CHAPTER IV. Division of the Speculative Branch of Natural Philosophy into Physics and Metaphysics. Physics relate to the Investigation of Efficient Causes and Matter; Metaphysics to that of Final Causes and the Form. Division of Physics into the Sciences of the Principles of Things, the Structure of Things, and the Variety of Things. Division of Physics in relation to the Variety of Things into Abstract and Concrete. Division of Concretes agrees with the Distribution of the Parts of Natural History. Division of Abstracts into the Doctrine of Material Forms and Motion. Appendix of Speculative Physics twofold: viz., Natural Problems and the Opinions of Ancient Philosophers. Metaphysics divided into the Knowledge of Forms and the Doctrine of Final Causes. CHAPTER V. Division of the Practical Branch of Natural Philosophy into Mechanics and Magic (Experimental Philosophy), which correspond to the Speculative Division-Mechanics to Physics, and Magic to Metaphysics. The word Magic cleared from False Interpretation. Appendix to Active Science twofold: viz., an Inventory of Human Helps and a Catalogue of Things of Multifarious Use. CHAPTER VI. The Great Appendix of Natural Philosophy both Speculative and Practical. Mathematics. Its Proper Position not among the Substantial Sciences, but in their Appendix. Mathematics divided into Pure and Mixed. BOOK IV. CHAPTER I. Division of the Knowledge of Man into Human and Civil Philosophy. Human Philosophy divided into the Doctrine of the Body and Soul. The Construction of one General Science, including the Nature and State of Man. The latter divided into the Doctrine of the Human Person and the Connection of the Soul with the Body. Division of the Doctrine of the Person of Man into that of his Miseries and Prerogatives. Division of the Relations between the Soul and the Body into the Doctrines of Indications and Impressions. Physiognomy and the Interpretation of Dreams assigned to the Doctrine of Indications. CHAPTER II. Division of the Knowledge of the Human Body into the Medicinal, Cosmetic, Athletic and the Voluptuary Arts. Division of Medicine into Three Functions: viz., the Preservation of Health, the Cure of Diseases, and the Prolongation of Life. The last distinct from the two former. CHAPTER III. Division of the Doctrine of the Human Soul into that of the Inspired Essence and the Knowledge of the Sensible or Produced Soul. Second Division of the same philosophy into the Doctrine of the Substance and the Faculties of the Soul. The Use and Objects of the latter. Two Appendices to the Doctrine of the Faculties of the Soul: viz., Natural Divination and Fascination (Mesmerism). The Faculties of the Sensible Soul divided into those of Motion and Sense. BOOK V. CHAPTER I. Division of the Use and Objects of the Faculties of the Soul into Logic and Ethics. Division of Logic into the Arts of Invention, Judgment, Memory, and Tradition. CHAPTER II. Division of Invention into the Invention of Arts and Arguments. The former, though the more important of them, is wanting. Division_of the Invention of Arts into Literate (Instructed) Experience and a New Method (Novum Organum). An Illustration of Literate Experience. CHAPTER III. Division of the Invention of Arguments into Promptuary, or Places of Preparation, and Topical, or Places of Suggestion. The Division of Topics into General and Particular. An Example of Particular Topics afforded by an Inquiry into the Nature of the Qualities of Light and Heavy. CHAPTER IV. The Art of Judgment divided into Induction and the Syllogism. Induction developed in the Novum Organum. The Syllogism divided into Direct and Inverse Reduction. Inverse Reduction divided into the Doctrine of Analytics and Confutations. The Division of the latter into Confutations of Sophisms, the Unmasking of Vulgarisms (EquiVocal Terms), and the Destruction of Delusive Images or Idols. Delusive Appearances divided into Idola Tribús, Idola Specûs, and Idola Fori. Appendix to the Art of Judgment. The Adapting the Demonstration to the Nature of the Subject. CHAPTER V. Division of the Retentive Art into the Aids of the Memory and the Nature of the Memory itself. Division of the Doctrine of Memory into Prenotion and Emblem. Division of Tradition into the Doctrine of the Organ, the Method and the Illustration of Speech. The Organ of Speech divided into the Knowledge of the Marks of Things, of Speaking, and Writing. The two last comprise the two Branches of Grammar. The Marks of Things divided into Hieroglyphics and Real Characters. Grammar again divided into Literary and Philosophical. Prosody referred to the Doctrine of Speech and Ciphers to the Department of Writing. Method of Speech includes a Wide Part of Tradition. Styled the Wisdom of Delivery. Various kinds of Methods enumerated. Their The Grounds and Functions of Rhetoric. Three Appendices which belong only to the Preparatory Part, viz., the Colours of Good and Evil, both simple and composed; the Antithesis of Things (the pro and con. of General Questions); the Minor Forms of Speech (the Elaboration of Exordiums, Perorations, and Leading Arguments). Ethics divided into the Doctrine of Models and the Georgics (Culture) of the Mind. Division of Models into the Absolute and Comparativ Division of Individual Good into Active and Passive. That of Passive Good into Conservative and Perfective. Good of the Commonwealth The Culture of the Mind divided into the Knowledge of Characteristic BOOK VIII. CHAPTER I. Civil Knowledge divided into the Art of Conversation, the Art of Neg tiation, and the Art of State Policy. CHAPTER II. The Art of Negotiation divided into the Knowledge of Dispersed Occ: sions (Conduct in Particular Emergencies), and into the Science Rising in Life. Examples of the former drawn from Solomon. Pr cepts relating to Self-advancement. CHAPTER III. The Arts of Empire or State Policy omitted. Two Deficiencies alon noticed. The Art of Enlarging the Bounds of Empire, and th Knowledge of Universal Justice drawn from the Fountains of Law. BOOK IX. The Compartments of Theology omitted. Three Deficiencies pointe out. The Right Use of Reason in Matters of Faith. The Know ledge of the Degrees of Unity in the City of God. The Emanation of the Holy Scriptures. ON THE DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING. FIRST BOOK. The Different Objections to Learning stated and confuted; its Dignity and Merit maintained. TO THE KING. As under the old law, most excellent king, there were daily sacrifices and free oblations the one arising out of ritual observance, and the other from a pious generosity, so I deem that all faithful subjects owe their kings a double tribute of affection and duty. In the first I hope I shall never be found deficient, but as regards the latter, though doubtful of the worthiness of my choice, I thought it more befitting to tender to your Majesty that service which rather refers to the excellence of your individual person than to the business of the state. In bearing your Majesty in mind, as is frequently my custom and duty, I have been often struck with admiration, apart from your other gifts of virtue and fortune, at the surprising development of that part of your nature which philosophers call intellectual. The deep and broad capacity of your mind, the grasp of your memory, the quickness of your apprehension, the penetration of your judgment, your lucid method of arrangement, and easy facility of speech:at such extraordinary endowments I am forcibly reminded of the saying of Plato, "that all science is but remembrance," and that the human mind is originally imbued with all knowledge; that which she seems adventitiously to acquire in life being nothing more than a return to her first conceptions, which had been overlaid by the grossness of the • See Numb. xxviii. 23; Levit. xxii. 18. • Plato's Phædo, i. 72 (Steph.); Theat. i. 166, 191; Menon, ii. 81; and Aristot. de Memor. 2. |