must be against the transportation company, the shipper not to suffer in any way by reason of such delay. 13. If for any reason it becomes necessary for the shipper to divert the carload shipment to any point, he shall not be held responsible for the non-arrival at destination of any goods included in the car for the packer. 14. Upon shipment of the car by the shipper, the receipt on the obverse side hereof shall be issued immediately, said receipt to bear same date as bill of lading of shipper's car. 15. In the case of export shipment where export declaration is required, packer shall furnish the shipper with prices for export declaration. The packer to whom the receipt is given uses it in lieu of a bill of lading when he draws on the buyer through his bank; attaching the receipt to the documents presented to the bank. Box Making Department The box making department should be located on the second floor of the warehouse. This department is under the jurisdiction of the warehouse foreman and will be in charge of the box maker. All shook should be stored in the box factory. The labor of the box factory will be charged to the various sizes of boxes made. The time cards must show the size of box made and will also be divided into the following classifications: "Printing Boxes"; "Unloading Shook"; "Making Boxes" and "Repairing Boxes." The labor engaged in printing or branding boxes is charged to printing, the labor of unloading cars of box shook, trucking it to the box factory and piling it up should be charged to unloading shook; all labor repairing new boxes should be charged to repairing boxes. Making new boxes is usually done under a contract at a price per hundred, and is, usually, not reported on the time cards but is figured by the warehouse foreman who makes a weekly report to the cost department and the timekeeper. The Power Plant The power plant is a very important unit of the factory though the one requiring the least attention. Put a conscientious engineer in charge with a good night man as an assistant and this department will give a good account of itself. The power plants of the more modern factories are housed in separate brick or concrete buildings, built slightly away from the main buildings. There should be at least 500 horsepower in the boilers of a 350,000-case plant and 600 is much better. The power plant should be equipped with automatic regulating devices for the control of steam. The Merit System of Control is highly recommended. There should be a plentiful supply of pure water. One or more deep bored wells, electric pumps and water tower with tank of 60,000gallon capacity is required. City water should always be available if within reach. The capacity of the oil tank will depend on the proximity to the source of supply. If oil can be secured on very short notice a 20,000-gallon tank will be sufficient but if the plant is located at considerable distance from the source of supply, the capacity should be three times this and a great deal of attention should be given to the supply. The engineer will make a daily report of the operations of the engine room showing the hours run, the amount of oil, water and electric power consumed. He will hand this report to the tally clerk who will in turn hand it to the cost department. The engineer should never be allowed to leave the engine room unless the night man or an assistant is in charge. This rule should be rigidly enforced. The labor of the engine room will be classified as power plant labor and power plant expense and should be charged to power plant expense in the general accounts, but will be on the power plant time card. The form of the power plant report will be as follows: Size of report 5 by 7 inches. Titled across the top, "Power Plant Report," and date following. Then "Steam up "Steam off to report the time of getting up steam in the morning and shutting it off at night. Then, "Hours To denote the number of hours steam was available. Under the heading, "Fuel Oil," will be "Gallons Carried Over," to denote the number of gallons carried over from the day before. "Gallons Received," for the number of gallons received during the day. These two quantities to be added together then; "Gallons on Hand," to denote the number of gallons on hand at the time of shutting off steam. This quantity deducted from the quantity available will be the "Gallons Used to Day." "Gallons per Case," will be used to record the number of gallons of fuel oil used per case of plant production for the day. This quantity will be figured by the tally clerk. Under the heading "Water," will be "Used from Wells,' to record the quantity of water, in gallons, taken from the company's own wells. "Purchased" to record the quantity, in gallons of water purchased from a public utility corporation. It will be necessary to install a meter for the purpose of determining the quantity taken from the wells. Under the heading "Electric Power," will be "Meter to