wars and treaty with the emperor Valens,
iii. 128. Is defeated by the Huns and
retires into the mountains, 165, His
visit to Theodosius, death and funeral,
202.
Athanasius, St., archbishop of Alexandria,
confesses his understanding bewildered
by meditating on the divinity of the
Logos, ii. 400. General view of his opi-
nions, 409. Is banished, 419. His edu-
cation and character, 424. His election
irregular and precipitate, 426. He is
summoned to appear at Tyre, 428. Is
banished to Treves, and restored, 430.
Is degraded by the council of Antioch,
and withdraws to Rome, 431. Is restored
through the influence of Constans, 433.
is again expelled, 440. Retires among
the monks of Thebais, 442. Is again
restored, 554. Persecuted and expelled
by Julian, 556. Is again concealed in the
desert, 557. Returns to Alexandria, iii.
59. Death 86, Monasticism reared and
organised by him, and recommended to
the Western Church, iv. 109, note; 112,
note. Not the author of the creed attri-
buted to him, 146, note.
Athanasius, patriarch of Constantinople,
his contests with the Greek emperor An-
dronicus the Elder, vii. 84.
Athaulphus. See Adolphus.
Athelstan, plants a Saxon colony at Exeter,
Athenais, daughter of the philosopher Leon-
tius. See Eudocia.
Athens, its narrow policy, and decrease in
the number of its citizens, i. 42. Libra-
ries spared by the Goths, 336. Naval
strength of the republic of, during its
prosperity, 517, note.
Is laid under contribution by Alaric
the Goth, iii. 337.
Review of the philosophical history of,
iv. 350. The schools of, silenced by the
emperor Justinian, 355.
Revolutions of, after the crusades, and
its present state, vii. 7, 80,
Athos, Mount, beatine visions of the monks
of, vii. 105.
Atlantic Ocean, derivation of its name, i. 33.
Atlas, Mount, described, i. 33, note.
Atmeidan. See Hippodrome.
Atropatene, a province of Armenia, ii. 273.
Atsiz, lieutenant of Malek Shah, takes
Jerusalem, vi. 394.
Attacotti, a Caledonian tribe, iii. 111.
Attalus, prefect of Rome, is chosen em-
peror by the senate, under the influence
of Alaric, iii. 434. Is publicly degraded,
437. His future fortune, 465.
Attalus, a noble youth of Auvergne, his ad-
ventures, iv. 200.
Attila, the Hun, description of his person
and character, iii. 550. His conquests,
553. Exaggeration of them, ib., note.
Called the scourge of God, 562.
poses terms of peace on Theodosius
the Younger, 565.
Oppresses Theodosius
by his ambassadors, 568. Description of
his royal residence, 572. His reception
of the ambassadors of Theodosius, 574.
Celebrated under the name of Etzel in
the Nibelungen-lied; probable origin of
the fiction, 577, note. His behaviour
on discovering the scheme of Theo-
dosius to get him assassinated, 579.
His haughty messages to the emperors
of the East and West, iv. 2. The friend
of Etius, 4. Demands the princess
Honoria in marriage, 13. His invasion
of Gaul, 15. His oration to his troops
on the approach of Etius and Theo
doric, 20. Battle of Chalons, 21. His
invasion of Italy, 26. His retreat pur-
chased by Valentinian, 32. His mar
riage and death, 34.
Attuarii, a tribe of Franks, ii. 474.
Alys and Cybele, the fable of, allegorized by
Julian, ii. 511.
Auction, tax on sales by, a part of the Ro-
man Excise, i. 209.
Augurs, Roman, their number and peculiar
office, iii. 273.
Augustin, St., his progress from reason to
faith, ii. 18, note. Praised the severe laws
of Theodosius against paganism, iii. 293,
note. His work, The City of God,
iii. 302. His account of the miracles
wrought by the body of St. Stephen, 302.
