AOIDS, vegetable, 19; phosphoric,
41; muriatic and sulphuric, 48;
test of bone-dust by, 158; the
production of, takes place in
every soil, 199.
Age of animals, 70.

AGRICULTURE, application of che-
mistry to, 2-11 (see Chemistry);
state of, in Saxony, 107, 108;
in North America, 300, 301.
Agricultural chemistry, 169 et seq.;
objects of, 319; recapitulatory
remarks on, 347, 348 (see Che-
mistry).
Agricultural and manufacturing
refuse to be employed for manure,
233 et seq.

Air, effect of, on soils, 272; its
relations to soil and vegetation,
337; its constituents, 337, 338;
temperature of the, 342; warmth
of the, 343.

Air and water, material agents in

putrefactive decomposition, 89.
Albumen, a nitrogenous substance,

19.

Alcohol, chemical changes of, 6.
Alkali, an important constituent
of manure, 40.

Alkalies, 21; valuable components
of the urine, 65.
Alluvial soils, 270.

Ammonia, of putrefying bodies, 25,

26, 115; substances containing,
47; experiments on the pro-
perties of, 77 et seq.; salts of,
81 n., 171-176; phosphate of,

81 n.; sulphate of, 82, 174, 175;
carbonate of, 172; chloride of,
174; muriate of, 174, 176;
humate of, 176; urate, oxalate,
and phosphate of, present in
Peruvian guano, ib.; experi-
ments with, as a manure, 354
et seq.
Ammoniacal liquor of gas-works,
value of, 173 et n.

Ammoniacal salts, 169-177, 351;
act with great rapidity and vi-
gour, 172.

Analyses of plants, 34, 35, 55, 292,

294-6; of excrements, 63, 68,
72; of urine, 64; of straw and
leaf-litter, 102; of rape-meal,
119; of artificial manures, ib.;
of bone-dust, ib.; of guano, 119,
124; of manuring salts, 120;
of bones, 141; of oil-cake, 161;
of malt-dust, 168; of corn-ma-
nure, 189; of limestone, 198; of
marl, 213; of forest litter, 246;
of soils, 290; of manure, 299;
of crops, 326.

Animal charcoal, 252.
Animal refuse, different kinds of,
employed for manure, 248-252;
for the preparation of compost,
257.

Animals, composed of chemical

substances, 4; age and employ-
ment of, 70; tending of, 71.
Arable land, soil of, 307, 312;
enrichment of, 323.
Artificial manures, importance and

valuation of, 106-119; prices-
current of, 109, 110; how they
produce their effect, 111; the
best mode of applying them, 113;
the individual substances of,
115-117; mode of determining
the price of, 118, 119; action
of, 118; superphosphate of lime,
147; phosphate of lime, 148 n.
Ashes of plants, 20.
Atmosphere, constituents of the,
28; contains all kinds of organic
food for plants, 338.

B.

Barley-seed, analysis of, 168.
Basalt, weathering of, 274.
Beech, constituents of the, 294.
Beet-root sugar-works, refuse
scum of, 247.

Blood, value of, as manure, 249,
250.

Bog-water, constituents of, 336.
Bone-black, 151.

Bone-charcoal, 153; employed for
manure, 252.

Bone-dust, its use as a manure,
34; mode of determining the
price of, 119; use of, in Ger-
many, 138; composition and
effects of, ib.; analyses of seve-
ral kinds of, 140, 141; action of,
as a manure, 141; application
of, 142; general characters of,
144; decomposed by sulphuric
acid, 146, 147, 148; prepared
from steamed bones, 149; com-
position of Strehla bone-dust,
150; converted into an excellent
substitute for guano, 152 et n. ;
tests for, 157-159.
Bone-manuring, 45.
Bones, 45; their general use in

manuring, 137, 138 et seq.;
constituents of, 139; experi-
ments on,ib.; of antediluvian ani-
mals, 143 et n.; decomposition
of, slow, 144 et seq.; sulphate
of, 147; method for the pre-

paration of, 147, 148; burnt to
whiteness, 151; sugar-refuse,
a bone-charcoal, 153; fossil,

231.

Brick-rubbish, to be employed for
manure, 238.

Building-rubbish, to be employed
for manure, 238.

C.

Carbon, 17, 18, 19, 22 et seq.;
manures rich in, 48; in food,
53.
Carbonate of lime, valuation of,
107.
Carbonic acid, its chemical pro-
perties, 22 et seq.; in drain-
ings, 81; quantities contained
in different soils, 309; a most
important admixture of the air
as regards plants, 337.
Caseine, a nitrogenous substance,

19.

Cereals, their exhaustion of soil,
308.
Charcoal-dust, employed for ma-
nure, 244.

Chemical compounds, spurious
manufacture of, 184.
Chemical elements, 5.
Chemical manures, 169 et seq., 188.
Chemical processes, 3, 30.
CHEMISTRY, first discovered as a
new science, 1; its great utility
to practical agriculture, 2 et
seq.; transmutations effected by,
3, 4; its extensive use and ge
neral application to the pur-
poses of life, 4-12; a detector of
fraud and imposture, 11; arti-
ficial manures produced by, 109
et seq.; wonderful discoveries
of, 170.

-,agricultural, objects of, 319;
recapitulatory remarks on, 347,

348.

Chili saltpetre, 179 et seq.
Chlorophyll, a nitrogenous sub-
stance, 19.

