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Claudius, invested with the purple in the
camp of the Prætorians, compelled the
senate to ratify their choice, i. 96. Im-
poverished the treasury by his donations,
27, note. His character, 106.

Claudius II. defends Thermopyla in the
Gothic war, i. 313, note. On the Danube,
334, note. His elevation to the throne,
character, and reign, 353, 358. His death,
359.

Claudius, king of Abyssinia, is supported
against the Mahometans by Portuguese
auxiliaries, v. 281, note.

Cleander, minister of the emperor Com-
modus, his history, i. 119. His death, 121.
Cleaveland, Ezra, author of History of the
Courtenay Family, vii. 40, note.
Clematius, murdered by Gallus, ii. 296, note.
Clemens of Alexandría, prepared for Chris-
tianity by his Platonism, ì. 33, note. His
Christian ethics, 44, note. An instance
of learned men embracing Christianity,
80.

Clemens, Flavius, and his wife Domitilla,
why distinguished as Christian martyrs,
ü. İll.

Clement III., pope, and the emperor Henry
III. mutually confirm each other's sove-
reign characters, vi. 336.

Clement IV. taxes all church property, to
promote the crusades, vi. 512, note.
Clement V. , pope, endeavours to revive the
spirit of the crusades, vi. 512, note. Trans-
fers the holy see from Rome to Avignon,
vii. 380. On his election immediately
promotes ten cardinals, nine of whom are
French, 381, note.

Clement VI., pope, his negotiation with
John Cantacuzene, vii. 207. Buys
Avignon of Jane, queen of Naples, 381,
note. Institutes the second or Mosaic
jubilee, 383.

Clement VII., pope, his election disputed,
vii. 424.

Clementines, the, attributed by critics to
an Ebionite, ii, 396, note.
Cleodamus, an engineer employed by the
emperor Gallienus to fortify the mari-
time cities of Greece, i 333.
Cleopatra receives the library of Pergamus
from Anthony, iii. 286, note; vi. 66, note.
Clepho, king of the Lombards, v. 108.
Clergy, their influence in a superstitious
age, i. 78, and note. When first distin-
guished from the the laity, ii. 57. The
ranks and numbers of, how multiplied,
373. Their immunities, 373. Their pro-
perty, 375. Their offences only cogni-
zable by their own order, 378. Valen-
tinian's edict to restrain the avarice of
the, iii. 388. Imbued the minds of the
people with ignorance and superstition,
iv. 168, note. Privileges among the Visi-
goths, 210.

Clermont, the capital of Auvergne, resists
Euric and the Visigoths, iv. 84. Is taken

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Clodius Albinus. See Albinus.
Clotilda, niece of the king of Burgundy, is
married to Clovis, king of the Franks,
and converts him, iv. 165. Exhorts him
to the Gothic war, 174.

Clovis, king of the Franks, his descent and
reign, iv. 159. Various forms of his

name, ib., note. Defeats the Allemanni
at Tolbiac, 163. His conversion, 164.
His victory over the Visigoths near
Poitiers, 176. Conquers Aquitain, 178.
His consulship, 179 His reformation of
the law, 183. His policy, 192. Requests
Theodoric to send him an Italian harper,
258, note.

Cluverius, his account of the objects of
adoration among the ancient Germans,
i. 290, note.

Cniva, king of the Goths, i. 312.
Coche, a suburb of Ctesiphon, iii. 27.
Cochineal, discovery of, iv. 311, note.
Code of Justinian, how formed, v.35. New
edition of, 43.

Code of Theodosius, when promulgated, ii.

197, note. Of Gregorins and of Hermo-
genes, period assigned to each, v. 21, note.
Coder Argenteus, the MS. of Ulphilas, iv.
131, note.

Codicils, an innovation ratified by Augustus,
v. 30. How admitted by the Roman law
respecting testaments, 70.

Coenobites, in monkish history, described,

iv. 126.

Codinus, his numerous mistakes, i. 191,

note.

Cognats, regarded in the twelve tables as
strangers and aliens, v. 67.
Cogni. See Iconium.

Cohorts, ten, of heavy armed infantry, in
every legion, i. 14.

Cohortes Urbanæ, city cohorts, watched
over the safety of the capital, i. 21. In-
ferior in rank and discipline, 121, note.
Coil, king of Britain, fabulous father of
Helena, i. 473, note.

