and maintained for every dwelling. In the case of private dwellings and two-family dwellings such cans shall be provided by the occupant. In the case of multiple dwellings of class A where there are janitors, each family shall provide its own cans, but the owner shall provide such general cans to receive such waste materials as may be necessary. Wherever the owner of a multiple dwelling of class A provides individual cans for each apartment, it shall be the duty of the occupant of such apartment to keep the cans used by him in a cleanly conditions at all times. Garbage chutes and bins are prohibited, but this shall not be construed as prohibiting garbage incinerators, inside of chimneys, if properly constructed.

SEC. 110. Prohibited uses.-No horse, mule, cow, calf, swine, sheep, goat, chicken, or other fowl shall be kept in any dwelling or part thereof. Nor shall any such animal be kept on the same lot or premises with a dwelling except under such conditions as may be prescribed by the commissioner of health. No such animal except a horse or mule, shall under any circumstances be kept on the same lot or premises with a multiple dwelling.

No dwelling or the lot or premises thereof shall be used for the storage or handling of rags or junk.

SEC. 115. Overcrowding.-If any room in a dwelling is overcrowded, the commissioner of health may order the number of persons sleeping or living in said room to be so reduced that there shall be not less than 600 cubic feet of air to each adult and 400 cubic feet of air to each child under 12 years of age occupying such room.

SEC. 116. Lodgers.--The commissioner of health may prescribe conditions under which lodgers or boarders may be taken in dwellings and may prohibit the letting of lodgings therein.

SEC. 117. Infected and uninhabitable dwellings to be vacated.-Whenever it shall be certified by an inspector or officer of the health department that a dwelling is infected with contagious disease, the commissioner of health may issue an order requiring all persons therein to vacate such dwelling within 24 hours for the reasons to be mentioned in said order.

The commissioner of health shall cause such dwelling to be disinfected, and shall, when the temperature is below freezing, protect from freezing at the expense of the owner of said dwelling all plumbing and heating apparatus in such dwelling.

Whenever it shall be certified by an inspector or officer of the health department that a dwelling is unfit for human habitation or dangerous to life and health by reason of want of repair, or defects in the drainage, plumbing, lighting, ventilation, or the construction of the same, or by reason of the existence on the premises of a nuisance likely to cause sickness among the occupants of said dwelling, or for any other cause, the commissioner of health may order the owner or other person having control of the dwelling to remedy such defect within a period of not less than 5 days nor more than 30 days, said order to be served according to the provisions of section 148 of this act. In case such order is not complied with within the time specified, the commissioner of health may issue an order requiring all persons therein to vacate such dwelling within not less than 24 hours nor more than 10 days for the reasons to be mentioned in said order.

In case an order to vacate is not complied with within the time specified, the commissioner of health may cause said dwelling to be vacated. The commissioner of health, whenever he is satisfied that the danger from said dwelling has ceased to exist, or that it is fit for human habitation, may revoke said order or may extend the time within which to comply with the same.

SEC. 118. Repairs to buildings, et cetera.-Whenever any dwelling or any building, structure, excavation, business pursuit, matter or thing, in or about a dwelling, or the lot on which it is situated, or the plumbing, sewerage, drainage, light or ventilation thereof, is in the opinion of the commissioner of health in a condition or in effect dangerous or detrimental to life or health, the commissioner of health may declare

that the same to the extent that he may specify is a public nuisance, and may order the same to be removed, abated, suspended, altered, or otherwise improved or purified as the order shall specify. In addition to the above powers the commissioner of health may also order or cause any dwelling or excavation, building, structure, sewer, plumbing pipe, passage, premises, ground, matter or thing, in or about a dwelling, or the lot on which it is situated, to be purified, cleansed, disinfected, removed, altered, repaired or improved. If any order of the commissioner of health issued under the authority of the provisions of this act is not complied with, or so far complied with as he may regard as reasonable, within 15 days after the service thereof, or within such shorter time as he may designate, then such order may be executed by said commissioner of health, through his officers, agents, employes or contractors.

