in any slaughtering, canning, salting, packing, grinding, rendering, or similar establishment within the city of Utica; and for the purpose of such examination or inspection said veterinarian or assistant shall have access to every part of said establishment and shall inspect and pass all such products as upon inspection are found to be pure, sound, wholesome, and made of healthful ingredients and fit for human food, and mark or tag as inspected and condemned all such products as upon inspection are found to be impure, unsound, unhealthful, or otherwise unfit for human food, and shall cause to be destroyed for food purposes and shall personally superintend the destruction of all such products which upon examination and inspection are found to be impure, unsound, unhealthful, or otherwise unfit for human food.

SEC. 6. The health officer shall cause to be made by said city veterinarian or his assistant an examination of all carcasses or parts of carcasses of cattle, sheep, swine, or goats, or the meat products thereof, slaughtered or prepared without the city of Utica and brought within the said city of Utica for human consumption; and all carcasses or parts of carcasses of said cattle, sheep, swine, or goats, or the meat or meat products thereof, found to have been inspected and marked as inspected, in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress relating to the Federal inspection of meat or meat products intended for interstate commerce and found to be sound, healthful, and fit for human food may be inspected as in the case of carcasses slaughtered in the city of Utica and may be condemned and destroyed in the same manner as herein provided for carcasses slaughtered in the city of Utica.

SEC. 7. The health officer shall provide a suitable place or places within the boundary limits of the city of Utica for the inspection each day, except Sundays, between hours to be determined and proclaimed by said health officer, of carcasses or parts of carcasses together with lungs, kidneys, heart, throat glands, and liver thereof, or such other parts of said carcass or carcasses as may be hereinafter designated by the health officer as necessary to properly determine the condition of said carcasses or parts of carcasses, or any of the food products thereof before offering the same for sale within the city of Utica, and the city veterinarian or his assistant shall make an examination of all carcasses or parts of carcasses, or the meat products thereof, brought to said places for inspection. All carcasses or parts of carcasses, or the meat products thereof, except where inspected and stamped under Federal inspection, as mentioned in section 6 of this ordinance, found to be sound, healthful, and fit for human food shall be marked as inspected and passed by said veterinarian or his assistant with indelible ink, said mark showing the date of said inspection. The carcasses or parts of carcasses, and the meat products thereof, not so marked, except where inspected and stamped under Federal inspection, shall not be offered for sale for human food within the corporate limits of the city of Utica.

SEC. 8. The city veterinarian and assistants shall be under the direction of the health officer of the city of Utica and shall make monthly reports to said health officer or oftener when required showing number of animals inspected, the number condemned, the number marked suspicious, the consignee or owner of each condemned animal, and the cause of the condemnation of such animals, together with such information as may be required by the health officer in the interest of public health.

SEC. 9. The term "slaughterhouse," as used herein shall mean a building or part of a building or premises within the city of Utica, N. Y., used or kept for the purpose of killing, dressing, or packing any cattle, sheep or swine, calves or other animals, or the meat thereof, intended for human consumption.

SEC. 10. The health officer of the city of Utica may grant a license to a person, firm, association, or corporation to keep or maintain a building or buildings, or premises herein described as a slaughterhouse in Utica, or to any person, firm, association, or corporation dealing in meats slaughtered outside the city of Utica, upon payment of a license fee of $25, said fee to be paid to the health officer, who shall pay the same to the city treasurer. No license for a slaughterhouse shall be granted by the health officer until the plans thereof have been filed with the health officer and approved by him; and the health officer shall not approve such plans until the same shall comply with the requirements of this ordinance. The health officer is hereby empowered to revoke any license issued under the provisions of this ordinance upon satisfactory proof of a violation of any of the provisions of said ordinance, after a hearing given to the licensee, of which hearing the licensee shall file written notice at least three days prior to said hearing. Each and every slaughterhouse for which a license shall be granted, as herein provided, shall be open in every part and department at all times for inspection by the city veterinarian or his assistants or the health officer or his assistants or representatives.

SEC. 11. No animals shall be killed, dressed, packed, or handled or the products thereof prepared or treated in any slaughterhouse within the city of Utica, between the hours of 6 o'clock in the afternoon and 7 o'clock in the forenoon or on Sundays, except by permission of the city veterinarian, which permission. except in the case of the slaughter of an injured animal, shall be in writing.

