3. Teacher. Eugene, have you studied your lessons? Eugene. I have studied all my lessons.

Special Analysis. You names the actor, and is used as the personator of the subject, Eugene. It is a personator; because, etc. Your names a subordinate idea, and is used to personate Eugene's, an adjunct of lessons.

I names the actor, and is used as the personator of the subject, Eugene.

My names a subordinate idea, and is used to personate Eugene's, an adjunct word of lessons.

103. Personators, according to their formation, are Simple, and Compound.

104. A SIMPLE Personator is a single word.

105. A COMPOUND Personator is a Simple Personator with one of the suffixes, SELF, SELVES, OWN.

4. The man, himself, was the partner of his wife's uncle. 5. We are fully determined to make our own laws. 6. We, the people of Binghamton, do most respectfully petition your honorable body.

7. Are you all in your places? We are all in our places. 8. Are they correct in their opinions of themselves?

9. A part of your apples have been put into the box with mine.

10. Do I attend to my business? Dost thou attend to thy business? Does he attend to his business? Do they attend to their business?

11. We shall be rejoicing with them. They shall be evermore praising thee.

12. Your harps, ye trembling saints, down from the willows take.

13. Redoubled be her tears; its cords are riven. It softened men of iron mould.

N. B.-The student may now study the examples in the Table, given on the next page. It will be well to make this Table very familiar.

The following table shows what words of the English language are used as Personators, and their uses or offices in the sentence ;

TABLE OF PERSONATORS.

I. PERSONATORS OF THE NAMES OF NARRATORS.

Simple Personators.

1. Narrator. I have before me a part of my books. A part of mine may be a part of me.

2. Narrators. We have before us a part of our books. A part of ours may be a part of us.

Compound Personators.

3. Narrator. I, myself, have before myself a part of my own books, or a part of mine own books. A part of my own, or a part of mine own may be a part of myself.

4. Narrators. We, ourselves, have before ourselves a part of our own books. A part of our own may be a part of our selves.

II. PERSONATORS OF THE NAMES OF NARRATEES.

Simple Personators.

5. Narratee. Thou hast before thee a part of thy books. A part of thine may be a part of thee; or,

6. Narratee. You have before you a part of your books. A part of yours may be a part of

you.

7. Narratees. Ye or you have before you a part of your books. A part of yours may be a part of you.

Compound Personators.

8. Narratee. Thou, thyself, hast before thyself a part of thy own, or a part of thine own books. A part of thine own may be part of thyself; or,

9. Narratee. You, yourself, have before yourself a part of your own books. A part of your own may be a part of yourself. 10. Narratees. Ye or you, yourselves, have before yourselves a part of your own books. A part of your own may be a part of yourselves.

III. PERSONATORS OF NAMES BELONGING NEITHER TO NARRATORS NOR TO NARRATEES.

Simple Personators.

11. Narration, about a Boy. He has before him a part of his books. A part of his may be a part of him.

12. Narration, about a Girl. She has before her a part of her books. A part of hers may be a part of her.

13. Narration, about a Book. It has in it a part of its leaves. A part of its leaves may be a part of it.

14. Narration, about Boys and Girls. They have before them a part of their books. A part of theirs may be a part of them.

15. Narration, about Books. They have in them parts of their leaves. A part of theirs may be a part of them.

Compound Personators.

16. N., about a Boy. He, himself, has before himself a part of his own books. A part of his own may be a part of himself. 17. N., about a Girl. She, herself, has before herself a part of her own books. A part of her own may be a part of herself. 18. N., about a Book. The book, itself, has in itself a part of its own leaves. A part of itself may be a part of itself.

19. N., about Boys and Girls. They, themselves, have before themselves a part of their own books. A part of their own may be a part of themselves.

20. N., about Books. The books, themselves, have in themselves parts of their own leaves. A part of their own may be a part of themselves.

NOTE III. Personators are sometimes used as Inceptives or Incep tively, and sometimes as Expletives or Expletively.

14. How lightly she trips it o'er the lawn.

15. 'Tis sweet to hear the sound of Adria's gondolier. 16. Play-actors are personators of historic characters. 17. The most successful personators of Shakspeare's char acters are called the best actors.

18. A person's spirit is the inhabitant of that person's body.

19. Personators personate other words

Incorrect Uses of Personators.

FIRST ERROR. The first error in the use of Personators, is the attempt to use a personator as an adjunct; as, them men, them horses, them things; for, those men, those horses, those things.

SECOND ERROR. Placing a Personating word between a subject and its predicate; as, Mary, she said it; the tree, it grows; for, Mary said it, the tree grows, etc.

THIRD ERROR. Using a personator when it is neither more convenient nor euphonious than its antecedent. In these instances, the Personator frequently renders the expression ambiguous.

20. Teacher. What is the Earth?

Pupil. It is the planet, etc., meaning the Earth is the planet, etc.

FOURTH ERROR.

Usage, no matter how prevalent, no matter how ancient, can ever sanction or even make good the expression, it is me; because, we must not say me is it, as the equivalent of I am it, or its equivalent, it is I. (See Grammar, Cases of Subjects.)

21. Was it I?

I? It is I.

It was I. Can it be? It can be. Is it

Exclamatives.

LIT DEF. The word, exclamative,1 means like that which calls out. 106. An EXCLAMATIVE is a Word, or a Phrase, expressing an idea, or a group, accompanied by a passion or emotion; and, when used with a sentence, shows that the narrator's passions or emotions are excited by the narration.

NOTE I. Exclamatives are sometimes called Interjections, and sometimes, Ejaculations.

NOTE II. When the Exclamative is prompted by a real feeling, emotion or passion, it is a very effective part of speech; but, when feigned, or too often used, it loses its force, and becomes tiresome.

EXAMPLES.

1. Oh, that mine enemy had done this thing!

Special Analysis. Oh, essentially, is a strong desire or wish. Rhetcrically, Oh is used to show the feeling which the narration excites in the narrator.

2. Star of the twilight! Beautiful star!

Special Analysis. Star of the twilight! is an exclamative phrase, showing that the star is addressed by the narrator. (See Chap. V., Figurative language, Personification.) Its principal word is star; its adjunctive words, the, twilight; its word of relation, of

NOTE III. The Exclamative is usually analyzed by simply stating the kind of emotion, etc., which it expresses; but, each word of an Exclamative phrase should be analyzed as if the expression were not an Exclamative.

3. The boy exclaimed, "O dear! O dear!"

4. The exclamations, "Oh!" "Ah!" escaped from each hearer.

5. "What a wretch!" I exclaimed.

6. The mother repeated the simple exclamation, there! there! there!

1 EXCLAMATIVE. ative, ; clam, calls, shouts; ex, out.