Celebrates the piety of the Goths at the
sacking of Rome, 440. Approves the
persecution of the Donatists of Africa,
534. His death, character, and writings,
537. History of his relics, iv. 380, note.
Augustulus, son of the patrician Orestes, is
chosen emperor of the West, iv. 95. Is de-
posed by Odoacer, 96. His real name
Romulus, 100, note. His banishment
to the Lucullan villa in Campania,
Augustus, emperor, his moderate exercise
of power, i. 2. Is imitated by his suc
cessors, 3. His naval regulations, 21.
His division of Gaul, 24. His situation
after the battle of Actium, 79. He re-
forms the senate, 79. Procures a sena.
torial grant of the imperial dignity, 81.
Division of provinces between him and
the senate, 84. Is allowed his military
command and guards in the city of Rome,
85. Obtains the consular and tribunitian
offices for life, 85. His character and
policy, 94. Adopts Tiberius, 98. Formed
an accurate register of the revenues and
expenses of the empire, 202. Taxes in-
stituted by him, 207. Left a foundation
for a perpetual sacrifice in the temple
of Jerusalem, ii. 5. His naval establish
ments at Ravenna, iii. 359. Said not to
have known the use of linen or of glass,
405. His policy in amusing the idle-
ness of Rome, 417. In providing a plen-
tiful supply of corn, ii. 194; iii. 413.
His sobriety, 418. Contrast between his
modesty and the ostentation of Charles
IV., v. 434.
Augustus and Cæsar, those titles explained
and discriminated, i. 93. Examples, 423,
425, 486.
Aurasius, a mountain in Africa, iv. 389,
note; 391, and note.
Aurelian, emperor, recommended to the
army by Claudius II. i. 359. His origin
and services, 360. Relinquishes Dacia
to the Goths, 362. Defeats the Allemanni,
365; encloses Rome with new walls, 368.
Restores order in Gaul and Britain, 370.
His war against Zenobia, 374. His tri-
umph, 380. His generous treatment of
his rivals, 381. His severity in suppres-
sing a tumult in Rome, 384. Is assassi-
nated, 386. Hostile to the Christians, ii.
140. Planted vineyards along the coast
of Italy, iii. 418.
Aurengzebe, account of his immense camp,
i. 263. note. Dissolution of his empire,
vii. 191.
Aureolus is invested with the purple on the
Upper Danube, i. 351. His defeat and
death, 354.
Aureus, the gold coin of Rome, ii. 238, note.
Changed by Constantine for the solidus,
vii. 29, note.
Ausonius, the tutor of the emperor Gratian;
his religious principles doubtful, iii. 210.
note. His promotions, 211, note.
description of Padua, 449, note.
friendship for Paulinus, 450, note.
Autharis, king of the Lombards in Italy,
his wars with the Franks, v. 115. His
adventurous gallantry, 124.
Autun, the city of, stormed and plundered
by the legions in Gaul, i. 371. Eumenius,
professor of rhetoric in its college, 467,
note. Constantine remits its arrears of
tribute, 489, ii. 233, note.
Auvergne, province of, in Gaul, revolutions
of, ív. 138.
Auxiliaries, part of the Roman army, i. 18.
Barbarian, fatal consequences of their
admission into the Roman armies, 294.
Increased by Constantine, ii. 221.
Avars, their real history and existing descend-
ants, iv. 455. They are discomfited by
the Turks, 455. Their embassy to the
emperor Justinian, 456. Their conquests
in Poland and Germany, 457. Their em-
bassy to Justin II., v. 96. They join the
Lombards against the Gepida, 99. Pride,
policy, and power, of their chagan Baian,
153. Their conquests, 156. Attempt to
capture Constantinople, 176. Are obliged
to retreat, 188. See Hungary.
Avernus, Lake, iii. 409, note.
Averroes, his religious infidelity, how far
justifiable, vi. 151, note.
Aversa, a town near Naples, built as a set-
tlement for the Normans, vi. 304.
Avicenna, the Arabian physician, vi. 149.
Avienus, his character and embassy from
Valentinian III. to Attila, iv. 32.