SEC. 126. Public halls and stairs, lighting and ventilation of.—In all dwellings erected prior to the passage of this act, the public halls and stairs shall be provided with as much light and ventilation to the outer air as may be deemed practicable by the commissioner of health, who may order the cutting in of windows and skylights and such other improvements and alterations in said dwellings as in his judgment may be necessary and appropriate to accomplish this result. All new skylights hereafter placed in such dwellings shall be provided with ventilators having a minimuin opening of 40 square inches and also with either fixed or movable louvres or with movable sash; all such skylights and windows shall be of such size as may be determined to be practicable by said commissioner of health.

SEC. 127. Sinks and lavatories.—In all dwellings erected prior to the passage of this act, the woodwork enclosing sinks and lavatories shall be removed and the space underneath said sinks and lavatories shall be left open. The floor and wall surfaces beneath and around the sink and lavatory shall be put in good order and repair.

SEC. 128. Water-closets.—In all dwellings erected prior to the passage of this act. the wood work enclosing all water-closets shall be removed from the front of said closets, and the space underneath the seat shall be left open. The floor or other surface beneath and around the closet shall be put in good order and repair.

SEC. 129. Privy vaults, school sinks and water-closets.-Whenever a connection with a sewer is possible, as provided in section 8 of this act, all privy vaults, school sinks, cesspools or other similar receptacles used to receive fecal matter, urine or sewage, shall before July 1, 1918, with their contents, be completely removed and the place where they were located properly disinfected under the direction of the commissioner of health. Such appliances shall be replaced by individual water-closets of durable nonabsorbent material, properly sewer-connected, and with individual traps, and properly connected flush tanks providing an ample flush of water thoroughly to cleanse the bowl. Each such water-closet shall be located inside the dwelling or other building in connection with which it is to be used, in a compartment completely separated from every other water-closet, and such compartment shall contain a window of not less than 4 square feet in area opening directly to the street, or rear yard or on a side yard, or court of the minimum sizes prescribed in sections 22, 23 and 24 of this act. The floors of the water-closet compartments shall be as provided in section 50 of this Such water-closets shall be provided in such numbers as required by section 95 of this act. Such water-closet and all plumbing in connection therewith shall be sanitary in every respect and, except as in this act, otherwise provided, shall be in accordance with the local ordinances and regulations in relation to plumbing and draining. Pan, plunger and long hopper closets will not be permitted. No watercloset shall be placed out of doors

act.

Whenever a water-closet is installed in a dwelling and connected either to the sewer or to a cesspool, all existing privy vaults on the premises, with their contents, shall be completely removed and the places where they were located properly disinfected under the direction of the commissioner of health.

SEC. 152. Inspection of buildings.-The commissioner of health shall cause a periodic inspection to be made of every multiple dwelling at least once a year. Such inspection shall include thorough examination of all parts of such multiple dwelling and the premises connected therewith. The commissioner of health is also hereby empowered to make similar inspection of all dwellings as frequently as may be necessary.

SEC. 153. Right of entry.-The commissioner of health, the inspector of buildings, and all inspectors, officers and employees of the health department and the building department, and such other persons as may be authorized by the commissioner of health or the inspector of buildings, may, in the performance of their duties, without fee or hindrance, enter, examine and survey all premises, grounds, erections, structures, apartments, dwellings, buildings and every part thereof in the city. The owner or his agent or representative and the lessee and occupant of every dwelling and every person having the care and management thereof shall at all reasonable times when required by any of such officers or persons give them free access to such dwellings and premises. The owner of a dwelling and his agents and employees shall have right of access to such dwelling at reasonable times for the purpose of bringing about a compliance with the provisions of this act or any order issued thereunder.

Maternity Hospitals and Children's Homes-Regulation. (Ch. 212, Act. Apr. 12,

1917.)

