"city water" are used in this code they shall be construed as meaning any public supply of water through street mains, and wherever the words "public sewer" are used in this code they shall be construed as meaning any part of a system of sewers that is used by the public, whether or not such part was constructed at the public expense.

SEC. 8. Time for compliance.—All improvements specifically required by this code upon dwellings erected prior to the date of its promulgation shall be made within one year from said date, or at such earlier period as may be fixed by the health officer.

SEC. 9. Independence of sections.-Each section of this code and every part of each section is hereby declared to be independent sections and parts of sections, and the holding of any section or part thereof to be void and ineffective for any cause shall not be deemed to affect any other section or part thereof.

SEC. 10. Scope of this code.—All the provisions of this code shall apply to all classes of dwellings, except that in sections where specific reference is made to one or more specific classes of dwellings such provisions shall apply only to those specific classes to which such reference is made. All provisions which relate to dwellings shall apply to all classes of dwellings.

ARTICLE 2. DWELLINGS HEREAFTER ERECTED-LIGHT AND VENTILATION.

SEC. 20. Height.-No dwelling hereafter erected shall exceed in height the width of the widest street upon which it abuts, nor in any case shall it exceed 100 feet in height. Such width of street shall be measured from front line of the building as constructed to the opposite street line. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the hotels.

SEC. 21. Rear yards.-Immediately behind every dwelling hereafter erected there shall be, except as hereinafter provided, a rear yard extending across the entire width of the lot. Such yard shall be at every point open and unobstructed from the ground to the sky, except in the case of corner lots the rear yard may start at the top of the entrance story. Every part of such yard shall be directly accessible from every other part thereof. The depth of said yard shall be measured at right angles from the line of the extreme rear part of the dwelling toward the center of the rear lot line. In the case of an interior lot the rear yard space shall in no case be less than 15 feet deep, and 5 feet additional for each story of the dwelling on said lot above the first, except that in case there is a public alley not less than 16 feet wide in the rear of said lot upon which the lot abuts for its full width, the measurement for yard space may be made to the center of such alley. In case of a corner lot abutting on two streets, with no building facing the street upon which the lot abuts for the greater distance, the rear yard space shall in no case be less than 10 feet deep, and 5 feet additional for each story of the dwelling on said lot above the first, except that in case there is a public alley not less than 16 feet wide in the rear of said lot upon which the lot abuts for its full width, the measurement for yard space may be made to the center of such alley. In the case of a corner lot abutting on two streets, with one or more dwellings facing the street upon which the lot abuts for the greater distance, the wall parallel, or substantially parallel, to such street shall, for the purpose of this section, be deemed the rear wall of such dwelling or dwellings and the yard space between such rear wall and the line of the lot parallel or substantially parallel, to such street shall in no case be less than 6 feet for a two-story dwelling and three feet additional for each story above the second. In case of corner lots abutting on three streets, not counting the alley as a street, the rear yard need not extend across the full width of the lot but only to its median line. Any portion of a corner lot distant more than

70 feet from the corner line shall be treated as an interior lot. A front yard may be of any depth. The foregoing provisions of this section shall not apply to hotels.

SEC. 22. Side yards.-Dwellings hereafter erected may be built up to the side lot line, if the side wall is without windows. If, however, any side yard is left, it shall be at every point open and unobstructed from the ground to the sky, and its width shall be proportionate to the height of the dwelling and to the length of the side yard, and no side yard shall be less in width in any part than as follows:

(a) Multiple dwellings. In the case of all multiple dwellings hereafter erected, one story in height and having a side yard, the width of the side yard measured to the side lot shall be 4 feet; such side yard shall be increased in width by 1 foot for each additional story above the second.

(b) Private dwellings and two-family dwellings.-In the case of private dwellings and two-family dwellings hereafter erected, one story or two stories in height and having a side yard which does not exceed 60 feet in length, the width of the side yard measured to the side lot line shall be 3 feet. Such side yard shall be increased in width 1 foot for each additional story above the second, and shall be further increased in width by 1 foot for every 10 feet or fraction thereof that the length of the side yard is in excess of 60 feet. Dwellings fronting on the same street and on a portion of a lot or plot without side lines of record shall be built having a space twice the width required above between them.

SEC. 23. Courts.-The sizes of all courts in dwellings hereafter erected shall be proportionate to the height of the dwelling. No court shall be less in any part than the minimum sizes prescribed in this section. The minimum width of an outer court for a one-story dwelling shall be 5 feet, for a two-story dwelling 6 feet, for a three-story dwelling 7 feet, and shall increase 2 feet for each additional story above three stories. The least dimension of an inner court shall never be less than twice the minimum width prescribed by this section for an outer court. The length of a court, except in the case of a side yard, shall never be greater than five times its width. The width of all courts adjoining the lot line shall be measured to the lot line and not to an opposite building.

SEC. 24. Courts open at the top.-No court of a dwelling hereafter erected shall be covered by a roof or skylight. Every such court shall be at every point open from the ground to the sky unobstructed. Except that in the case of hotels, courts may start on the floor level of the lowest bedroom story, and in the case of other multiple dwellings where there are stores or shops on the lower story or stories, courts may start on the top of such lower story of stories.