Avignon, the holy see transferred from
Rome to that city, vii. 380. Return of
pope Urban V. to Rome, 420.
Avitus, his embassy from Etius to Theo-
doric king of the Visigoths, iv. 17. As-
sumes the empire, 50. His deposition
and death, 56.
Avitus, bishop of Vienna (Vienne), iv. 170.
Awsites, an Arabian tribe, v. 489.
Axuch, a Turkish slave, his generous friend-
ship to the princess Anna Comnena, v.
342. And to Manuel Comnenus, 343.
Axume, capital of Abyssinia; Greek form
of Agzaab, iv. 495, and note.
Ayela, or Egilona, widow of Roderic, her
marriage with Abdelaziz, vi. 101, and note.
Ayesha, daughter of Abu Beker, and wife
of Mahomet, v. 514. Said to have opposed
her father's elevation as caliph, 518. Is
made prisoner by Ali, 523. Retires to
the tomb of Mahomet, 524.
Ayub, father of Saladin. The tribe of
Ayoubites named from him, vi. 492, note.
Azimus, or Azimuntium, remarkable spirit
shown by the citizens of, against Attila
and his Huns, iii. 556. They defend their
privileges against Peter, brother of the
Eastern emperor Maurice, v. 158.
Azoph, sack of, by the Moguls, vii. 168.
See Asgard.
Azyms, fiercely debated between the
churches of the East and West, vi. 525.
Azymites, vii. 263.
Azzadin, sultan of Iconium, vii. 128.
Azzo or Azo, ancestor of the lines of Bruns-
wick and Este, vi. 323, note. Union of
his family with the Guelphs, 475, note;
vii. 463, note.
Baalbec, description of the ruins of, vi. 40.
See Heliopolis.
Babec, father of Artaxerxes, i. 249, note.
Babylas, St., bishop of Antioch, his posthu
mous history, ii. 548.
Babylon, Rome so called by the first Chris-
tians, ii. 32. Its extent, 187, note. Was
converted into a royal park, iii, 21.
Licentiousness that prevailed there, 25,
Babylon, in Egypt, the fortress of Memphis,
vi. 57.
Bacchanals, in Rome, ii. 74.
Bacchus, an ancient chapel of, at Alexan-
dria, iii. 287.
Bacon, Friar, his knowledge of gunpowder,
vi. 126, note.
Bacon, a regular allowance of, to the poor
of Rome, iii, 418.
Badoero, name of an illustrious family at
Venice, v. 109.
Baduarius, an officer and son-in-law of the
emperor Justin II. v. 109, note,
Badvila, the real name of Totila, iv. 505,
note.
Batica, one of the three provinces of Ro-
man Spain, i. 24. Held by the Vandals,
iii. 530. Conquered by Tarik, vi. 93.
Baganda, in Gaul, revolt of the, its occasion,
and suppression by Maximian, i. 427.
Recruit the army of Julian, ii. 474,
note. Occupy the passes of the Alps,
iii. 379, note. Confederate in Gaul and
Spain, iv. 42.
Bagavan, a mountain of Armenia, i, 439.
Bagdad becomes the royal residence of the
Abbassides, vi. 139. Derivation of the
name, 139. note. Fallen state of the caliphs
of, 174. The city of, stormed and sacked
by the Moguls, vii. 128.
Baharites, a Mameluke dynasty in Egypt,
vi. 519.
Bahram, the Persian general, his character
and exploits, v. 143. Is provoked to re-
bellion, 145. Dethrones Chosroes, 148.
His usurpation and death, 150.
Bahrein, a maritime district of Persia, v.
438.
Baian, chagan of the Avars, his pride, po-
licy, and power, v. 153. His seizure of
Sirmium and Singidunum, 156. His con-
quests, 156. His attempt to seize the
emperor Heraclius, 176. Invests Con-
stantinople, 187. Retires, 188.
Baikal, the holy sea or lake, iii. 153.
