derbyshire and Staffordshire-Revisits Lich- field and Alabourne-His Letters to his Friends-- His State of Health-Mr. Windham-Johnson Visits Chatsworth-Air Balloons-Johnson's Opi- nion of their Utility-Mr. Hoole-Mr. Nichols- The Literary Club-Dr. Burney-Mr. Langton- General Correspondence-Johnson affected with CHAP. LVIII. 1784.-Johnson's last Visit to Lichfield -Uttoxeter-The Learned Pig-Johnson's Visit to Oxford-Dr. Adams-Correspondence-Johnson's increasing Indisposition-His Return to the Metro- polis-Various Works contemplated by him-List of the Authors of Universal History-Rev. John Swinton-Johnson's knowledge of Greek-Imita- tions of his Style-Mr. Burrowe's-George Colman -Dr. Robertson-Mr. Gibbon-Miss Burney- Arch. Nares-" The Mirror"-Rev. Dr. Knox- Johnson's Affection for his Departed Relations-His • 493 DEDICATION. MY DEAR SIR, TO SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS. Every liberal motive that can actuate an Author in the dedication of his labours, concurs in directing me to you, as the person to whom the following Work should be inscribed. If there be a pleasure in celebrating the distinguished merit of a contemporary, mixed with a certain degree of vanity not altogether inexcusable, in appearing fully sensible of it, where can I find one, in complimenting whom I can with more general approbation gratify those feelings? Your excellence, not only in the art over which you have long presided with unrivalled fame, but also in Philosophy and elegant Literature, is well known to the present, and will continue to be the admiration of future ages. Your equal and placid temper, your variety of conversation, your true politeness, by which you are so amiable in private society, and that enlarged hospitality which has long made your house a common centre of union for the great, the accomplished, the learned, and the ingenious; all these qualities I can, in perfect confidence of not being accused of flattery, ascribe to you. If a man may indulge an honest pride in having it known to the world that he has been thought worthy of particular attention by a person of the first eminence in the age in which he lived, whose company has been universally courted, I am justified in availing myself of the usual privilege of a Dedication, when I mention that there has been a long and uninterrupted friendship between us. If gratitude should be acknowledged for favours received, I have this opportunity, my dear Sir, most sincerely to thank you for the many happy hours which I owe to your kindness, for the cordiality with which you have at all times been pleased to welcome me,-for the number of valuable acquaintances to whom you have introduced me,-for the noctes cænæque Deum, which I have enjoyed under your roof. If a work should be inscribed to one who is master of the subject of it, and whose approbation, therefore, must ensure it credit and success, the Life of Dr. Johnson is, with the greatest propriety, dedicated to Sir Joshua Reynolds, who was the intimate and beloved friend of that great man; the friend whom he declared to be the most invulnerable man he knew; whom, if he should quarrel with him, he should find the most difficulty how to abuse." You, my dear Sir, studied him, and knew him well: you venerated and admired him. Yet, luminous as he was upon the whole, you perceived all the shades which in my mingled in the grand composition; all the little peculiarities and slight blemishes which marked the literary Colossus. Your very warm commendation of the specimen which I gave, "Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides," of my being able to preserve his conversation in an authentic and lively manner, which opinion the Public has confirmed, was the best encouragement for me to persevere in my purpose of producing the whole of my stores. In one respect, this work will, in some passages, be different from the former. In my Tour," I was almost unboundedly open in my communications, and from my eagerness to display the wonderful fertility and readiness of Johnson's wit, freely showed to the world its dexterity, even when I was myself the object of it. I trusted that I should be liberally understood, as knowing very well what I was about, and by no means as simply unconscious of the pointed effects of the satire. I own, indeed, that I was arrogant enough to suppose that the tenour of the rest of the book would sufficiently guard me against such a strange imputation. But it seems I judged too well of the world; for, though I could scarcely believe it, I have been undoubtedly informed, that many persons, especially in distant quarters, not penetrating enough into Johnson's character, so as to understand his mode of treating his friends, have arraigned my judgment, instead of seeing that I was sensible of all that they could observe. It is related of the great Dr. Clarke, that when, in one of his leisure hours, he was unbending himself with a few friends in the most playful and frolicsome manner, he observed Beau Nash approaching; upon which he suddenly stopped :My boys," said he, "let us be grave; here comes a fool." The world, my friend, I have found to be a great fool, as to that particular on which it has become necessary to speak very plainly. I have, therefore, in this work been more reserved; and though I tell nothing but the truth, I have still kept in my mind that the whole truth is not always to be exposed. This, however, I have managed so as to occasion no diminution of the pleasure which my book should afford; though malignity may sometimes be dis appointed of its gratifications. I am, my dear Sir, Your much obliged friend, London, April 20, 1791. ADVERTISEMENT TO THE FIRST EDITION. I AT last deliver to the world a work which I have long promised, and of which, I am afraid, too high expectations have been raised. The delay of its publication must be imputed, in a considerable degree, to the extraordinary zeal which has been shown by distinguished persons in all quarters to supply me with additional information concerning its illustrious subject; resembling in this the grateful tribes of ancient nations, of which every individual was eager to throw a stone upon the grave of a departed Hero, and thus to share in the pious office of erecting an honourable monument to his memory The labour and anxious attention with which I have collected and arranged the materials of which these volumes are composed, will hardly be conceived by those who read them with careless facility. The stretch of mind and prompt assiduity by which so many conversations were preserved, I myself, at some distance of time, contemplate with wonder; and I must be allowed to suggest that the nature of the work in other respects, as it consists of innumerable detached particulars, all which, even the most minute, I have spared no pains to ascertain with a scrupulous authenticity, has occasioned a degree of trouble far beyond that of any other species of composition. Were I to detail the books which I have consulted, and the inquiries which I have found it necessary to make by various channels, I should probably be thought ridiculously ostentatious. Let