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Anatomy, imperfectly studied in ancient
times, vi. 149.

Anbar, conquest of vi. 9, note.
Anchialus, a town of Thrace, spared by
Baian, chagan of the Avars, v. 156. The
emperor Maurice marches there, 157.
Ancona, sieges of, by Frederic Barbarossa,
and the archbishop of Mentz, vi. 349.
Ancyra, now Angora, the marble of, i. 138.
Council of, ii. 64. Taken by the Persians,
v. 172. Its present state, vi. 163, note.
Battle of, between Tamerlane and Baja-
zet, vii. 177.

Andages, a noble Ostrogoth, kills Theodoric,
king of the Visigoths in the battle of
Chalons, iv. 22.

Andalusia, derivation of the name of, vi.
87, note.

Andalusian Arabs emigrate to Egypt, and
conquer Crete, vi. 155, 156, note.
Anderida, a British town taken by the
Saxons, iv. 223.

Andians, or Quartodecimans, punished by
death for celebrating Easter on the
wrong day, iii. 233.

Andragathius, kills the emperor Gratian,
iii. 216.

Andrew, St., his supposed body conveyed
to Constantinople, and he is made the
tutelary saint of the city, iii. 298.
Andronicus, president of Lybia, excom-
municated by Synesius bishop of Ptole-
mais, ii. 381.

Andronicus Comnenus, his character, and
first adventures, v. 346. Seizes the em-
pire of Constantinople, 352. His un-
happy fate, 355.

Andronicus, the elder, emperor of Con-
stantinople, his superstition, vii. 84. His
war with his grandson, and abdication,
89. His death, 91.

Andronicus, the younger, emperor of Con-
stantinople, his licentious character, vii.
87. His civil war against his grand-
father, 88. His reign, 91. His narriage,
to the daughter of the duke of Bruns-
wick, 92, note. And to Anne of Savoy, 94.
Is vanquished and wounded by the sultan
Orchan, 141. His private application to
pope Benedict XII. of Rome, 205.
Angamala, or Cranganor, an ancient Nesto-
rian bishopric in India, v. 262, 263.
Angels of the seven cities of Asia, supposed
to mean bishops, ii. 52, note.
Angelus. See Alexius, Isaac, Theodore.
Angles, a Saxon tribe. Origin of their name,
iii. 101, note. Invade England, iv. 215,
note.

Angles, a Thuringian tribe, 227, note. Their
code of laws, ib. Probably formed part
of the Varangians of Constantinople, vi.
278, note; 329, note.

Anglo Saxons, their laws against idolatry
iv. 153. Have given names to most of our
rural parishes, 223, note. Understood
the language of the Franks 224, note.

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Their laws encouraged manumission,

227.
Angora. See Ancyra.

Anianus bishop of Orleans, his pious
anxiety for the relief of that city, when
besieged by Attila the Hun, iv. 16.
Anician family at Rome, history of, iii.
401.
Anna Comnena, character of her history of
her father, Alexius I. v. 340. Her con-
spiracy against her brother John, 342.
Her Greek style, vi. 231. Her account of
the crusaders, 430. Of her father's victo
ríes, 471. Of Bohemond's escape, 472,
note. Her ignorance of Western Europe,
473, note.

Annah. See na.

Anne, the Greek princess, married to the
Russian prince, Wolodomir, vi. 210.
Anne of Savoy, empress, vii. 94. Her quar-
rel with John Cantacuzene, vii. 102.
Annibaldi, a family of modern Rome, vii.
386, 460,

Annibalianus, Roman general, i, 399. See
Hannibalianus.

Annona, the tribute of corn for the supply
of the capital and army, iv. 323.
Ansars, Mahomet's auxiliaries of Medina,
v. 491.

Anses, the demigods of the Goths, i. 308.
Antalas, a chieftain of the Moors in Africa,
iv. 500.

Antes, or Anten, a division of the Slavo-
nians, iv. 445, note, 448.

Anthemius, emperor of the West, his de-
scent, and investiture by Leo the Great,
iv. 75. His election confirmed at Rome,
76. Is killed in the sack of Rome by
Ricimer, 92.

Anthemius, prefect of the East, character
of his administration, in the minority of
of the emperor Theodosius the younger,
iii. 511.

Anthemius, the architect, instances of his
great knowledge in mechanics, iv. 330.
Forms the design of the church of St. So-
phía at Constantinople, 331,
Anthony. See Antony.
Anthropomorphites, among the early Chris-
tians, personifiers of the Deity, v. 204.
Antioch, earliest regular Christian Church
founded at, i. 33, note. Defeat and
death of Macrinus, 182. Taken and
Taken and destroyed by Sapor, king of
Persia, 338. Zenobia defeated by Aure-
lian, 375. See Imma.