Coinage, gold, of the Antonines and of the
fifth century, compared, iv. 62, note. Early
gold of the Franks in Gaul, and Visigoths
in Spain, 180, and note. Mahometan,
vi. 118, and note. Copied by the Anglo-
Saxon king Offa, ib. That of the Greek
empire debased by Manuel Comnenus to
defraud the crusaders, 478. Change
made by Constantine, vii. 29, note.
Genuine, how distinguished from the
base, ib. Progressive degradation of the
Byzantine gold coin, 78, note. Turkish
coinage, 198, note. Gold of Florence and
Milan. 226, note. Earliest gold of Eng-
land, 227, note. Coins of the popes, 343,

and note; 361 and note. Copper coinage |
of Rome regulated by the senate, 360,
and note.

Colchis, one of Trajan's eastern conquests,
i. 7. The modern Mingrelia, described,
iv. 478. Manners of the natives, 479.
Revolt of, from the Romans to the Per-
sians, and repentance, 484. Colchian
war in consequence, 488. Alliance with
Heraclius in his war against Persia, v.
185. Assistance afforded to Alexius
Comnenus in acquiring Trebizond, vii. 11.

note.

Coliseum, of the emperor Titus. See Am-
phitheatre,

Collyridian heretics, account of, v. 469.
Colonia, now Chonac or Couleihisar, a town
of Pontus, vi. 240, note.

Colonies, Barbarian, i. 403, 434. Some of
them doubtful, 434, note. Many planted
in Hungary, vi. 273, note.

Colonies, Roman, of two kinds, civil and
military, i. 45. How planted, v. 63,

note.

Colonna, Sciarra, joins Nogaret in his attack
on Boniface VIII. at Anagni, vii. 379.
Colonna, Stephen the Younger, driven from
Rome by Rienzi, vii. 400. Slain, 412.
Colonna, history of the Roman family of,
vii. 386.

Colossa, now Chon, the birth place of
Nicetas; its church, to which St. Paul
addressed his Epistle, erroneously sup-
posed to be designated from the Colossus
of Rhodes, vi. 570, note.

Colossus of Rhodes, account of, vi. 54.
Columba, or Columbkill, founds the monas-
tery of Iona, iv. 114, and note.
Columbanus, founds monasteries at Luxo-
vium and Bobium, iv. 114, note. His
austere rule, 120, note.

Columns of Hercules, their situation, i. 33.
Comana, the rich temple of, suppressed,
and the revenues confiscated, by the
emperors of the East, ii 227. Its temple
dedicated to Bellona, vi. 240, note.
Comans, or Cumans, a large colony of them
admitted into Hungary, vi. 273, and note;
vii. 14, note. Others remained between
the Danube and the Volga, ib. Allies of
Calo-John, the Bulgarian, ib. Final de-
feat of them on the Kalka, ib.
Combat, judicial, origin of, in the Salic laws,

iv. 190. The laws of, according to the
assize of Jerusalem, vi. 490. Apology for
the practice of, iv. 190, note. See Battle,
Trial by.

Comes Castrensis, the superintendent of
the imperial table, ii. 223, note.
Comets, account of those which appeared
in the reign of Justinian, iv. 545.
Comitia. See Assemblies of the people.
Comito, sister of the empress Theodora, iv.
293, and note.

Commentiolus, his disgraceful warfare
against the Avars, v. 158.

Commerce, left by the Romans to the people
of the conquered provinces, i. 22, note.
Held in contempt by them, iii. 404. Of
the East, iv. 114. Of Colchis, 479. That
of the Romans restricted by their early
treaty with the Carthaginians, v. 8, note.
Foundation of the greatness of Venice,
vi. 539. Treaty of, between the Greek
empire and the Genoese, vii. 114.
Commodus, emperor, his education, cha-
racter, and reign, i. 112. His infamous
life, 122. He exhibits as a gladiator, 125,
and note. His death, 126. His memory
branded with infamy by the senate, 129.
His concubine Marcia induces him to
favour the Christians, ii. 135.

Comneni, origin of the family of, v. 383.
Their first elevation to the throne, 334.
They depose Nicephorus Botaniates, 339.
Extent and revenues of their empire, ví.
187. Their occupation of Trebizond, vii.
11, and note. Their final extinction, 335,
and note.