Baityla, their origin, v. 456, note.
Bajazet I. sultan of the Turks, his reign,
vii. 149. His victory at Nicopolis, 151. His
magnificence, 155. His correspondence
with Timour, 171. Is defeated and cap-
tured by him, 179. His death, 181. In-
quiry into the story of the iron cage, 182.
His sons, 192.
Bajazet II. assists the agents of Lorenzo
de Medici in their search for MSS., vii.
257, note.
Balbinus elected joint emperor with Maxi-
mus by the senate, on the deaths of the
two Gordians, i. 229.
Balbus, Cornelius, a noble Spaniard, the
friend of Cæsar, i. 229, note.
Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon,
accompanies him on the first crusade, vi.
420. Founds the Latin principality of
Edessa, 444. Becomes king of Jerusalem,
495.
Baldwin, count of Flanders, engages in the
fourth crusade, vi. 537. Is chosen em-
peror of Constantinople, vii. 3. Is taken
prisoner by Calo-John, king of the Bul-
garians, 15. His death, 16. Legend
concerning him, 17.
Baldwin II. emperor of Constantinople, vii.
26. His distresses and expedients, 27.
His expulsion from that city, 34. His
death, 35.
Baldwin II. king of Jerusalem, vi. 495.
Baldwin III. king of Jerusalem, vi. 496.
Baldwin IV, king of Jerusalem, vi. 496.
Balearic isles, the, i. 33. Occupied by the
Vandals, iii 530.
Balista, employed by Belisarius in defence
of Rome, iv 411. Introduced among the
Mongols, vii. 125, note.
Baltha Ogli, the Turkish admiral, defeated
vii. 313.
Balti or Balthi, the royal race of the Visi-
goths, iii. 335, note, 469, note.
Baltic Sea, progressive subsidence of the
waters of the, i. 273, note. How the
Romans acquired a knowledge of the
naval powers of, iii, 103, note.
Baluze, his Lives of the Popes of Avignon,
vii. 380, note.
Banchor, monastery in Flintshire, iv. 113.
Baptism, theory and practice of, among the
primitive Christians, ii, 362.
Baradaus, James, founder of the Jacobites
Meaning of his name, v. 265, note.
Barbarians, the, of the East and the North
begin to be formidable, i. 248. The Ro-
man superiority over them restored by
Claudius II. and Aurelian, 369. Main-
tained by the victories of Probus, 398.
He disperses them in small bands through
his
army, and plants colonies of captives
or fugitives, 403. Diocletian's policy to
weaken and restrain them, 432. They
renew their inroads after the death of
Julian, iii. 93. No decisive victory over
them achieved by Theodosius, 197. In-
fluence of Roman civilization on them,
374, note. Unjustly accused as authors
of the public calamities, 375, note. Were
not destroyers of public monuments,
448, and note. Their permanent establish
ment in Gaul, 473. Not so violent and
unjust as the Roman legionaries, 476.
Progress of Christianity among them, ii.
365, iv. 130. Their state in the time of
Justinian, 441. Their legislation, iv. 183,
209, 263, v. 127. Beneficent effects of
their government in the conquered
provinces, ii. 468, iv. 180, 203, note.
Their improvement obstructed by the
priesthood, iv. 182, note, 205, note.
Barbary, the name of that country, whence
derived, vi. 84, note. The Moors of, con-
verted to the Mahometan faith, 86.
Barbatio, arrests Gallus, ii, 308. His mis
conduct in Gaul under Julian, 327.
Barcochebas, his rebellion, ii. 89.
Bardanes, see Philippicus.
Bardas, Cæsar, murdered by his nephew,
v. 318; a patron of learning, vi. 229.
Bards, their power of exciting a mar
tial enthusiasm in the people, i. 292.
preserve the tradition of Arthur and
his exploits, iv. 221. Propagate the Celtic
idiom in Wales and Armorica, 228. Pro-
tected by the laws of Elizabeth, ib.