me only observe, as a specimen of my trouble, that I have sometimes been obliged to run half over London, in order to fix a date correctly; which, when I had accomplished, I well knew would obtain me no praise, though a failure would have been to my discredit. And after all, perhaps, hard as it may be, I shall not be surprised if omissions or mistakes be pointed out with invidious severity. I have also been extremely careful as to the exactness of my quotations; holding that there is a respect due to the public, which should oblige every author to attend to this, and never to presume to introduce them with, I think I have read," or, "If I remember right," when the originals may be examined. I beg leave to express my warmest thanks to those who have been pleased to favour me with communications and advice in the conduct of my But I cannot sufficiently acknowledge my obligations to my friend Mr. Malone, who was so good as to allow me to read to him almost the work. whole of my manuscript, and make such remarks as were greatly for the advantage of the work; though it is but fair to him to mention, that upon many occasions I differed from him, and followed my own judgment. I regret exceedingly that I was deprived of the benefit of his revision, when not more than one-half of the book had passed through the press; but after having completed his very laborious and admirable edition of Shakspeare, for which he generously would accept of no other reward but that fame which he had so deservedly obtained, he fulfilled his promise of a long-wished-for visit to his relations in Ireland; from whence his safe return finibus Atticis is desired by his friends here, with all the classical ardour of Sic te Diva potens Cypri; for there is no man in whom more elegant and worthy quali ties are united; and whose society, therefore, is more valued by those who know him. It is painful to me to think, that while I was carrying on this work, several of those to whom it would have been most interesting have died. Such melancholy disappointments we know to be incident to humanity; but we do not feel them the less. Let me particularly lament the Reverend Thomas Warton, and the Reverend Dr. Adams. Mr. Warton, amidst his variety of genius and learning, was an excellent biographer. His contributions to my collection are highly estimable; and as he had a true relish of my "Tour to the Hebrides," I trust I should now have been gratified with a larger share of his kind approbation. Dr. Adams, eminent as the head of a college, as a writer, and as a most amiable man, had known Johnson from his early years, and was his friend through life. What reason I had to hope for the countenance of that venerable gentleman to this work, will appear from what he wrote to me upon a former occasion from Oxford, November 17, 1785"Dear Sir, I hazard this letter not knowing where it will find you, to thank you for your very agreeable 'Tour,' which I found here on my return from the country, and in which you have depicted our friend so perfectly to my fancy, in every attitude, every scene and situation, that I have thought myself in the company, and of the party almost throughout. It has given very general satisfaction; and those who have found most fault with a passage here and there, have agreed that they could not help going through, and being entertained with the whole. I wish, indeed, some few gross expressions had been softened and a few of our hero's foibles had been a little more shaded; but it is useful to see the weaknesses incident to great minds and you have given us Dr. Johnson's authority that in history all ought to be told." Such a sanction to my faculty of giving a just representation of Dr. Johnson I could not conceal. Nor will I suppress my satisfaction in the consciousness, that by recording so considerable a London, April 20, 1791. * See Mr. Malone's Preface to his edition of Shakspeare. SUBSTANCE OF MR. EDMUND MALONE'S ADVERTISEMENTS TO THE THIRD AND SUBSEQUENT EDITIONS. Some new letters were inserted, having been obligingly communicated by Doctor Vyse, Rector of Lambeth. Those written by Dr. Johnson concerning his mother in her last illness, furnish another proof of his great piety and tenderness of heart. Some new Notes also have been added, which, with the letters now introduced, are included within brackets, that the author may not be held answerable for them. The remarks of his friends are distinguished as formerly, except those of Mr. Malone, to which the letter M. is now subjoined. Those to which the letter K. is affixed were communicated by Doctor Kearney, formerly Senior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, and subsequently Archdeacon of Raphoe. SEVERAL valuable letters, and other curious matter, having been communicated to the author too late to be arranged in that chronological order which he had endeavoured uniformly to observe in his work, he was obliged to introduce them in his second edition, by way of Addenda, as commodiously as he could. They have now been distributed in their proper places. In revising his volumes for a new edition he had pointed out where some of these materials should be inserted; but unfortunately, in the midst of his labours, Mr. Boswell was seized with a fever, of which he died on the 19th of May, 1795. All the Notes that he had written in the margin of the copy which he had in part revised, are here faithfully preserved; and a few new Notes have been added, principally by some of those friends to whom the author in the former editions acknowledged his obligations. Those subscribed with the letter B. were communicated by Dr. Burney; those to which the letters J. B. are annexed, by the Rev. J. B. Blakeway, of Shrewsbury, to whom Mr. Boswell acknowledged him• The sixth edition was the last published under the self indebted for some judicious remarks on the judicious superintendence of Malone, who was in the first edition of his work; and the letters J. B.-author's confidence in the original preparation of the O. are annexed to some remarks furnished by the author's second son, a student of Brazen-Nose College, in Oxford. Some valuable observations were communicated by James Bindley, Esq., which have been acknowledged in their proper places. Every new remark, not written by the author, for the sake of distinction, has been inclosed within brackets. Great pains were taken to make the sixth edition accurate, in point of typography. With this view the entire work was read over by the author's second son, James Boswell; by which means many errors of the press were corrected.Several new notes and some letters were added; and the Index much extended. work. After Boswell's death, Malone brought out the third and subsequent editions, up to the sixth inclusive, valuable assistance to which he adverts in the notices receiving in the course of his labours that various and prefixed to his successive publications. Malone's last edition is dated May, 1811 (about twenty years after the first appearance of the work); and he edition we have followed, as fairly settling the text of the died in the same month of the following year. This work. |