Flourishing state of the Christian
church there, in the reign of Theodosius,
ii. 72. Synod at, 430. Olympic games
of, 546, note. History of the body of
St. Babylas, bishop of, 548. The cathe-
dral closed, and its wealth confiscated,
by the emperor Julian, 549.

Licentious manners of the citizens,
iii. 5. Popular discontents during the
residence of Julian, 7. Magic perse-

cuted there by Valens, 76. Sedition there,
against the emperor Theodosius, 250.
The city pardoned, 253.

Antioch, is taken and ruined by Chosroes
king of Persia, iv. 472. Great destruction
at, by an earthquake, 549.

Again seized by Chosroes II. v. 170.
Is reduced by the Saracens, and ran-
somed, vi. 47. Is recovered by the Greeks,
178. Besieged and taken by the first cru-
saders, 445. Taken by Bondocdar, 520.
Antioch, in Hyrcania, the linen of, vii. 167.
Antiochus, an officer of the imperial house-
hold, ii. 272.

Antiochus, a proconsul of Greece, appointed
by Rufinus, iii. 336.
Anti-Tribonians, a law sect, v. 2.
Antonina, the wife of Belisarius, conspires
against John of Cappadocia, iv. 327. Her
character, 365. Examines and convicts
pope Sylverius of treachery, 418. Her
activity during the siege of Rome, 419.
Her secret history, 433. Founds a con-
vent for her retreat, 541.

Antonines, the Two, found schools at
Athens, with salaries for the professors
1. 75, iv. 352.

Antoninus, a Roman refugee at the court of
Sapor, king of Persia, stimulates him to
an invasion of the Roman provinces,
ii. 315.

Antoninus, Marcus, his defensive wars, i. 10.
Is adopted by Pius at the instance of
Hadrian, 102. His character, 103. His
indulgence of Faustina and Commodus,
111. His war against the united Ger-
mans, 297. Suspicious story of his edict
in favour of the Christians, ii. 134.
Antoninus Pius, rampart in Scotland built
during his reign, i. 5. His character, and
that of Hadrian contrasted, i. 9. Is
adopted by Hadrian, 101.

Antoninus, the name revered by the Ro-
mans, and assumed by succeeding empe-
rors, i. 164, 181, 194. Declined by Alex-
ander Severus, 195.

Antoninus Arius, the last representative of
the name and virtues of the Antonines,
i. 120.
Antoninus, a proconsul of Asia, supposed
to be Antoninus Pius, before his eleva-
tion, ii. 129, note.

Antonius, L. rebels against Domitian in
Germany, i 97, note.

Antony, M. gave the library of Pergamus
to Cleopatra, iii. 285, note; vi. 66, note.
Antony, the first monk, invited to Alexandria
by Athanasius, ii. 440, note, iv. 111, note.
His history, 108.

Antrustion, a Frank dignity, iv. 187, note.
Anulinus, a Roman senator, to whom

Diocletian's father was a slave, i. 421.
Anulinus, Maximin's prætorian prefect, i.
236.

Anulinus, a prætorian prefect, gives his
support to Maxentius, ì. 480.

Apamea, or Corna, a town at the conflux of

the Euphrates and Tigris, iii. 20.
Aper, Arrius, father-in-law to the emperor
Numerian, is killed by Diocletian as
the presumptive murderer of that prince,
i. 420.

Apharban, the Persian, his embassy from
Narses to the emperor Galerius, i. 445.
Aphdal of Egypt captures Jerusalem from
the Turks, vi. 454.
Apocalypse, excluded from the sacred
canon, why now admitted, ii. 31, note.
Disputed by the Alogians, 71.
Apocaucus, admiral of Constantinople, hus
confederacy against John Cantacuzene,
vii. 96. His death, 100.
Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, his hypo-

thesis of the divine incarnation v. 207.
Apollinaris, patriarch of Alexandria, butch-
ers his flock in defence of the catholic
doctrine of the incarnation, v. 272.
Apollinaris, son of Sidonius, iv. 177.
Apolloniates, a lake, reservoir of the springs
of Olympus, i. 332.

Apollonius of Tyana, his doubtful character
i 374, note.

Apollonius, ambassador from Marcian to
Attila, iv. 1.