Bargus, accuses his patron of treason, iii.438,
Bar-Hebræus. See Abulpharagius.
Bari, is taken from the Saracens, by the
joint efforts of the Latin and Greek
empires, vi. 295. The metropolis of the
Theme of Lombardy, 297. Taken by
Robert Guiscard, 317.
Barlaam, a Calabrian monk, his dispute
with the Greek theologians about the
light of mount Thabor, vii. 106. His em-
bassy to Rome, from Andronicus the
younger, 204. His literary character, 245.
His death. 249.
Barmecides, extirpated by Harun al
Rashid, vi. 152.
Baroncelli, tribune of Rome, vii. 415.
Barsumas, the monk, his violence at the
council of Ephesus, v. 228, note.
Bartholemy, Peter, inventor of the "Holy
Lance," vi. 451.
Bartolus, claimed the sovereignty of the
earth for the emperor of the West, v. 434.
Basil, council of, vii. 223, 238.
Basil I. the Macedonian, emperor of Con-
stantinople, v. 316. Reduces the Pauli-
cians, vi. 245. His death, v. 320. His
Basilics, or code of laws, v. 321; vi.
182. His alliance with Louis, great-grand-
son of Charlemagne, vi. 295.
Basil II. emperor of Constantinople, v. 329.
His great wealth, vi. 195. His inhuman
treatment of the Bulgarians, vi. 261. His
death, v. 330.
Basil, archbishop of Cæsarea, his canonical
epistle, ii. 330, note. No evidence of
his having been persecuted by the em
peror Valens, iii. 87. Insults his friend
Gregory Nazianzen, under the appear-
ance of promotion, 223. The father of
the monks of Pontus, iv. 112.
Basil, a monk burnt at Constantinople for
heresy, vi. 247.
Basil, St. the monks of, vii. 245.
Basilacius, a Roman general, who com-
manded against Alp Arslan, vi. 374.
Basilidians, a Gnostic sect, ii. 17.
Basiliscus, brother of the empress Verina,
is intrusted with the command of the
armament sent against the Vandals in
Africa, iv. 81. His fleet destroyed by
Genseric, 82. His promotion to the em-
pire, and death, 246.
Bassianus, the first name of the emperor
Caracalla, i. 163,
Bassianus, high priest of the sun, his pa-
rentage, i. 180. Is proclaimed emperor
at Emesa, 181. See Elagabalus.
Bassianus, brother-in-law to Constantine,
revolts against him, i. 508. Is put to
death, 508.
Bassora, its foundation and situation, vi. 13.
Bastarne, a Barbarian tribe, i. 309.
Batavians, serve as horse-guards in the
army of Pertinax, i. 131, note. Revolt
under Civilis, 295. Punished by Valeu-
tinian for losing their standard, iii. 93.
Their island, i. 296, note, iv. 15, note.
Baths, public, of Rome, described, iii. 419.
Batne, reception of the emperor Julian
there, iii. 11. The name explained, 11.
Batou, his invasion of Europe, vii. 129.
Retreats, 131.
Battles.
Aiznadin, vi. 28.
Angora, vii. 177.
Arenola, vi. 304.
Argentaria, iii. 181.
Ascalon, vi. 460.
Beder, v. 496.
Benevento, vii. 70.
The Bosphorus, vii.
314.
Cadesia, vi. 10.
Cannæ, vi. 304, 307.
Casilinum, iv. 532.
Ceramio, vi. 321.
Chalons, i. 370; iii.
95; iv. 21.
Chrysopolis, i. 520.
Cibalis, i. 509.
Cossova, vi, 149.
Crotona, vi. 297.
Dara, iv. 364.
Decimus, iv. 374.
Dorylæum, vi. 441.
Durazzo, vi. 330.
Fano, i. 366.
Guadalete, or Xeres,
vi. 92.
Hadrianople, i. 518,
iii. 185.
Honain, v. 502.
Jalula, vi. 13.
Langres, i. 433.'
Lignitz, vii. 130.