SECTION 1. Maternity hospitals and infants' homes; definitions.-Any person who receives for care and treatment during pregnancy, or during delivery or within 10 days after delivery, more than one woman within a perriod of six months, except women related to him by blood or marriage, shall be deemed to maintain a maternity hospital. Any person who receives for care or treatment, or has in his custody at any one time three or more infants under the age of 3 years, unattended by a parent or guardian, for the purpose of providing them with food, care and lodging, except infants related to him by blood or marriage, shall be deemed to maintain an infants' home. The word "person" where used in this act shall include individuals, partnerships, voluntary associations and corporations: Provided, however, That this act shall not be construed to relate to any institution under the management of the State board of control, or to its officers or agents: nor to any individual who has received for care alone children from not more than one family during any period of three months. Whoever receives and cares for both women and infants as above defined shall be deemed to maintain a maternity hospital and infants' home, and shall be subject to all the provisions of this act.

SEC. 2. Same; incorporation required in certain counties.-No individual, partnership or association, except a corporation duly created and existing under the laws of Minnesota, and authorized by its charter so to do, shall maintain in any county containing a city of the first or second class a maternity hospital or infants' home, as defined in this act.

Sec. 3. Same; licenses.-The State board of control is hereby empowered to grant a license for one year for the conduct of any maternity hospital or infants' home that it believes is needed and is for the public good, and that is conducted by a reputable and responsible person; and it shall be the duty of the board to provide such general regulations and rules for the conduct of all such hospitals and homes as shall seem advisable to it and not inconsistent with any of the provisions of this act. No person shall receive a woman or child for care in any such hospital or home without first obtaining from said board a license so to do. No such license shall be issued unless the premises are in fit sanitary condition. The license shall state the name of the licensee, the particular premises in which the business may be carried on and the number of women and infants that may be boarded, treated or cared for therein at any one time; and such license shall be kept posted in a conspicuous place on the

licensed premises. No greater number of women or infants shall be kept at any one time on the premises than is authorized by the license and no woman or infant shall be kept in a building or place not designated in the license. A record of the license so issued shall be kept by the board of control, which shall forthwith give notice to the State board of health and to the local board of health of the town in which the licensee resides, of the granting of such license and the conditions thereof. The license shall be valid for one year from the date of issue. The State board of control may revoke the license when a provision of this chapter is violated, or when, in the opinion of said board, such maternity hospital or infants' home is maintained without due regard to sanitation and hygiene, or to the health, comfort or morality of the inmates thereof The board shall note such revocation upon the face of the record of the license and give written notice of the revocation to the licensee by handing the notice to the licensee or leaving it on the licensee's premises, and shall forthwith notify the State board of health and the local board of health of the town in which the maternity hospital or infants' home is situated.

SEC. 4. Same; offers to dispose of children.—No person, as an inducement to a woman to come to his place during confinement, shall in any way offer to dispose of any child, or advertise that he will give children for adoption, or hold himself out as being able to dispose of children in any manner.

SEC. 5. Same; record of infants and book of forms.-The State board of control may prescribe forms for the registration and record of persons cared for in such home or hospital, and the licensee shall be entitled to receive gratuitously from the board of control a book of forms for such registration and record. Each book shall contain a printed copy of this chapter. The licensee of a maternity hospital shall keep a record, in a form to be prescribed by said board, wherein shall be entered the true name of every patient, together with all her places of residence during the year preceding admission to such hospital; the name and address of the physician or midwife who attended at each birth taking place in such hospital, or who attended any sick infant therein, and the name and address of the mother of such child; the name and age of each child who is given out, adopted or taken away to or by any person, together with the name and residence of the person so adopting or taking away such child; and such other information as the board shall prescribe. The licensee of an infants' home shall keep a record in a form to be prescribed by said board wherein shall be entered the name and age of each child received or cared for in such home, together with the names and addresses of the parents and the name and address of the person bringing the child; the name of the physician who attended any sick infant therein; the name and age of each child who is given out, adopted or taken away to or by any person, together with the name and residence of the person so adopting or taking away such child; and such other information as the board shall prescribe.