Comnenus. See Alexius, Andronicus, David,
Isaac, John, and Manuel.
Conception, immaculate, of the Virgin Mary,
the doctrine of, whence derived, v. 469.
Conclave, establishment of the, vii. 376.
Concord, national, a temple of, erected by
Diocletian in the Isle of Elephantine, i.
437. Destroyed by Justinian, iv. 342.
note.

Concubine, according to the Roman civil
law, explained, v. 59.

Confarreation, a Roman marriage ríte, v. 51.
Confederates, a promiscuous armed multi-
tude collected from various nations and
tribes, iv. 94. Place themselves under
the command of Odoacer, 96.
Confessors, adduced to multiply the number
of martyrs, ii. 126, note.

Conflagration, general, ideas of the primi
tive Christians concerning, ii. 32.
Conob., inscribed on some Byzantine coins,
v. 382, note.

Conon, the primitive name of the emperor
Leo III., v. 300.

Conquest, the vanity of, not so rational as
the desire of spoil, iii. 110. Is rather
achieved by art than personal valour, 551,
Conrad III. emperor, engages in the second
crusade, vi. 474. His disastrous expe-
dition, 480.

Conrad, duke of Franconia, killed while
repelling an invasion of the Hungarians.
vi. 273.

Conrad of Montferrat defends Tyre against
Saladin, vi. 500. Is assassinated, 505.
Conradin, cruel fate of, vii. 70.
Constance, treaty of, by which the freedom
of the Italian cities is acknowledged, v.
420. Council, established the authority
of a general council above the pope, vii.
224. Deposed three rival popes and
elected Martin V., 429.
Constans, the third son of Constantine the

Great, is sent to govern the western
provinces of the empire, ii. 258. Division
of the empire between him and his
brothers, on the death of their father,
269. Is invaded by his brother Constan-
tine, 278. Magnentius conspires against
and kills him, 280. Espoused the cause
of Athanasius against his brother Con-
stantius, 431. Visited Britain, iii. 109.
Constans, son of the usurper Constantine,
invested with the purple by his father,
killed by Gerontius, iii. 461.
Constans II. emperor of Constantinople,

his reign, v. 291. His death, 293. Pro-
posed to restore the seat of empire to
Rome, vi. 225. Visited, plundered, and
left the city, ib., vii. 453.

Constantia, sister of Constantine the Great,
is married to Licinius, i. 503. Intercedes
for her husband, 520. Her son is saved
by her entreaties, ii. 250. She pleads
for him again, but in vain, and dies soon
after him, 253.

Constantia, princess, granddaughter of
Constantine the Great, is carried by her
mother to the camp of the usurper Pro-
copius, iii. 72. Narrowly escapes falling
into the hands of the Quadi, 131. Mar-
ries the emperor Gratian, 135.
Constantia, daughter of Roger, king of
Sicily, is married to the emperor Henry
VI., vi. 354.

Constantina, daughter of Constantine the
Great, and widow of Hannibalianus,
places the diadem on the head of the
general Vetranio, ii. 281. Is married to
Gallus, 295. Her character, 296. Dies,
299.

Constantina, widow of the Eastern emperor
Maurice, the cruel fate of, and her
daughters, v. 166.

Constantine the Great, great grandson of
Crispus, brother of Claudius II. i. 359.
opinions as to the place of his birth, 472.
His history, 473. He is saluted emperor
by the British legions on the death of his
father, 475. His brothers and sisters, 477.
He marries Fausta, the daughter of
Maximian, 481. Puts Maximian to death,
487. General review of his administra-
tion in Gaul, 489. Undertakes to de-
liver Rome from the tyranny of Maxen-
tius, 492. Defeats Maxentius, and enters
Rome, 500. His alliance with Licinius,
503. Quarrel between them, 508.
feats Licinius, 509, 510. Peace concluded
with Licinius, 511. Rigorous laws. 512.
Chastises the Goths, 515. Second civil
war with Licinius, 516. Battle of Ha-
drianople, 518. Siege of Byzantium, 519.
Battle of Chrysopolis (now Scutari) 520.
Death of Licinius, 521. Constantine sole
emperor, ib.

De-

declares himself the protector of the
church, ü. 159. Arrests the persecution
prepared by Maximin, 167, and note.