Lyons, i. 151.
Mardia, i. 510.
Margus, i. 420.
Maronga, iii. 38.
Marsicum, vi. 304.
Melitene, v. 139.
Mursa, ii. 286.
Muta, v. 505.
Nacolia, iii. 74.
Naissus, i. 357.
Nehavend, vi. 16.
Netad, iv. 36.
Nicopolis, i. 312,
vii. 151.
Nineveh, v. 190.
Ohud, v. 497.
Pavia, i. 367, ii. 289
Placentia, i. 366.
Poitiers, iv. 176.
Pollentia, iii. 352.
Rusium, vii. 16.
Salices, iii. 177.
Saxa Rubra, i. 499.
Singara, ii. 274.
Strasburg, ii, 328,
Tagina, iv, 524.
Thoulouse, vi. 128.
Thyatira, iii. 74.
Tolbiac, iv. 163.
Tours, vi. 131.
Turin, i. 495.
Tusculum, vii. 373.
Vaccaritia, vi. 304.
Verona, i. 497, iii.
356.
Vindonissa, i. 433.
Viterbo, vii. 373.
Vulturnus, iv. 532.
Warna, vii. 274.
Xeres, or Guada-
lete, vi. 92.
Yermuk, vi. 42.
Battle, trial by, abolished in France by St.
Louis, and in England, vii. 57, notes.
Bavaria, conquered by Charlemagne, v.410.
Invaded by the Hungarians, vi. 269.
Guelph, duke of, joins the crusade, 475.
Bavarians, derivation of their name, i. 276,
note. Occupy portions of Pannonia and
Noricum, iii. 527. Reject the supremacy
of the Huns, 550. Their laws, iv. 184.
Bayle, on the religion of Ausonius, iii. 211,
note. On Augustin's defence of perse-
cution, 534. On Abelard, vii. 352. note.
Bears, two kept by Valentinian, iii. 80.
Beasts, wild, the variety of, introduced in the
public games at Rome, i. 415.
Beausobre, M. de, character of his Histoire
Critique du Manichéisme, v. 198, note.
Becca, the original name of Mecca, v. 442,
note; 456, nole.
Beder, battle of, v. 496.
Bedoweens of Arabia, their mode of life, v. 439.
Bees, remarks on the structure of their
combs and cells, vi. 144, note.
Becket, Thomas à. his death, ii. 125, note.
Beitar, Al, of Malaga, the Arabian botanist,
vi. 149, note.
Bela, prince of Hungary (afterwards Bela | Benefice, in feudal language, explained, iv.
III.), affianced to, and separated from, a
daughter of Manuel Comnenus. v. 346.
Bela IV. king of Hungary, defeated by Ba.
tou, vii. 130.
Belenus, tutelar deity of Aquileia, i. 234.
Belfredus, (Belfry, Beffroi), the moveable
tower used in sieges, vi. 440, note.
Belga, of Britain, i. 25.
Belgic Gaul, i. 25.
Belgium, a Tartar name of Mount Imaus,
iv. 451, note.
Belgrade (Singidunum), or the White City,
v. 155. Its defence by Huniades, vii. 278.
Belisarius, his birth and military service
as General of the East, iv. 362, and
note.
Is appointed by Justinian to
conduct the African war, 365. Em-
barkation of his troops, 367. Lands in
Africa, 370. Defeats Gelimer, 373. Is
received into Carthage, 378. Second de-
feat of Gelimer, 379. Reduction of Africa,
380. Surrender of Gelimer, 384. Trium-
phant return of Belisarius to Constan-
tinople, 385. Is declared sole consul,
386. He menaces the Ostrogoths of Italy,
394. He seizes Sicily, 399. Suppresses
a revolt in Africa, 400. Invades Italy,
403. Takes Naples, 404. He enters Rome,
407. He is besieged in Rome by the
Goths, 408. His vigorous defence, 415.
