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foods, drugs, and cosmetics would seem to be as important as legal or political qualification.

We are also in doubt as to the disinterestedness of inspectors paid even indirectly by manufacturing concerns and doubt the wisdom of plunging food manufacture and control into such a bureaucratic maze as is suggested by section 22 of the proposed act. Some licensing system, however, for manufacturers suggests itself as a means of insuring that there be adequate technical training and care in the production of foods, drugs, and cosmetics.

It would be well to provide for a series of Government (Federal) bulletins which would report upon the most sought-after foods, drugs, and cosmeticshonestly, either favorably or unfavorably as investigation would require.

We do not wish you to consider that we feel that we have given you a complete résumé of all the provisions in the bill which should be altered in the direction of clearness. For the sake of brevity, however, we are sending only this memorandum which we will be glad to supplement if it seems desirable.

Any measures which serve to protect the consumer and make it impossible for him to tell what he is buying and to depend upon the truth of claims set forth in advertising, labels, or any literature pertaining to products needed for his daily living, should be of distinct value. This group therefore recommends the passage of this bill with the alterations as previously indicated.

We, as individuals, have studied the proposed act and have drawn up the preceding memorandum.

Agnes Fay Morgan, professor of household science; Florence A. Armstrong, assistant professor of household science; Ruth Okey, associate professor of household science; Emid A. Bunting, assistant professor of economics; Frances B. Peixott, professor of social economics; Harriet G. Eddy, assistant professor of agricultural extension; May Secrest, assistant State home demonstration leader; Mary F. Patterson, associate professor of household art and design; Lila M. O'Neale, associate professor of household art; Irene Sanborn Hall, instructor in household science.

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES ASSOCIATION OF FOOD, DAIRY, DRUG, AND FEED OFFICIALS, 1933

Whereas the enforcement of the Federal Food and Drugs Act has revealed many deficiencies in its provisions through which many serious abuses of the public health and the consumer's purse have arisen; and

Whereas the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture with the approval of the President of the United States has prepared a bill which was introduced in Congress by Senator Copeland as Senate bill 1944, which is designed to correct these abuses by strengthening and extending the present law; and

Whereas the officials of the North Central States Association have used their best efforts in safeguarding the purity and truthful labeling of foods and drugs in their respective states: Therefore be it

Resolved, That the North Central States Association endorse Senate bill 1944 and that every effort be made to secure the passage of this bill in the forthcoming session of Congress. Approved.

GUY G. FRARY, State Chemist, South Dakota.

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES ASSOCIATION of Food, DAIRY, DRUG, AND FEED OFFICIALS, 1933

Whereas the enforcement of the Federal Food and Drugs Act has revealed many deficiencies in its provisions through which many serious abuses of the public health and the consumer's purse have arisen; and

Whereas the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture with the approval of the President of the United States has prepared a bill which was introduced in Congress by Senator Copeland as Senate bill 1944, which is designed to correct these abuses by strengthening and extending the present law; and

Whereas the officials of the North Central States Association have used their best efforts in safeguarding the purity and truthful labeling of foods and drugs in their respective states: Therefore be it

Resolved, That the North Central States Association endorse Senate bill 1944 and that every effort be made to secure the passage of this bill in the forthcoming session of Congress. Approved.

SOUTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
T. O. RONAYNE, Chief Inspector.

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES ASSOCIATION OF FOOD, Dairy, Drug, AND FEED OFFICIALS, 1933

Whereas the enforcement of the Federal Food and Drugs Act has revealed many deficiencies in its provisions through which many serious abuses of the public health and the consumer's purse have arisen; and

Whereas the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture with the approval of the President of the United States has prepared a bill which was introduced in Congress by Senator Copeland as Senate bill 1944, which is designed to correct these abuses by strengthening and extending the present law; and

Whereas the officials of the North Central States Association have used their best efforts in safeguarding the purity and truthful labeling of foods and drugs in their respective States: Therefore be it

Resolved, That the North Central States Association endorse Senate bill 1944 and that every effort be made to secure the passage of this bill in the forthcoming session of Congress. Approved,

C. S. LADD,

North Dakota Food Commissioner and Chemist.