Apologies of the primitive Christians rely
most on the Jewish predictions, ii. 83.
Julian's reply to them, 560, note.
Apostates from Christianity, how treated,
ii. 131.

Apostles, their liberal policy, ii. 51. Their
martyrdom doubted, 101. Worship of
their supposed relics, v. 129.
Apotheosis of the Roman emperors, how this
custom was introduced, i. 91.
Apparitors, subordinate officers of the
great public functionaries, ii. 209.
Apsimar dethrones Leontius emperor of
Constantinople, and usurps his place, v.
296. Is dethroned and executed, 297.
Apulia, is conquered by the Normans, vi.
306. Is confirmed to them by papal
grant, 312.

Aqueducts, the noblest monuments of Ro-
man greatness, i. 63. Justly praised by
Augustus, iii. 419. Fourteen in the city
of Rome, iv. 267.
Aquileia, besieged by the emperor Maxi-
min, i. 234. By Julian and General Jo-
vinus, ii. 435. Is taken by Attila, iv. 27.
By Alboin, v. 104.

Aquitain, a province of ancient Gaul, i. 25.
Possessed by the Visigoths under Wallia,
iii. 472. Conquered by Clovis, iv. 178. Its
dukes overcome by Charlemagne, v.408.
Invasion of the Saracens, vi. 129. Re-
covered by Eudes, 132.

Aquyrion, the palace in which Constantine
died, ii. 266.

Arabia, Augustus fails in his attempt to
reduce it, i. 3. Attacked by the fleets of
Trajan, 7. Its situation, soil, and climate,
v. 436. Its divisions, 437. Horses, 439.

camels, 440. Cities, 441, notes. The pro-
vince of Yemen often conquered, 444.
The Turks have only a shadow of juris-
diction, 445. Conquered by Mahomet, 502.
Its name given by the Romans to one
of the provinces of Syria, 444, vi. 24.
Arabia, daughter of Justin II.
Arabians, their wandering life secured their
independence, i 31. Serve both in the
Roman and Persian armies, ii. 273. Mer-
cenaries of Valens under the name of
Saracens, iii. 189. Conquest of Yemen by
Nushirvan, v. 138. Supposed prophecy of
their perpetual independence, 137, 444.
Their pastoral habits, 439. Their va-
lour and patience, 445. Government,
448. Predatory warfare, 449. Supposed
to be the shepherd kings who subdued
Egypt, 450, note. Language, 452 and
note. Religion, 455. Reverence for the
Caaba of Mecca, 456 and note. Are uni-
ted by Abu Beker, vi. 2. Summary of
their conquests, 7. They invade Persia,
9. Complete its subjugation, 16. Con-
quer Transoxiana, 20. Invade Syria, 22.
Take Damascus, 33. Jerusalem, 44. An-
tioch, 47. Conclude the Syrian war, 50.
Invade Egypt 56. Take Alexandria, 61.
Proceed to Western Africa, 72. Take
Carthage, 82. Their first descent in
Spain, 90. Limits of their conquests, 113.
The language of the Koran now dead, ib.
note. They besiege Constantinople. 115.
Second siege, 119. They invade France
under Abderame, 126. Are defeated by
Charles Martel, 130. Division of their
empire, 138. Their learning 144. Their
progress in the sciences, 147. Their dis-
dain of foreign idioms, 150. Emigrate
from Andalusia to Crete, 155 and note.
From Africa to Sicily, 157. Invade Italy,
158. Fall of their empire, 174. Their
tactics, 219.

Arabissus, a town of Armenia, where Chry-
sostom passed part of his exile, iii. 507.
Arabshah, Ahmed Ebn. His history of
Timour, elegant but malicious, vii. 160,
note. Had travelled, 166, note; 183, note.
His account of Bajazet's iron cage and.
misfortunes, 183.

Araric, king of the Goths, invades the
empire, ii. 262.

drates river. See Chaboras.
Arbalist, Balista, or cross-bow, unknown

to the Orientals, and meaning of the
term, vi. 442, and note. See Balista.
Arbela, the battle of, referred to. i. 266, note.
Arbetio, a veteran under Constantine the
Great, one of Julian's generals, ii. 493.
Leaves his retirement to oppose the
usurper Procopius, iii. 74.

Arbogastes the Frank, his military promo-
tion under Theodosius in Gaul, and con-
spiracy against Valentinian the Younger,
iii. 262. Is defeated by Theodosius, and
kills himself, 268.

VOL. VII.