SEC. 6. Same; births; deaths.-Every birth taking place in a maternity hospital shall be attended by a legally qualified physician or midwife. The licensee shall within 24 hours after the birth make a written report of every woman confined and child born upon the premises to the State board of control, together with such additional information as may be required by the board. The licensee, immediately after the death in a maternity hospital or infants' home, of a woman or an infant born therein or brought thereto, shall cause notice thereof to be given to the local board of health of the town in which such home or hospital is located.

SEC. 7. Same; inspection.-The officers and authorized agents of the State board of control and of the State board of health and the local boards of health of the towns in which such licensed premises are located may inspect such hospital or home at any time and examine every part thereof. The officers and agents of the State board of control may call for and examine the records which are required to be kept by the provisions of this act, and inquire into all matters concerning such hospital or home and the patients and infants therein; and the officers and authorized agents

of the State board of control shall visit and inspect such hospitals and homes at least once every six months and shall preserve reports of the conditions found therein. The licensee shall give all reasonable information to such inspectors and afford them every reasonable facility for viewing the premises and seeing the patients therein: Provided, however, That no patient, without her consent, shall be required to be interviewed by an inspector or agent unless such inspector or agent is a woman or a licensed physician.

SEC. 8. Same; reporting illegitimacy.-Whenever a child or a woman who within 10 days has been delivered of a child, or a woman who is pregnant is received for care in a maternity hospital or infants' home, or other public or private hospital, the licensee of such maternity hospital or home, or the officer in charge of such other hospital, shall use due diligence to ascertain whether such child is legitimate, and if there is reason to believe that he is illegitimate or will be illegitimate when born, such licensee or officer shall report to the State board of control, within such [time?] as said board may prescribe, the presence of such woman or child, together with such other information as the board may require.

Sec. 9.-Same; records to be private.-No officer or authorized agent of the State board of control, the State board of health or the local boards of health of the towns where such licensed hospitals or homes are located, or a licensee of such a hospital or home, or his agent, or any other person shall disclose the contents of the records herein provided for or the particulars entered therein, except upon inquiry before a court of law, at a coroner's inquest or before some other competent tribunal, or for the information of the State board of control, the State board of health or the local board of health of the town in which said hospital is located.

SEC. 10. Same; relationship.-In a prosecution under the provisions of this act or a penal law relating thereto, a defendant who relies for defense upon the relationship of any woman or infant to himself shall have the burden of proof.

SEC. 11. Placing out; records.-Every person permitted by law to receive, secure homes for or otherwise care for children, shall keep a record containing the names, ages and former residences of all children received; the names, former residences, occupations and character so far as known of the parents; the dates of reception, placing out and adoption, together with the name, occupations and residences of the persons with whom the child is placed; the date and cause of the cancellation of any contract of indenture; the date and cause of any removal to another home; the date and cause of termination of guardianship, and a brief history of each child until he shall have reached the age of 18 years, or shall have been legally adopted or discharged according to law.

SEC. 12. Same; surrender of parental rights.-No person other than the parents or a relative may assume the permanent care and custody of a child under 14 years of age unless authorized so to do by an order or decree of court. Except to a maternity hospital as provided by law, and in proceedings for adoption, no parent may assign or otherwise transfer to another his rights or duties with respect to the permanent care and custody of his child under 14 years of age, and any such transfer hereafter made shall be void.

SEC. 13. Same; notification of State board of control.-Whenever any person shall place a child in a private home for the purpose of providing the child with a permanent home; and whenever a child shall have been in such a home for a longer period than six months, the person responsible for the placing of the child shall immediately notify the State board of control, giving the name and address of the child, the name of the person with whom the child has been placed, with such other information regarding the child and his foster home as may be required by the board.

SEC 14. Same; visitation of children.—Within 90 days after the receipt of the notice provided for in section 13 the State board of control shall cause the child and the home in which he has been placed to be visited by its agent for the purpose of ascer