Deposes and banishes pope Sylverius,
418. The siege raised, 420. Causes
Constantine, one of his generals, to be
killed, 423. Siege of Ravenna, 428. Takes
Ravenna by stratagem, 430. Returns to
Constantinople, 431. His character and
behaviour, 432. Scandalous life of his
wife Antonína, 433. His disgrace and
submission, 438. Is sent into the East to
oppose Chosroes king of Persia, 474.
His reception of the Persian ambas-
sadors followed by the retreat of Chos-
roes, 475. His second campaign in
Italy, 506. His ineffectual attempt to raise
the siege of Rome, 509. Dissuades Totila
from destroying Rome, 512. Recovers the
city, 513. His final recall from Italy, 515.
Protects Constantinople from the Bul-
garians, 539. His disgrace and death, 540.
Bellona, worshipped at Comana in Cappa-
docia and Comana in Pontus, ii. 228, note;
vi. 240, note.
Bells, earliest use of them, vi. 25, note.
Belus, tower of, vi. 15, note.
Benacus, the lake, iv. 32, and note.
Bender, vestiges of a Roman road traced
there, i. 6.
Benedict XI. avenges Boniface VIII. by
cursing Anagni, vii. 379,
Benedict XII. pope, his transactions with
Andronicus the younger, vii. 205. His cha-
racter given by Petrarch, 207, and note
Benedict XIII. a pretender, vii. 427. Ac-
knowledged in Spain, 428. Deposed by
the council of Constance, ib.
Benevento, battle of, between Charles of
Anjou, and Mainfroy, vii. 70.
Beneventum, Lombard duchy of, v. 118.
Not subject to Charlemagne, 409. Anec-
dotes relating to the siege of, vi. 299.
Benjamin, patriarch of the Egyptian Jaco-
bites, vi. 61.
Benjamin of Tudela, his account of the
riches of Constantinople, vi. 194. His
Travels, ib. note. His description of the
emperor Manuel's crown, vii. 59; His
visit to Rome, 446, note. The wonders
which he saw there, 467, note.
Bentivoglio, his Relazione, ii. 349, note.
Beran-birig, or Banbury castle, iv. 218, note,
Berbers, meaning and origin of the name,
iv. 493, note. Barbarians and Barbary
derived from it, vi. 84, note.
Berenice, her age, vi. 207.
Berenice, in the province of Cyrene, iv. 68,
Bernard, St., takes no notice of his own
miracles, ii. 38, note. His character
and influence in promoting the second
crusade, vi. 483. His character of the
Romans, vii. 351. Attacks Arnold of
Brescia, 354.
Bernier, his account of the camp of Aureng.
zebe, i. 263, note.
Berea, the ancient name of Aleppo. Its
early church, ii. 71. Its senate gives the
emperor Julian a cold reception, iii. 11.
Bertezena, first leader of the Turks, iv.
452.
Bertha, mother of Hugo, king of Italy, vi.
Bertha, his daughter, affianced to Romanus
II. vi. 210.
Berytus, account of the law school estab
lished there, ii. 212. The city destroyed
by an earthquake, iv. 549.
Bessarion, accompanies the Greek emperor
to Italy, vii. 229. Leads the champions
of the Greek church in the council, 234.
Conforms to that of Rome and is created
a cardinal, 236. Remains in Italy, 251.
His literary merit, 252. Refuses to be
patriarch of Constantinople, 264.
Bessas, governor of Rome for Justinian, his
rapacity during the siege of that city by
Totila the Goth, iv. 508. Occasions the
loss of Rome, 511. Leads the assault of
Petra, v. 487.
Bessi, minor Goths of Jornandes, iv. 288.
note.
Bethel, oriental application of the word and
origin of the Greek Baityla, v. 456, note.
Bethlem, the residence of Jerome, iii. 446.
Invited the crusaders to send a garrison
before they had reached Jerusalem, vi.
456, note.
Bezabde, is taken and garrisoned by Sapor
king of Persia, ii. 320. Is ineffectually
besieged by Constantius, 321.
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