Day," for recording the last reading made. "Last Reading,' for recording the previous reading, and this quantity deducted from the former will give "Consumed to Day.' Under the heading "Gas," will be the same readings as for electric power and will be treated in the same manner. Then "Cases Packed," to record the number of cases of production for the day will complete the power plant report. Air leaks in the boiler setting can be calked up with a mixture of fire clay and asbestos moistened with a little heavy fuel oil. The United States Fuel Administration issued a card of instructions to owners and operators, during the war which contained some valuable suggestions and is reprinted here as follows: OWNER'S PLEDGE 1. Install recording instruments; they make possible an accurate knowledge of plant operations, and will pay for themselves. 2. Institute bonus system of firing contingent on minimum CO, reading from flue gas analysis. 3. Do not be misled by efficient boiler performance into regarding your entire plant efficient. The greatest losses occur in utilization of steam and the heat of the steam should be conserved to the fullest extent by the efficient operation and selection of machinery. 4. Chart daily plant performance. 5. The installation of feed water heaters, economizers and super-heaters for regenerating waste heat where possible, are strongly recommended and will pay dividends. 6. The insulation of steam piping. 7. Recovery of latent heat from exhaust steam. 9. Do not use boiler compounds where outside treating plants are feasible. 10. Adopt a burner to meet your furnace requirements. 11. Determine proper temperature to heat fuel oil for viscosity permitting maximum burner capacity. Do not heat above this. 12. Efficient plants evaporate 14-16 pounds water (from and at 212°). Does yours? Thermal efficiency of 74-84%. 13. Recognize the value of the fuel engineer in the economical operation of your plant. 14. Study the pamphlet issued by this administration on application. OPERATOR'S PLEDGE 1. Watch air admission-a hazy stack ordinarily indicates more economic conditions than does a clear stack. 2. Get CO, reading on flue gas, if possible, to determine position of air and stack dampers for different operating conditions. 3. Remember forced firing means high stack temperatures and consequent waste. 4. Systematically clean boilers and settings. No boiler is an efficient steamer when fired through sooty or scaled tubes. 5. Remember it requires 18-20 hours to heat boiler settings to their maximum temperature. Avoid unnecessary shut-downs. 6. Study pamphlet issued by this administration on application. 7. Welcome the bonus system of firing, as it puts the matter of firing on a business basis. 8. Watch steam requirements by main machinery, immense wastes are attributable to radiation, friction and condensation in the utilization of steam. 9. Regulate the feed water to uniformity where possible. 10. Save exhaust steam and recover the latent heat from it. 11. Note the furnace condition, if heating surfaces are too close to the fire proper combustion is not possible. 12. Do not overheat fuel oil. The point where the viscosity allows maximum capacity of burner is the proper point. 13. Be sure your plant records are accurate for your own protection. 14. Watch the boiler setting for possible air leaks. 15. Co-operate with your employer in this campaign, it means more money for both of you and is a patriotic act of conservation. The Factory Laboratory Every canned goods factory should maintain a chemical laboratory. It need not be an elaborate affair, but should be well equipped with the best equipment that can be bought. This is particularly true in those plants where tomato products are prepared. In the case of tomato purée, catsup and Italian paste, every batch prepared should undergo a chemical analysis to determine the specific gravity, yeast and spores, bacteria, and field molds. Each batch is then given a number, a record made of analysis and each lot stacked in the warehouse by itself. It will then be easy to determine the analysis of any lot shipped by simply referring to the number of the lot in the chemists record book. The Government, during the war, set the standard for tomato products, as follows: Specific gravity, 1.035; yeast and spores 125 per onesixtieth c.mm.; bacteria, 100,000,000 per c.c.; field molds, 66 per cent. These are very liberal allowances. The specific gravity is standard. Yeast and spores should not exceed 50 per one-sixtieth c.mm., and bacteria should be kept well 25,000,000 per c.c., and field molds should be under 40 per cent. If field molds run over 60 per cent the product should always be stored separately in the warehouse and sold as seconds. under It will only be necessary to employ the chemist for a period of from two to three months per year during the tomato packing season. This will be an expense of from $400 to $600 per season and will be money well spent. |