Arcadius, son of the emperor Theodosius,
succeeds to the empire of the East, iii. 306.
His feeble character, 312. Marries the
daughter of Bauto the Frank, 315. Is
jealous of his brother Honorius, 324.
His ministers encourage the revolt of
Gildo, 326. His magnificence, 482. Ex-
tent of his dominions, 483. Adminis-
tration of his favourite eunuch Eutro-
pius, 484. His cruel law against treason,
489. Signs the condemnation of Eutro-
pius, 494. His interview with the revolt-
ers Tribigild and Gainas, 497. His death,
and supposed testament, 510.
column still extant at Constantinople,
vii. 9, note.

His

Archers introduced into the Roman army,
iv. 366.

Arches, triumphal, of Trajan, i. 62. That of
Constantine at Rome decorated with
Trajan's trophies, 502. Its inscription,
ii. 355. Triumphal arch of Honorius at
Rome, iii. 357 and note.

Archipelago, its different names, v. 370;
vi. 187 and note.

Architecture, Roman, the general magnifi-
cence of, indicated by existing ruins,
i. 58. Gothic, its oldest model and pecu-
liar characteristics, iv. 269, notes.
Ardaburius, his expedition to Italy, to re-
duce the usurper John, iii. 525.
Ardaric, king of the Gepida, iv. 36.
Areobindus, governor of Africa, iv. 499.
Arethas, Aryat or Karwaryat, an Arabian
Chieftain, iv. 469, and note. Serves un-
der Belisarius, 474. Abyssinian account
of him, 494, note.

Arethusa, Restan, a city of Syria, ii. 545,

note.

Aretinus, Leonardus Brunus, a reviver of
learning in Italy, vii. 427, note.
Argentaria, or Colmar, battle of, iii. 181.
note.

Argonauts, their war with Amycus, ii. 178,
note. The object of their expedition to
Colchos, iv. 478.

Argyrus, son of Melo, rebels in Italy, vi. 309.
Ariadne, daughter of the emperor Leo, and
wife of Zeno, iv. 246. Marriage after-
wards with Anastasius, 247.

Arianism, its origin, ii. 405. Creeds, 410.
Sects, 412. Viewed at first with indiffe-
rence by the emperors, 416. Favoured by
Constantius, 419. Councils held to pro-
mote it. 423. Professed by Valens, iii.
85. Constantinople its principal seat,
221. Repressed throughout the East by
Theodosius, 226. Taught by Ulphilas
and adopted by the Gothic tribes, iv. 137.
Abandoned by them, 149. Professed by
Theodoric, 271.

Arians persecuted Athanasius, ii. 428,
their cruelty, 451. Protected the various
heretics of Constantinople, but abused
their victory over the council of Nice,
iii. 222. Displayed less firmness in ad

21

versity than their opponents, 227.. Per
secuted the Catholics in Africa, iv. 138.
In Spain, 150. Their writings destroyed,
iii. 227, iv. 152. Dispute with the Ca-
tholic bishops at Lyons, 170.
Arii, a tribe of the Lygians, their terrific
mode of waging war, i. 400.
Arinthæus, general of the horse to Julian,
iii. 16; (afterwards erroneously called
Arintheus in some editions of Gibbon.)
Serves Valens against Procopius, 73. In
the Gothic war, 128.

Ariovistus seizes two-thirds of the lands of
the Sequani, iv. 191.

Aristides, his apology for Christianity, ii.
97. His petition to Marcus Antoninus
for the cities that had suffered by earth-
quakes, iv. 548, note.

Aristobulus, principal minister of Carus,
and Diocletian, i. 423.

Aristotle, the first by whom the silk-worm
is mentioned, iv. 311, note. Studied by
the Arabians, vi. 146. Restored by the
Mahometans of Spain to the Latin schools,
147. His logic better adapted to the
detection of error than to the discovery of
truth, ib. The oracle of the Western uni-
versities, but in a barbarous form, vii. 37.
Arius, his learning, character, and opinions,
ii. 404. Is excommunicated, ib.
numerous followers, 405. Is banished
by Constantine, 418. Recalled, and his
faith approved, 419. His death, ib.
Arius, a Roman whose exercise of paternal
power was approved by Augustus and
Seneca, v. 49.