SEC. 12. In each room of the slaughterhouse wherein any meat, refuse, offal, fertilizer, or any other material derived directly or indirectly from the slaughter of animals is treated or handled, and in each room of said slaughterhouse where animals are killed and dressed the floor must be made of cement, water-tight, properly drained, and connected with a sewer approved by the health officer. All walls, doors, and casements in said rooms shall be constructed of or covered with some nonabsorbent material to a height of at least 6 feet above the floor, subject to the approval of the health officer. In each slaughterhouse there shall be constructed and maintained a properly constructed and modern cooler, the interior of which shall be painted with white enamel paint. Said cooler shall at all times when in use be provided with a sufficient supply of ice to maintain in said cooler a temperature not to exceed 38° F. Each slaughterhouse shall be provided with a manure box constructed of cement or other nonabsorbent ma terial approved by the health officer. Said manure box shall be fitted with a tight-fitting cover with sewer connections approved by the health officer. All receptacles used in the handling of meat and meat products or for blood, entrails, offal, or waste matter of any kind, shall be made of nonabsorbent materials, and said receptacles shall be kept tightly covered when waste matter offal, or entrails are contained therein.

The manure box and all receptacles shall be emptied and cleaned at the close of each day that a deposit is made therein. All deposits of matter and filth shall be removed from all yards, pens, or compartments at the close of each day that the same are used. The floors of all rooms shall be swept at the close of each day that said rooms are used and the floors and walls to a height of 6 feet above the floor of all rooms used for killing and dressing shall be flushed and a!! matter removed therefrom at the close of each day that said rooms are used.

Each slaughterhouse shall be provided with sufficient wire screens for win dows and doors to keep free from flies at all times, and shall be provided with a sufficient number of receptacles for expectoration, which receptacles shall be cleaned and disinfected at least once in every 24 hours.

Each slaughterhouse shall be provided with suitable, convenient, and separate water-closets for both sexes, and also suitable and convenient sinks provided with running water for washing, in the proportion of one water-closet and one sink for every 15 persons or fraction thereof employed. Each watercloset compartment shall be thoroughly ventilated and no water-closet shall open into a room where animals are killed or the products thereof prepared or kept.

No animals shall run at large upon the premises or in any building used as a slaughterhouse.

Each slaughterhouse shall be kept at all times clean and wholesome and the odors therefrom must be destroyed by some effective means according to the best and most approved process, and everything preceding, following, or in connection with the slaughtering of animals, and the preparation of the products thereof must be free from all offensive conditions detrimental to the public bealth.

SEC. 13. It shall not be lawful for any person, firm, association, or corporation to keep or maintain a slaughterhouse within the city of Utica, N. Y., without first having obtained a license from the health officer so to do.

SEC. 14. No person shall expectorate or discharge from the human body, or any organ thereof, any matter whatsoever, upon any floor or wall of any slaughterhouse, or upon any equipment, or any animal or the product thereof, within a slaughterhouse, except in receptacles provided for that purpose.

No person suffering from tuberculosis, ophthalmia, or any contagious disease, or any contagious skin disease, shall be employed in a slaughterhouse in the killing of animals or the handling or preparation of the meat or meat products thereof.

SEC. 15. All persons engaged in the business of selling meat or meat products, fish or sea foods, must obtain a license from the health officer, for which a fee of $1 shall be paid to the city. Such license, however, shall not be granted by said health officer until said place for storing and selling meat and meat products, fish, or sea food shall be inspected and approved by the city veterinarian or his assistant, both as to equipment and sanitary conditions.

SEC. 16. The body of any animal or any part thereof which is to be used as human food shall not be carted or carried through any of the streets or avenues of the city of Utica unless the same be covered by a clean covering so as to be protected from all dust and dirt.

SEC. 17. Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be liable to a fine which shall not exceed $150 in amount, or to imprisonment not exceeding 150 days, or to both such fine and imprisonment.

MIDWIFERY.

BIRMINGHAM, ALA.

Midwifery-Permits Required for Practice of. (Ord. 550-C, Mar. 28, 1918)

SECTION 1. That on and after the 1st day of January, 1919, it shall be un lawful for any person, other than a regular licensed practicing physician, to practice as a midwife in the city of Birmingham, Ala., without first making written application for and receiving a permit from the Board of Health of Jefferson County, Ala. The term "midwife" shall be construed to include any person other than an authorized regular licensed physician who shall attend a woman in labor, or who shall bargain, contract, or agree to attend any woman at or during childbirth.