SEC. 25. Air intakes. In all dwellings hereafter erected every inner court extending through more than one story shall be provided with a horizontal air intake at the bottom. Such intake shall always communicate directly with the street or with the front yard or rear yard and shall consist of a passageway not less than 3 feet wide and 7 feet high, which shall be left open or be provided with an open gate at each end.

SEC. 26. Angles in courts.-Nothing contained in the foregoing sections concerning courts shall be construed as preventing the cutting off of the corners of said courts: Provided, That the running length of the wall across the angle of such corner does not exceed 7 feet.

SEC. 27. Buildings on same lot with a dwelling.-If any building is hereafter placed on the same lot with a dwelling there shall always be maintained be

tween the said buildings an open and unoccupied space extending upward from the ground. If such buildings are placed at the side of each other the space between them shall conform to the provisions of section 22 of this code relating to side yards, but shall be twice the minimum therein required. If such buildings are placed one at the rear of the other the space between them shall be the same as that prescribed in section 21 for rear yards. In all cases the height of the highest building on the lot shall regulate the dimensions. No building of any kind shall be hereafter placed upon the same lot with a dwelling so as to decrease the minimum sizes of courts or yards as hereinbefore prescribed. No building shall hereafter be placed upon a lot so that there shall be a dwell. Ing at the rear of another building on the same lot without a frontage on a street other than an alley. A private garage or private stable may be built at the rear of a lot on which there is a dwelling at the front. Such garage or stable shall not exceed two stories in height, and may have living rooms therein for the use solely of a household employee, or member of his family, of the occupant of the dwelling on the front of the lot. If so occupied, the garage or stable in addition to complying with the provisions of this code shall have an entrance from the outside of the building without passing through the garage or stable. In case of such garages which do not exceed one story in height, the depth of the rear yard shall be measured to the middle line of the alley or to the rear lot line, as the case may be, as provided in section 22; but no such garage shall in any case approach nearer to the rear wall of the dwelling than 15 feet. In all other cases the rear yard shall be measured from the rear wall of the dwelling to the nearest wall of the building at the rear of the lot. If any dwelling is hereafter erected upon any lot upon which there is already another building, it shall comply with the provisions of this code, and in addition the space between the said building and the said dwelling shall be of such size and arranged in such manner as is prescribed in this section, the height of the highest building on the lot to regulate the dimensions.

SEC. 28. Rooms, lighting and ventilation of.-In every dwelling hereafter erected every room shall have at least one window opening directly upon the street, or a public alley or other public space at least 16 feet in width, or upon a yard or a court of the dimensions specified in this article and located on the same lot, and such window shall be so located as to properly light all portions of such rooms. This provision shall not, however, apply to rooms used as art galleries, swimming pools, gymnasiums, squash courts, or for similar purposes, provided such rooms are adequately lighted and ventilated by ventilating skylights in the roof thereof.

SEC. 29. Windows in rooms.-In every dwelling hereafter erected the total window area in each room shall be at least one-eighth of the superficial floor area of the room, and the whole window shall be made so as to open in all its parts. At least one such window shall be not less than 12 square feet in area between the stop beads. In multiple dwellings the top of at least one window shall be not less than 7 feet 6 inches above the floor.

SEC. 30. Rooms, size of.-In every dwelling hereafter erected all rooms, except water-closet compartments and bathrooms, shall be of the following minimum sizes: Every room shall contain at least 80 square feet of floor area except that kitchenettes may be 50 square feet in area; no room except kitchenettes shall be in any part less than 7 feet wide. In multiple dwellings of class A in each apartment, group, or suite of rooms there shall be at least one room containing not less than 150 square feet of floor area.

SEC. 31. Rooms, height of.-No room in a private dwelling or two-family dwelling hereafter erected shall be in any part less than 8 feet 6 inches high

from the finished floor to the finished ceiling, except that an attic room in such private and two-family dwelling need be but 8 feet 6 inches in but onehalf of its area, but at no point less than 6 feet in height. No room in a multiple dwelling hereafter erected shall be in any part less than 8 feet 6 inches high from the finished floor to the finished ceiling.

SEC. 32. Alcoves and alcove rooms. In every dwelling hereafter erected an alcove in any room shall be separately lighted and ventilated as provided for rooms in the foregoing sections. Such alcove shall be not less in area than as provided in section 30. No part of any room in a dwelling hereafter erected shall be inclosed or subdivided at any time, wholly or in part, by a curtain, portière, fixed or movable partition or other contrivance or device, unless such part of the room so inclosed or subdivided shall contain a separate window as herein required, and shall have a floor area of not less than 80 square feet, as | provided in section 30.

SEC. 33. Privacy.-In every dwelling hereafter erected, access to every living room and to every bedroom and to at least one water-closet compartment shall be had without passing through a bedroom.