His

Arles, Maximian seizes the treasures depo-
sited there and re-ascends the throne, i,
486. Synod of, ii. 384, 435. Occupied
by the usurper Constantine, iii. 331. Be-
sieged by Gerontius, 461. Surrendered
to Constantius, the general of Honorius,
463. The seat of government and assem-
bly of the Seven Provinces, 480. De-
fended by Ægidius against the Visigoths,
iv. 18. Captured by Abderame, vi. 129.
Armenia, is formed into a Roman province
by Trajan, i. 8. Is seized by Sapor king
of Persia, 337. Tiridates, the native king,
restored, 438. He is again expelled by
the Persians, 442. Again restored by
treaty between the Romans and Per-
sians, 449.

Its conversion to Christianity, ii. 77,
272. Is rendered tributary to Persia, on
the death of Tiridates, 273. Character of
Arsaces Tiranus, and his conduct to the
emperor Julian, iii. 13. Abandoned by
Jovian in the treaty of Dura, 48. Is
reduced by Sapor to a Persian province,
120. Allowed a precarious neutrality, 122.
Its distractions and division between the
Persians and the Romans, 521.

History of Christianity in, v. 269.
Conquered by the Mongols, vii. 128.
Armeniarius, name given to Galerius, i. 425.

Armies of the Eastern empire, state of,
under the emperor Maurice, v. 159.
Armorica, fabulous settlement of British
emigrants by Maximus, iii. 235, note.
The provinces of, form a free govern-
ment independent of the Romans, 476.
Not peopled from Britain, ib. note. Sub-
mits to Clovis king of the Franks, iv. 168.
The Bretones of this province mistaken
for Britons, iv. 85, note. Settlement of
Britons in, 219, note.

Armour, defensive, is laid aside by the
Romans and adopted by the Barbarians,
iii. 271. Manufactories of, at Soissons,
iv. 162, note.

Arms of the Roman Legions, i. 14.
Army of the Romans, how composed, i. 19.

How commanded, 20, note. Number
and disposition of the legions, 21. The
power of the general almost despotic, 82.
Discipline enforced by Augustus, 96. Con-
stantine's military policy, ii. 214. Ad-
mission of slaves, 220. Barbarian auxi-
liaries, 221. Lands bestowed on veterans,
148, 220, note.

Arnold of Brescia, his heresy and history,
vii. 352.

Arnulph, king of Germany, vi. 268.
Aromatics, the importation and use of

them at Rome, i. 73, and note.
Arpad, king of Hungary, vi. 263, note; 265.
His dynasty, 274.

Arragon, derivation of the name, i. 24,
note.

Arraceni of Pliny, probably Saracens, v.
447, note.

Arrian, his visit to, and description of,
Colchos, iv. 476, 483.

Arrechis, duke of Beneventum, v. 409.
Arrogation, Roman ceremony of adoption,
v. 60, note.

Arsuces, a king of Armenia under Arcadius,
iii. 521.

Arsaces Tiranus, king of Armenia, his cha-
racter, and disaffection to the emperor
Julian, iii. 13. Withdraws his troops
treacherously from the Roman service,
31. His disastrous end, 120.
Arsucides of Parthia, rivals of Rome, v. 316.
Arsacides of Armenia, deified. Their statues
overthrown, i. 439. Their government
suppressed by the Romans, iii. 521. Their
descendants degraded from the royal
dignity, 522. Length of their reign, 523.
Arsacius, patriarch of Constantinople, suc
ceeds Chrysostom, iii. 506.
Arsenius, a bishop contemporary with Atha-
nasius, ii. 427

Arsenius, tutor of Arcadius, iii, 315.
Arsenius, patriarch of Constantinople, ex-
communicates Michael Palæologus, vii.
62. Faction of the Arsenites, 63.
Artaban, king of Parthia, is defeated and
slain by Artaxerxes king of Persia, i. 250.
Artaban, an Armenian prince, kills Gon-
tharis, iv. 499. Conspires against the em

peror Justinian, 516. Is pardoned, and |
intrusted with the conduct of the arma-
ment sent to Italy, 519. Reduces Sicily,
521.

Artabanus, an Armenian refugee, protected
by the emperor Leo I., v. 316.

Artabazus, a Persian serving in the Roman
army, iv. 503.

Artasires, king of Armenia, is deposed by
the Persians at the instigation of his own
subjects, iii. 522.

Asia, under the reign of the Caesars, i. 66.
Summary view of the revolutions in that
quarter of the globe, i. 248. Their cause,
according to Montesquieu, iii. 144, note.
The pastoral life of its wild hordes, 145.
Its inaccessible parts clouded by early
fiction, 151. Its seven cities or churches,
ii. 52. Their present state, vii. 142.
Asia Minor described, i. 29. Amount of
its tribute to Rome, 202. Is conquered
by the Turks, vi. 376. See Anatolia.
Asiarch, the nature of this office among the
ancient pagans, ii. 67, note.
Aspacurus, king of the Iberians, iii. 120.