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES ASSOCIATION OF FOOD, FAIRY, DRUG, AND FEED OFFICIALS, 1933

Whereas the enforcement of the Federal Food and Drugs Act has revealed many deficiencies in its provisions through which many serious abuses of the public health and the consumer's purse have arisen; and

Whereas the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture with the approval of the President of the United States has prepared a bill which was introduced in Congress by Senator Copeland as Senate bill 1944, which is designed to correct these abuses by strengthening and extending the present law; and

Whereas the officials of the North Central States Association have used their best efforts in safeguarding the purity and truthful labeling of foods and drugs in their respective States: Therefore be it

Resolved, That the North Central States Association endorse Senate Bill 1944 and that every effort be made to secure the passage of this bill in the forthcoming session of Congress.

Approved.

W. H. McGAFFIN, Acting Director.

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES ASSOCIATION OF FOOD, DAIRY, DRUG, AND FEED OFFICIALS, 1933

Whereas the enforcement of the Federal Food and Drugs Act has revealed many deficiencies in its provisions through which many serious abuses of the public health and the consumer's purse have arisen; and

Whereas, the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture with the approval of the President of the United States has prepared a bill which was introduced in Congress by Senator Copeland as Senate bill 1944, which is designed to correct these abuses by strengthening and extending the present law; and

Whereas, the officials of the North Central States Association have used their best efforts in safeguarding the purity and truthful labeling of foods and drugs in their respective States: Therefore be it

Resolved, That the North Central States Association endorse Senate bill 1944 and that every effort be made to secure the passage of this bill in the forthcoming session of Congress. Approved.

EARLE G. BROWN, M.D., Secretary and Executive Officer Kansas State Board of Health.

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES ASSOCIATION OF FOOD, Dairy, Drug, AND FEED OFFICIALS, 1933

Whereas, the enforcement of the Federal Food and Drugs Act has revealed many deficiencies in its provisions through which many serious abuses of the public health and the consumer's purse have arisen; and

Whereas, the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture with the approval of the President of the United States has prepared a bill which was introduced in congress by Senator Copeland as Senate bill 1944, which is designed to correct these abuses by strengthening and extending the present law; and

Whereas, the officials of the North Central States Association have used their best efforts in safeguarding the purity and truthful labeling of foods and drugs in their respective states: Therefore, be it

Resolved, That the North Central States Association endorse Senate bill 1944 and that every effort be made to secure the passage of this bill in the forthcoming session of Congress.

Approved.

HENRY HOFFMAN, Jr.,

Minnesota.

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES ASSOCIATION OF FOOD Dairy, Drug, and Feed OffICIALS, 1933

Whereas the enforcement of the Federal Food and Drugs Act has revealed many deficiencies in its provisions through which many serious abuses of the public health and the consumer's purse have arisen; and

Whereas the Food and Drugs Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture with the approval of the President of the United States has prepared a bill which was introduced in Congress by Senator Copeland as Senate bill 1944, which is designed to correct these abuses by strengthening and extending the present law; and

Whereas the officials of the North Central States Association have used their best efforts in safeguarding the purity and truthful labeling of foods and drugs in their respective States: Therefore be it

Resolved, That the North Central States Association endorse Senate bill 1944 and that every effort be made to secure the passage of this bill in the forthcoming session of Congress. Approved.

E. L. REDFERN,

Chief Chemist, Department of Agriculture.

BRIEF OF E. J. LEVER, PRESIDENT COOPERATIVE DISTRIBUTORS, INC. As a National Cooperative Association owned and operated by ultimate consumers for their protection in a profit-motivated market, we believe that no permanent and continuous protection can be secured for consumers unless and until consumers are organized to supply themselves with the necessities of life and thereby remove the major problems this bill is intended to regulate.