Motives which induced him to make
Byzantium the capital of his empire, ii.
175. Ascribes his determination to a
divine command, 184. Despoils other
cities of their ornaments to decorate his
new capital, 188. Ceremony of dedicating
his new city, 196. His new form of civil
and military administration, 197. Three
classes of magistrates and four divisions
of office, 199. Separates the civil from
the military, 215. Corrupted military dis-
cipline, 216. Was the first who raised
Barbarians to the consulship, 222, Seized
the rich temple of Comana, 227. Insti-
tuted the general tribute, or indiction,
232. His character, 244. Resemblance
to Henry VIII., 245, note. His family,
249. Jealous of his son Crispus, 252.
Mysterious deaths of Crispus and Lici-
nius, 253. His repentance and acts of
atonement inquired into, 254. His sons
and nephews, 256. Sends them to super-
intend the several provinces of the em-
pire, 258. Assists the Sarmatians, and
provokes the Goths, 262. Reduces the
Goths to peace, 265. His death, 265.
Date of his conversion to Christianity,
338. His payan superstition, 341. Pro-
tects the Christians in Gaul, 342. Pub-
lishes the edict of Milan, 342. Motives
which recommended the Christians to
his favour, 345. Exhorts his subjects to
embrace the Christian profession, 348.
His standard the Labarum, 351. His
vision previous to his battle with Maxen-
tius, 354. Story of the miraculous cross
in the air, 356. His conversion ac-
counted for, from natural and probable
causes, 358. His theological discourses,
360. His devotion and privileges, 361,
The delay of his baptism accounted for,
362. Is commemorated as a saint by the
Greeks, 364. Educated a race of princes
in the Christian faith, 365. Retained the
supreme jurisdiction over the church,
369. His liberality to the clergy in-
creased in proportion to his faith and his
vices, 376. Forgery of his edict, 378, and
note. Referred the Trinitarian contro-
versy to the council of Arles, 384. Called
and attended the council of Nice, 385.
His edict against heretics, 387. His jest
with Acesius, 388, and note Courted the
hierarchy in order to rule the people
through them, ib., note. Favours the cause
of Cæcilian against Donatus, 390. Had
prejudged the question before he called
the council of Nice, 407, note. His letter
to the contending parties not dictated
by his episcopal advisers, 417. Ratified
the Nicene creed, 418. Banished and
recalled Arius and Eusebius of Nicome-

dia, ib. Deposed and banished Atha-
nasius and his friends, 419. Baptized by
the Arian Eusebius, ib. Granted a tole
ration to his pagan subjects, 458. His

reform of pagan abuses, 458. Was asso-
ciated with the heathen deities after his
death, by a decree of the senate, 461.
Erected the church of the holy sepulchre,
532. Introduced into the "Cæsars" of
Julian, iii. 2. His forbearance towards
Paganism, impatiently supported by the
clergy, 272. Changed the aureus of the
old Roman coinage for the solidus, vii. 29,
note.

Constantine, publication of his fictitious do-
nation to the bishops of Rome, v. 393.
Fabulous interdiction of marriage with
strangers, ascribed to him, vi. 207.
Constantine II. the son of Constantine the
Great, carefully educated by his father, ii.
257. Is sent to preside over Gaul, 258.
Division of the empire between him and
his brothers, on the death of their father,
269. Invades the territories of his bro-
ther Constans, and is killed, 278.
Constantine III. emperor of Constantinople,
his brief reign, v. 290.

Constantine IV. Pogonatus, emperor of Con-
stantinople, v. 293. His cruelty to his
brothers, 294. Offered the hair of his
two sons on the altar of St. Peter at
Rome, as a symbol of their spiritual
adoption, ib.

Constantine V. [or VI.] Copronymus, em-
peror of Constantinople, his zeal against
images, v. 301. Is denounced by their
worshippers as an atheist stained with
the most opposite vices, 302. His merits
and virtues, ib, Marries a daughter of
the khan of the Chazars, 304; vi. 208.
Fates of his five sons, v. 304. Revolt of
Artavasdus, and troubles on account of
image worship, 370. Abolishes the monk-
ish order 371. Transplants the Paulicians
from Armenia into Thrace, vi. 245.
Constantine VI. [or VII] emperor of Con-
stantinople, his contest with his mother
Irene, v. 305. His death, 306.
Constantine VII. [or X. or XI,] Porphyro-
genitus, emperor of Constantinople, v. 322.
His nominal reign, 322. His death, 325.
His cautions against discovering the
secret of the Greek fire, vi. 125. Account
of his works, 181. Their imperfections
pointed out, 182. His account of the
ceremonies of the Byzantine court, 206.
Justifies the marriage of his son with
Bertha, daughter of Hugo king of Italy,
208.
Constantine VIII. emperor of Constanti-
nople, v. 323.