Artavasdes, a noble Armenian, whose father
saved Tiridates, i. 440.
Artavasdus, his revolt against the Greek
emperor Constantine V. at Constanti-Aspalathus, the site of Diocletian's palace
nople, v. 301, note. A champion of image-
worship, 370.

Artaxerxes restores the Persian monarchy,
i. 249. Prohibits every worship but that
of Zoroaster, 260. War with the Romans,
266. His character and maximis, 268.
Artaxarxes, the successor of Sapor, iii. 122,

note.

Artemita, or Dastagerd, a palace of Chos-
roes, v. 173, note. See Dastagerd.
Artemius, duke of Egypt under Constantius,
is condemned to death under Julian, for
cruelty and corruption, ii. 495.
Artemius, a secretary, becomes emperor,
V. 299. See Anastasius II.
Artemon, an early heretic; character of
his sect, ii. 79.

Arthur, king of the Britons, his history ob-
scured by monkish fictions, iv. 221.
Artillery, Roman, allotted to each legion,
i. 19.

Artogerassa, a city of Armenia, iii. 120.
Arts, their decay in the time of Diocletian,
i. 466. Of Constantine, 501. Cultivation
of them in modern Italy, vii. 469, and

note.

Arvandus, prætorian prefect of Gaul, his
trial and condemnation by the Roman
senate, iv. 85.

drzanene, one of the five provinces ceded
to Rome, i. 448.

Arzema or Arzemidocht, queen of Persia,
vi. 11, and note.

As, the Roman copper coin, its weight and
value, v. 12. Weighed in transfers of
property, 64 note; 93. National standard
of value, vii. 360, note.
Asan, king of the Bulgarians, vi. 532.
Asbad, of the race of the Gepidæ, slays
Totila, iv. 526.

Ascalon, battle of, between Godfrey king of
Jerusalem and the sultan of Egypt, vi. 460.
Ascetics, a name early acquired by the
strictest Christians, ii. 46. Precursors
of the monastic system, iv. 106.
Asclepiodotus, trained in the school of Aure-
lian and Probus, i. 399. Reduces and
kills the British usurper Allectus, 432.
Asgard, the residence of Odin, supposed to
be Azof, i. 305, and notes. Theory aban-
doned by Gibbon, vii. 451, note.

í. 466. See Spalatro.

Aspar is commissioned by Theodosius the
Younger to conduct Valentinian III. to
Italy, iii. 525. Is sent against the Van-
dals in Africa, 539. Places his steward
Leo on the throne of the Eastern empire,
iv. 74. He and his sons murdered by
Leo, 246.

Asper, a Turkish coin, vii. 198, note.
Assassins, the principality of, destroyed by
the Moguls, vii. 127.

Assemblies of the people: Roman Comitia,
abolished, i. 89 and note. Continued for
some purposes till the time of Diocletian,
v. 60, note. Among the ancient Germans,
i. 285, Among the Tartars, iii. 148. See
Comitia and Coroultai.

Assyria, a Roman province in the time of
Trajan, i. 8. Described, iii. 19. Is in-
vaded by the emperor Julian, 21.
retreat, 37. (Irak) conquered by the
Saracens, vi. 12.

His

Asta or Asti, besieged by Alaric, iii. 351.
Relieved by Stilicho, 352.

Astarte, her image brought from Carthage
to Rome, as a spouse for Elagabalus,
i. 185

Asterius commands against the Vandals in
Spain, iii. 530.

Astingi, a Vandal tribe, ii. 261.
dstolphus, king of the Lombards, takes the
city of Ravenna, and attacks Rome, v.
383. Is repelled by Pepin king of France,

385.

Astrology, credulously studied by the Ro-
mans, iii. 415. Why cultivated by the
Arabian astronomers, vi. 149.

Astronomy, cultivated by Almansor and
encouraged by his successors, vi. 143.
Patronized by the Cæsar Bardas, 229.
Applied by Malek Shah to correct the
calendar, 381.

Asturias, part of the Roman province of
Tarragona, i. 24. The retreat of the

Gothic fugitives, iv, 210, note; vi. 96.
Atabeks of Syria, their conquests, vi. 487.
Athalaric, the son of Amalasontha, suc-

ceeds his grandfather Theodoric, iv. 284.
His education, character, and death, 396,
397.
Athanaric, a leader of the Visigoths, his

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