SEC. 34. Water-closet compartments and bathrooms, lighting and ventilation of. In every dwelling hereafter erected, every water-closet compartment and bathroom shall have at least one window opening directly upon the street, or upon a yard or court of the dimensions specified in this article, or if located immediately beneath the roof, a ventilating skylight, open to the sky with an opening not less than 6 square feet in area in each toilet, may be used in lieu of the windows required by this section. No such window shall be less in size than 3 square feet between stop beads, and the aggregate area of windows for each water-closet compartment shall be not less than 6 square feet between stop beads. Such windows shall be so located as to properly light all portions of such compartments. Every such window shall be made so as to open in all its parts. Nothing in this section contained shall be construed so as to prohibit a general toilet room containing several water-closet compartments separated from each other by dwarf partitions, provided such toilet room is ade quately lighted and ventilated to the outer air as above provided, and that such water-closets are supplemental to the water-closet accommodations required by the provisions of section 44.

The above provision shall not apply to hotels that have a system of forced ventilation so constructed as entirely to change the air in every bathroom. toilet room or water-closet compartment, every seven minutes.

SEC. 35. Public halls.-In every dwelling hereafter erected every publle hall shall have at each story at least one window opening directly upon the street or upon a yard or court of the dimensions specified in this article and located on the same lot. Any part of a public hall which is offset or recessed more than 5 feet or is shut off from any other part of said hall shall be deemed a separate hall within the meaning of this section, and shall be separately lighted and ventilated.

SEC. 36. Windows and skylights for public halls.-In multiple dwellings hereafter erected one at least of the windows provided to light each public hall or part thereof shall have at least 12 square feet of glazed area. In every multiple dwelling hereafter erected there shall be in the roof directly over enca stair well, a skylight provided with ventilators having a minimum opening of 40 square inches, or such skylight shall be provided with fixed or movable louvres SEC. 37. Windows for stair halls, size of.-In every multiple dwelling bere after erected there shall be provided for each story at least one window to light and ventilate each stair hall which shall have at least 10 square feet of glazed area. A sash door opening to the outer air shall be deemed the equivalent of

window in this and the two foregoing sections, provided that such door contains the amount of glass surface prescribed for such windows.

SEC. 38. Outside porches.-In dwellings hereafter erected outside porches shall not be so located as to interfere with or diminish the light or ventilation required by this code. The term "outside porches" shall include outside platforms, balconies and stairways. All such outside porches shall be considered as part of the building, and not as part of the yards or courts or other unoccupied area.

ARTICLE 3. SANITATION.

SEC. 40. Cellar rooms.-In dwellings hereafter erected no room in the cellar shall be occupied for living purposes.

SEC. 41. Basement rooms.-In dwellings hereafter erected no room in the basement shall be occupied for living purposes, unless in addition to the other requirements of this code such room shall have sufficient light and ventilation, shall be well drained and dry and shall be fit for human habitation.

SEC. 42. Cellars, waterproofing and lighting.-Every dwelling hereafter erected shall have a basement, cellar, or excavated space under the entire entrance floor, at least 3 feet in depth, or shall be elevated above the ground so that there will be a clear air space of at least 24 inches between the top of the ground and the bottom of said floor so as to insure ventilation and protection from dampness. Such space shall in all cases be inclosed but provided with ample ventilation and properly drained. Every dwelling hereafter erected shall have all walls below the ground level and also the cellar or lowest floor damp proof and waterproof. When necessary to make such walls and floors damp proof and waterproof, the damp proofing and waterproofing shall run through the walls and up the same as high as the ground level and shall be continued throughout the floor, and the said cellar or lowest floor shall be properly constructed so as to prevent dampness or water from entering. All cellars and basements in dwelling hereafter erected shall be properly lighted and ventilated.

SEC. 43. Courts, areas, and yards.-In every dwelling hereafter erected, all courts, areas, and yards shall be properly graded and drained, and when required by the health officer they shall be properly concreted in whole or in part as may be appropriate.

SEC. 44. Water supply.-In every dwelling hereafter erected, there shall be a proper sink or washbowl with running water, exclusive of any sink in the cellar. In two-family dwellings and in multiple dwellings of class A there shall be such a sink or washbowl in each apartment, suite, or group of rooms.

SEC. 45. Water-closet accommodations.—In every dwelling hereafter erected there shall be a separate water-closet. Each such water-closet shall be placed in a compartment completely separated from every other water-closet; such compartment shall be not less than 3 feet wide, and shall be inclosed with partitions which shall extend to the ceiling and which shall not be of wood or other absorbent material. Every such compartment shall have a window opening directly upon the street or upon a yard or court of the minimum sizes prescribed by this code and located upon the same lot. Nothing in this section contained shall be construed so as to prohibit a general toilet room containing several water-closet compartments separated from each other by dwarf partitions, provided such toilet room is adequately lighted and ventilated to the outer air and that such water-closets are supplemental to the water-closet accommodations required by other provisions of this section for the tenants of the said house. No water-closet shall be placed out of doors. No water-closet fixtures shall be inclosed with any woodwork. No drip trays shall be permitted