Since complete consumer organization and social ownership is not yet attained, we are in favor of the proposed bill in spite of its limitations.

The time has arrived when Congress should provide some real protection to wage earners, farmers, and salaried people, as consumers of foods and drugs, in addition to their general protection as producers in industry.

The sale of goods or services to consumers is the only thing that gives those industries economic value. In the absence of consumer control, if private industry will not adequately, safely, and equitably supply consumer needs, the principle of governmental regulation must be applied. Experience in other fields proves that Government regulation tends to protect the consumers' safety, health, and income.

II

Opponents of the bill object to several of its provisions, especially those parts which empower the Secretary of Agriculture, a Cabinet officer, to regulate the future standards and conduct in the manufacture, advertisement, and sale of those products. But the law of 1906, which this is to replace, does specify the methods of manufacture and sale of foods and drugs. It is the circumvention of the provisions of that act that this bill is intended to meet, since processors and sellers have violated all human decency in their operations for private gain, of which convincing evidence is presented by the sponsors and other supporters of the bill.

All consumers need such protection. A minority have the means for proper medical care and thereby avoid the necessity of self-medication to a large extent. But, for lack of income, proper medical care is, however, not available to the overwhelming majority of workers, farmers, and their families. They are, therefore, compelled to fall back on self-medication. This tragic state of affairs makes them easy victims of unscrupulous manufacturers, advertisers, and vendors of adulterated foods and of quack medicines and cure-alls. This bill will afford some measure of protection to these millions of consumers, whose welfare should be the Government's greatest concern.

No subtlety is required to realize that possible loss of profits is the greatest fear of opponents of this bill-not the possible loss of jobs of their employees. The issue is presented squarely to Congress whether it shall be possible loss of profit for the few, or loss of health and even life to millions of consumers. Respectfully submitted.

COOPERATIVE DISTRIBUTORS, INC.,
E. J. LEVER, President.

J. J. SCHALET, Secretary.

Senator ROYAL S. COPELAND,

TRI-STATE PACKERS' ASSOCIATION, INC.,

Easton, Md., December 16, 1933.

United States Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. MY DEAR SENATOR COPELAND: We wish to get before you and the subcommittee which conducted hearings on Senate bill 1944 the fact that the Tri-State Packers' Association is heartily in favor of the bill as it relates to canned foods. We make no pretense whatever on passing judgment on the bill as it relates to drugs and cosmetics. At our twenty-ninth annual convention held in Philadelphia this week the following resolution pertaining to the statement of grades of quality on canned foods labels was unanimously passed.

Resolved, That this association go on record as favoring the use by its members of more descriptive and informative labels and that we particularly recommend the use of grade designations A, B, and C as now defined feeling that not until the consumer can buy our products intelligently and with confidence will this industry enjoy the increased consumption and greater consumer preference to which it is entitled by the high quality of its products."

We are particularly anxious to get this action of the Tri-State Association before you in view of the opposition to grades of quality above substandard registered with your committee by the National Canners' Association. In fact, many of their members are now labeling their products with the grade designations "A", "B", and "C." In fact, it is customary in quoting canned fruits and vegetables to make the quotatoins by grades. Always quotations are designated at certain prices for Fancy, Choice or Extra Standard, and Standard grade. Insofar as groups of canners report sales, shipments, or stocks of canned foods these reports are invariably by grades. Confirming this statement I am enclosing a few sample reports. This all indicates that no hardship would be placed upon the canning industry by such regulations or requirements as might be brought about through the proposed bill

Very truly yours,

F. M. SHOOK, Field Secretary.

ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK STATE CANNERS, INC., ROCHESTER, N.Y.
New York stocks of green and wax beans, July 1, 1933

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Wisconsin Canners Association sales report for period Dec. 2 to Dec. 9, 1933, 26

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