Constantine IX. emperor of Constantinople,
v. 329. His death, 330.

Constantine X. [or XII. or XIII.] Monoma-

chus, emperor of Constantinople, v. 332.
Constantine XI. [or XIII. or XIV.] Ducas,
emperor of Constantinople, v. 335. His
death, 335.

Constantine Palæologus, the last of the
Greek emperors crowned at Sparta, vii.

285. Determines to resist Mahomet II. 294.
Implores the assistance of the Western
princes, 301. Consults with Phranza on
his means of defence, 304. Subscribes
the act of union between the two churches,
305. Prepares for a vigorous resistance,
311. His funeral oration of the Roman
empire, 318. His courage in the last
assault, 321. His death, 322.
Constantine, son of Michael VII. Ducas, v.
337; and note. Affianced to a daughter
of Robert Guiscard, and afterwards to
Anna Comnena, vi. 324, and note.
Constantine Sylvanus, founder of the Paul-
icians, his death, vi. 239.

Constantine, a private soldier in Britain,
elected emperor for the sake of his name,
iii. 378. He reduces Gaul and Spain,
379, 460. Is besieged in Arles by his
general Gerontius, 461. Surrenders to
Constantius and is put to death, 463. His
rebellion opened the passes of the Pyrenees
to the Vandals, Suevi and Alani, 467.
Constantine, eldest son of Heraclius, with-
draws from Syria, vi. 50. Attends the
coronation of his younger brother, 51,
and note.

Constantine, general under Belisarius in
Italy, his death, iv. 423.
Constantines, want of uniformity in num
bering the, v. 321, 322, notes; vii. 285.
note.

Constantinople, its situation described, with
the motives which induced Constantine
the Great to make this city the capital of
his empire, ii. 175. Its local advantages,
183. Its extent, 185. The walls of Cou-
stantine enclosed five hills, ib. Those of
Theodosius the Younger included two
more in the suburbs, 186. Progress of the
work, 187. Principal edifices decorated
with the spoils of other cities, 188. How
furnished with inhabitants, 191. The
number of its streets, ib., nole. Privi
leges granted to it, 195. Its dedication,
196. New form of civil and military
administration established there, 197. Is
allotted to Constantine the Younger, in
the division of the empire, on the empe
ror's death, 269. The only city in which
idols had never been worshipped, 365, 448.
Violent contests there between the rival
bishops, Paul and Macedonius, 449.
Bloody engagements between the Atha-
nasians and Arians on the removal of the
body of Constantine, 451. Triumphant
entry of the emperor Julian, 487. The
senate of, allowed the same powers and
honours as that at Rome, 498.

arrival of Valens, as emperor of the
East, in, iii. 68. Revolt of Procopius, 70.
Its school or college and public library
founded by Valentinian, 81. The Goths
repelled from its suburbs by Saracens,
189. Visited by Athanaric, 203. Con-
tinued the principal seat of Arianism

during the reign of Constantius aud Va-
lens, 221. Is purged from it by the em-
peror Theodosius, 225. Installation of
Gregory Nazianzen in its patriarchate, 226.
Council of, 227. Many relics of saints and
martyrs are brought there, 298. Alaric
approaches, but refrains from attacking
the city, 335. Tumult against Eutropius,
495. Arcadius admits Gainas and the
Ostrogoths; insurrection of the people
against them, 497. Elevation of Chry-
sostom to the patriarchal throne, 500.
Riots caused by the persecution agaiust
him, 505. The new walls of Theodosius II.
built, 512. Fifty-eight towers thrown
down by an earthquake, 569.

the city and eastern empire distracted
by the factions of the circus, iv. 302.
The Nika sedition, 306. Foundation of
the church of St. Sophia, 331. Other
churches erected there by Justinian, 335.
Triumph of Belisarius on his return, 385.
The city saved by him from the Bulga-
rians, 539.