SEC. 2. That no permit shall be issued by the board of health to any person to practice as a midwife unless such person shall present to the said board of health satisfactory proof or evidence of having or possessing sufficient knowledge and skill in the art of midwifery, and that such person is free from a communicable disease and of good moral character.

SEC. 3. The board of health shall, upon application made in such form as may be prescribed by said board, and at such time or place or places and in such manner as they may determine, either by a schedule of questions to be answered and subscribed, or orally, examine each and every person who is of good moral character and temperate habits, and who desires to engage in the practice of midwifery, as to his or her qualifications and knowledge of the art, and if a majority of the committee appointed by the board of health to conduct such examination shall be satisfied that such person is competent and fully qualified to engage in the practice of midwifery the board of health shall enter the name of such person as a registered midwife in a book provided for that purpose and shall issue to such person a certificate of qualification, to be signed by the chairman of the board of health, countersigned by the city health officer and by the city comptroller of the city of Birmingham.

SEC. 4. That any person who shall practice midwifery or act as a midwife in the city of Birmingham in violation of any of the regulations or provisions of this ordinance, shall, upon conviction, be punished within the limits and as provided by section 1216 of the Code of Alabama.

GREENWICH, CONN.

Midwifery-Regulation of Practice of. (Reg. Dept. of H., July 9, 1919.)

1. No person other than a duly authorized physician shall engage in the praetice of midwifery in the town of Greenwich without a permit from the board of health. No permit will be granted unless an application, made on the printed blank form issued by the board, and signed by the applicant or person holding a midwife's license from the State of Connecticut, has been filed with the department of health.

2. The applicant must be 21 years of age or over and of good moral character. She must be able to read and write. She must give satisfactory evidence of

cleanliness of person, habits, and methods. She must have attended, under the Instruction of a licensed and registered physician, at least 20 cases of labor and have had the care of at least 20 mothers and new-born infants during the lying-in period (10 days).

3. The permit to practice midwifery issued by the board of health will allow the holder thereof to act as a midwife for only one year from the date of issuance, but it may be renewed at the end of that time upon application to the health officer; but the board of health may, at any time, revoke this permit for

cause.

4. No permit will be granted to an applicant who has been convicted of criminal practice, and any such conviction will be sufficient for the revocation of a permit.

5. Before a permit is given to an applicant she must appear in person at the department of health and register her name and address. She will also receive and receipt for a copy of these regulations, which have been adopted by the board, and these regulations must be explicitly followed.

6. Any midwife holding a permit from the board of health who changes her name or address must at once report such change of name and address, giving the name under which the permit was granted, together with the new and old address.

7. No midwife shall attend any case of labor unless it is an uncomplicated vertex (head) presentation. In all other cases a physician shall be called. 8. The home of a midwife, her equipment, record of cases, and registry of births shall at all times be open to inspection by the department of health. 9. If during pregnancy any of the following conditions develop, or is suspected, a midwife shall not attend the case, but must refer it to a physician:

a. A contracted pelvis or other deformity that interferes with labor. b. Bleeding from the uterus,

c. Swelling of the face and hands or legs.

d. Excessive vomiting.

e. Persistent headache.

f. Dimness of vision.

g. Convulsions.

10. If, during labor, any of the following conditions exist or develop, a physician must be summoned:

a. If presenting part is other than an uncomplicated vertex (head).

b. Convulsions.

c. Excessive bleeding.

d. Prolapse of cord.

e. A swelling or tumor that obstructs the birth of the child.

f. Signs of exhaustion or collapse.

g. Unduly prolonged labor.

11. No midwife shall remove either the placenta or membranes, except as specifically allowed. If after an hour from the birth of the child (the mother being in otherwise good condition), the after-birth (placenta and membranes) are not expelled by the mother unaided, a physician must be called.

12. If, after the birth of the child, the mother develops convulsions or has excessive bleeding or has been lacerated a physican must be called in attend

ance.

13. In her attendance on a case of labor, a midwife shall be scrupulously clean in every way. She shall wear a clean dress of washable material and over this a clean washable apron. The sleeves of the dress must be such that they can be rolled up over the elbow.