Clay, burnt, chemistry of, 238 n. ;
principal properties of, 277.
Clay-earth, constituents of, 214.
Climate suited for gypsum manure,
217.
Clover, constituents of, 295; pos-
sesses the power of absorbing
atmospheric substances, 325,
326, 329.

Coal, contains nitrogen, 172, 173;
process of converting it into
coke, 174.

Coal-ash, to be employed for ma-
nure, 237.

Combination, chemical, 5.
Combustion, guano tested by, 134;
test of bone-dust by, 159.
Compost, conversion of refuse into,
255 et seq.; refuse materials for
the preparation of, 257; funda-
mental rules for preparing, 258-
268; proportion of the different
materials, 263 et seq.; how to
remedy the smell of, 266; me-
chanical manipulations in refer-
ence to, 267.
Compost-heaps, application of
application of
drainings to, 85; materials fit
for, 242 n.; peat the basis of,
343 n.; Mr. Fleming's pre-
paration of, ib.
Constituents, proximate and ulti-

mate, 14; inorganic, 19, 27;
organic, 19; mineral, 21; of
plants, 14 et seq., 22, 27, 29;
of food, 55, 56; of animal ex-
crements, 63 et seq.; of guano,
124-127; of bones, 139, 140;
of manure, 35 et seq.; nitrogen,
36; humus, 39; alkalies, 40;
salts of soda, 41; phosphoric
acid, ib.; lime and magnesia,
42; silica, 43; classification of
the, 47.

Coprolites, 155 n.; many beds of,
discovered, 232, 233.
Corn-manure, composition of, 189.
Couch-grass, employed for manure,
242.

Cows, excrements of, 66, 68.

Croydon water-works, 368.
Cultivation, excess of, tends to
impoverish the soil, 317; ex-
periments on, 348.

D.

Decay, process of, in animal sub-
stances, 90; of soils, causes of,
272.
Decomposition, chemical, 5; of
animal substances, 89, 90; of
bones, 144 et seq.; of soils,

270.

Dextrine, a substance destitute of
nitrogen, 19.

Dolomitic limestone, 208.
Draining, 32; advantages resulting
from, 331.

Drainings, great advantages of, 74-
86; experiments in, 77 et seq.;
on the rational treatment of, 84;
their application to compost-
heaps, 85.

Drying, guano tested by, 134; test
of bone-dust by, 158.
Dung-heap, preparation and pre-
servation of the, 96-99.
Dung-pit, of primary importance,
96; on the proper formation of
the, 96, 97.

E.

Earthy compounds, 21; different
kinds of, employed for manure,
236-242; for the preparation of
compost, 257.

Elementary substances, 5.
Elements, chemical, of plants, 14
et seq.

Excrements, animal, their beneficial
influence on vegetable growth,
50-73; origin of, 52; constitu-
ents of, and their value as manure,
63 et seq.; of cows and horses,
66, 68; of sheep and swine, 67,
68; human, 72; the various cir-
cumstances which contribute to
the quantity and excellence of
69-71.

Experiments, great value of, 348,
349; on the comparative effi-
ciency of manures, 354.

F.

Fæces, animal, origin of, 52.
Fairy-rings, 364.
Fallow crops, 364.
Farm-yard manure, experiments
with, 355 et seq.

Fat, destitute of nitrogen, 19.
Fattening foods, 61 n.
Felspar, experiments on, 202;
principal properties of, 278.
Fermentation, 88; rotting, &c. ne-
cessary to the promotion of,
259-263.

Fibre, vegetable, 19, 39.
Fodder, composition and digesti-
bility of, 69.

Food of plants, 22, 289-298, 346;
of animals, 52; its passage
through the body, 52; the dif-
ferent constituents of, 55, 56;
various kinds of, 69; amount of
water in the articles of, 70.
Forestry, impoverishment of soil
in, 302, 306.
Fossil bones, 143; their applica-
tion as manure, 231.
Fruits, enrichment of the soil of,
320.

Fungi, valuable as manure, 248.

Grass, application of guano to, 133.
Green crops, application of guano
to, ib.

Growth of plants, increased by
manuring, 31.

Guano, mode of determining the
price of, 119; its great import-
ance in agriculture, 120; sources
and constituents of, 121, 124-
· 127; analyses of, 124, 125;
adulterated, 125; operation and
application of, 127, 131; the
various tests of, 133-137; the
best sources for obtaining it, 137;
bone-dust rendered a substitute
for, 152 et n.; Johnstone's
recipe for an artificial kind of,
191 m.; nitrogen and phos-
phorus the principal constitu-
ents of, 298; important results
of, in Peru, 298.

Gum, destitute of nitrogen, 19.
Gypsum, its use as a manure, 33,
215 et seq.; constituents of, 43;
used for adulterating guano, 127;
agricultural experiments on, and
the effect of manuring with, 216-
219; properties and mode of ac-
tion of, 220; constituents of, ib. ;
acts chiefly through the sul-
phuric acid, 221-226; its che-
mical changes, 225, 226.

H.

Hair, employed for manure, 251.
Harrowing, 32.
Hartshorn, properties of, 26, 38;
experiments with, 78, 79.
Heat, evolution of, in every animal
body, 54; generated by chemical
processes, 89; its relations to
soil and vegetation, 339 et seq.;
different degrees of, which the
soil derives from the sun's rays,
339-342; radiation of, 341, 342.
Heat and cold, effect of, on soils,
272.
Herbivorous animals, excrements
and urine of, 65.