revolt against the emperor Maurice,
v. 161. The Persians encamp ten years
before the city, 173. Its deliverance from
the Persians and Avars, 188. Religious
war about the Trisagion, 239. General
councils, 248, 252, 348. Tumults in the
city to oppose the destruction of images,
370.

first siege of, by the Saracens, vi. 115.
Second siege, 119. Harun al Rashid en-
camps before it, 152. Its state in the tenth
century described by Luitprand, 185. By
Benjamin of Tudela in the twelfth, 194.
The imperial palace of, 197. Titles of the
imperial family, 200. Officers of state,
201. Naval and military character of the
Greeks, 213. The name and character of
Romans supported to the last, 227. De-
cline and revival of literature, 227. The
royal college burnt, 228. The city menaced
by the Hungarians, 270. Account of the
Varangians, 277. Naval expeditions of
the Russians against the city, 282.
Alleged prophecy of its final capture
by them, 285. Insulted by the Sicilian
admiral, 347. Its gates shut against
Godfrey and the crusaders, 432. Origin
of the separation of the Greek and Latin
churches, 522. Massacre of the Latins,
530. Invasion of the Greek empire, and
conquest of Constantinople by the Cru-
saders, 549. The city taken, and Isaac
Angelus restored, 556. Part of the city
burnt 560. Second siege of the city by
the Latins, 563. Is pillaged, 565. Statues
destroyed, 571.

assigned with a fourth part of the
monarchy to the Latin emperor of the
East, vii. 1. Its gates sent as a trophy
to the knights Hospitallers, 3, and note.
The Greeks rise against their Latin con-
querors, 13. The city retaken by the

Greeks, 34, 59. The suburb of Galata
assigned to the Genoese, 107. Hostilities
between the Genoese and the emperor,
107. How the city escaped the Moguls,
135. The new fortifications raised by
Manuel Palæologus, and destroyed at the
command of Bajazet, 156. The distress
of the city relieved for a time by Marshal
Boucicault, 157. Is besieged by the
sultan Amurath II., 198. Compared with
Rome, 260. State of the city during the
absence and after the return of the empe-
ror John Palæologus, 263. Is besieged by
Mahomed II. sultan of the Turks, 301.
Is stormed and taken, 323. Becomes the
capital of the Turkish empire, 331. Its
present aspect, 331.

Constantius Chlorus, trained by Aurelian
and Probus, i. 399. Governor of Dalmatia,
was intended to be adopted by the em
peror Carus, in the room of his son Cari-
Dus, 414.
Is associated as Cæsar by Dio-
eletian, 425. Delivers Britain from Allec-
tus, 432. And Gaul from the Alemanni,
434. Assumes the title of Augustus, on
the abdication of Diocletian, 469. His
mild government, 470. He embarks on
his last expedition to Britain, 474. His
death, 475. Granted a toleration to the
Christians, ii. 158.

Constantius II., the second son of Constan-
tine the Great, ii., 249. Governs, with
the title of Cæsar, the Gallic provinces,
251.
His education, 257. Is sent
to govern the eastern provinces of the
empire, 258. Seizes Constantinople on
the death of his father, 267. Massacres
his kinsmen, 268. Division of the em-
pire between him and his brothers, 269.
Restores Chosroes king of Armenia, 272.
Battle of Singara with Sapor, king of
Persia, 274. Rejects the offers of Mag-
nentius and Vetranio, 282. His oration
to the Illyrian troops at the interview
with Vetranio, 283. Defeats Magnentius
at the battle of Mursa, 286. Obtains the
submission of Italy, Spain, and Africa,
289, 290. Finally overcomes Magnentius
at Mount Seleucus, 291. Sole emperor
his councils governed by eunuchs, 292.
Education of his cousins Gallus and Ju-
lian, 294. Creates Gallus Cæsar and
Disgrace
governor of the East, 295.

and death of Gallus, 299. Sends for
Julian to court, 301. Invests him with
the title of Cæsar, and the administra-
tion of the West, 305. Visits Rome, 308.
Presents an obelisk to that city, 309.
The Quadian and Sarmatian wars, 310.
His Persian negotiations, 314. Misma-
nagement of affairs in the East, 320. Fa-
vours the Arians, 420. His religious
character by Ammianus the historian,
421. His restless endeavours to establish
an uniformity of Christian doctrine, 422.
Athanasius driven into exile by the coun-

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